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cÖ_g Aa¨vq

M‡elYv cwiwPwZ

1.1f~wgKv :

ch©Ub eZ©gvb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo evwYR¨ wfwËK Kg©KvÛ Ges

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ch©Ub wkí we‡k¦i gvbyl, Zv‡`i Rxeb aviv Ges Zv‡`i

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j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GwM‡q P‡j‡Q|

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AvKl©Y nj Dw™¢` Kzj, cÖvYxKzj I ms¯‹…wZK HwZn¨|

wesk kZvãxi c~‡e© B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi †Kvb ¸iyZ¡ wQj bv| 1940

mv‡j cwi‡ekev`x‡`i ØvivB GwU cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i Ges 1970

mv‡j †UKmB Dbœqb (Sustainable Development) Gi aviY †_‡K

B‡KvUz¨wiRg A‡bK †Rviv‡jv nq| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i AwaKvsk

†`‡ki GwU RbwcÖq wkí|

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evsjv‡`‡ki B‡KvUz¨wiRg ¯’vb¸‡jv XvKv, PÆMÖvg, gaycyi,

Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, wm‡jU BZ¨vw` wewfbœ A‡j i‡q‡Q| wm‡j‡Ui

B‡KvUzwi¨Rg GjvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ivZvi¸j Ab¨Zg| ivZvi¸j

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AvKl©Y nj R‡j A‡a©K Wy‡e _vKv MvQ Ges Zv‡`i wN‡i

emevmiZ wewfbœ Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨| el©vKv‡j G GjvKv cÖvq 20-30

dzU cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvq, hvi g‡a¨ †eu‡P Av‡Q wewfbœ Dw™¢` I

cÖvYx| ch©UK‡`i g~» K‡i iv‡L GB `„k¨| (ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ,

16 RyjvB 2012)

ivZvi¸j RjvebwU eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ebwefv‡Mi

Aax‡b GKwU weL¨vZ B‡KvUz¨wiRg ¯’vb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q|

hv 2012 mv‡ji Word Tourism Day photo competition-G 9g

¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i‡Q Gi ˆbmwM©K †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨| (Word

Tourism Day photo competition, 2012) GwU GKwU bZzb

ch©Ub GjvKv nIqvi Kvi‡Y †mLvbKvi cwi‡ek I Awaevmx‡`i

mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q bZzb w`K| Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K

wewfbœfv‡e B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ki‡Q | d‡j Zv‡`i

fvlv,‡cvkvK,†ckv,Avq,wkÿv, g~j¨‡eva,Drcv`b

e¨e¯’v,ivRbxwZmn hveZxq Rxeb e¨e¯’v cÖfvweZ n‡”Q| ZvB

GB M‡elYvq b„weÁv‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi

14

Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv¸‡jvi Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹„wZ‡Z

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

1.2 M‡elYvi cUf~wg :

B‡KvUz¨wiRg cÖZ¨qwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib †gw·Kvb cwi‡ekwe`

Hector Ceballos-Lascurain 1983 mv‡j Zuvi “Ecotourism:

The potential and pitfall” bvgK cÖe‡Ü| Z‡e cwi‡ek

msµvšÍ m‡PZbZvg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Charles Darwin †K

B‡KvUz¨wiRg wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ_g e¨w³ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv

nq| (www.Trails.com/The history of ecotourism).

1985 mv‡j United States Agency for International

Development (USAID) cÖK…wZ wbf©i ch©U‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨

Znwej MVb I A_©vqb ïiy K‡i|

1990 mv‡j cÖK…wZ wbf©i ch©U‡bi GKwU msMVbÓ Ecotourism

society” cÖwZwôZ nq hv cieZx©‡Z “International

Ecotourism Society” bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

1991 mv‡j American Society of Travel Agents KZ©„K

Environmental Committee MVb Kiv nq|

1996 mv‡j IUCN ch©Ub Ges msiw¶Z GjvKv ev msiw¶Z ebvq‡bi

Rb¨ Uv¯‹‡dvm© MVb Kiv nq|

15

1999 mv‡j ch©U‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfve Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ Global Code

of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) MVb Kiv nq|

2002 mv‡j ch©U‡bi cÖ`vb gva¨g wn‡m‡e B‡KvUz¨wiRg‡K

cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv nq| GKB

mv‡_ United Nations 2002 mvj‡K “The Year of Ecotourism”

wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i| Gi d‡j we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k

B‡KvUz¨wiRg A‡bK RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i|

90 Gi `k‡Ki B‡KvUz¨wiRg wQj eY¨cÖvYx msi¶Y I `ye©j

ev¯‘ms¯’vb‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi D‡Ïk¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i| eZ©gv‡b hv

AviI we¯Z…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖwZôvwbK hvÎv ïiy nq 1990

mv‡j| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi I Ab¨vb¨ †emiKvwi

cÖwZôv‡bi †hŠ_ cÖ‡Pôvq evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j 20 wUiI

‡ewk B‡KvUz¨wiRg GjvKv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q| (Alam, M.

Furukawa, Y. Akter, S, 2009) hvi d‡j †mme GjvKvi

gvby‡li mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q bvbvb cwieZ©b|

evsjv‡`‡ki †hme GjvKvq B‡KvUz¨wiRg i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ wm‡jU

Ab¨Zg| wm‡jU †Rjvi †MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi d‡Zncyi BDwbq‡bi

ivZvi¸‡j GKwU bZzb B‡KvUz¨wiRg GjvKv| GLv‡b eb I Rjf~wg

†Kw›`ªK we¯Z…Z GjvKv wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q GB wkí| GLvbKvi

ˆbmwM©K †mŠ›`h© ch©Ub‡K AvKl©Y K‡i| ZvB wewfbœ GjvKv

†_‡K ch©UK Qy‡U Av‡m evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ Rjveb Ratargul

Swamp forest Gi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kivi Rb¨|

16

GB B‡KvUz¨wiRg wk‡íi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q ivZvi¸j Rjveb

GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki Awaevmx‡`i Rxeb I RxweKv| Zviv

wewfbœfv‡e GB wk‡íi mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡o‡Q IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e|

cvkvcvwk Zviv cÖwZwbqZ wfbœ wfbœ ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K AvMZ

ch©UK‡`i ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Q| d‡j Zv‡`i mvgvwRK, ms¯‹…wZK

Rxe‡bI c‡o‡Q Gi cÖfve| B‡KvUz¨wiRg Zv‡`i Rxe‡b G‡b‡Q

bvbv cwieZ©b| Avi GB cÖfve I cwieZ©b Ges Gi cÖwZ

‡mLvbKvi ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i `„wófw½ Rvbvi Rb¨B ivZvi¸j‡K

M‡ewlZ GjvKv wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1.3 M‡elYvi †hŠw³KZv :

wek¦ evwY‡R¨ ch©Ub wk‡íi Ae¯’vb Z…Zxq| World Tourism

Organization Abyhvqx ch©Ub we‡k¦i gvby‡li Rb¨ 7%

Kg©ms¯’vb ˆZix K‡i| GQvovI ‡`‡ki miKv‡ii Rb¨ 38%

ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b I A_©bxwZ‡Z 100% cÖfve †d‡j|

evsjv‡`kI Zvi cÖK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i Kvi‡Y ch©Ub wk‡í GKUv

¯’vb `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| 1990 mvj †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub

wk‡íi GKUv bZzb ms‡hvRb n‡”Q B‡KvUz¨wiRg| (Alam, M.

Furukawa, Y. Akter, S, 2009) World Travel Tourism

Council (WTTC) Gi 2013 mv‡ji wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki

ch©Ub wk‡íi d‡j 2012 mv‡j cÖvq 1,281,500 gvby‡li

Kg©ms¯’vb n‡q‡Q,hv †`‡ki †gvU Kg©ms¯’v‡bi 1.8%| (Travel

and Tourism : Economic Impact 2013,Bangladesh) ivZvi¸j

17

Rjveb (Ratargul Swamp Forest) GB B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi bZzb

GKwU `k©bxq ¯’vb| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ Rjveb ev Swamp

Forest hv evsjv‡`‡ki AvgvRb bv‡g cwiwPZ (The Amazone of

Bangladesh)| ivZvi¸j Rjveb‡K B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi AšÍ©f~³ Kivi

d‡j †mLvbKvi gvby‡li Dci bvbv fv‡e Gi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| Gi

d‡j ivZvi¸‡ji Awaevmxiv Zv‡`i GjvKvi ¸i“Z¡ Abyaveb

Ki‡Q| evZv‡mi g‡a¨ Wy‡e †_‡K Avgiv †hgb fy‡j hvB evqy

mvM‡i Wy‡e AvwQ †Zgwb ivZvi¸‡ji Acvi †mŠ›`‡h©i gv‡S

†_‡KI †mLvbKvi Awaevmxiv wQj G m¤ú‡K© Am‡PZb| wKš‘

evsjv‡`k eb wefv‡Mi Aax‡b hLb GUv‡K ch©Ub wk‡íi AšÍ©f~³

Kiv nq ZLb Zviv G wel‡q wewfbœ gva¨g †hgbÑebKg©KZ©v,

wewfbœ †emiKvwi ms¯’v BZ¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ m‡PZb n‡q‡Q|

cvkvcvwk cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ ai‡Yi ms¯‹…wZi AwaKvix ch©UKiv

†mLv‡b †eov‡Z Avmvi d‡j Ges Zv‡`i mv‡_ ¯’vbxq gvby‡li

†gjv‡gkvi d‡j ivZvi¸‡ji gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZK, mvgvwRK Rxe‡b

bvbv cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q| Avi GB ch©Ub wk‡íi Kvi‡Y ivZvi¸‡ji

cwi‡e‡kI bvbv cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| GB cwiZ©b¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e

Zvrch©c~Y©| ZvB B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j ivZvi¸‡ji gvby‡li

mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, cwi‡ekMZ Rxe‡b †h cÖfve c‡o‡Q Zv

wb‡q M‡elYv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi GRb¨B G wel‡q M‡elYv Kiv

†hŠw³K e‡j g‡b K†iwQ|

18

1.4 M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ :

cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ :

ivZvi¸j Rjve‡b B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mgvR

I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y I we‡kølY|

we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ :

(i) ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi aiY ch©‡e¶Y|

(ii) ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

Rvbv|

(iii) ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq B‡KvUz¨wiR‡g

cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

(iv) GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve Rvbv|

(v) ch©UK I ch©U‡bi cÖwZ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i `„wófw½

Rvbv|

19

1.5mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv:

Alam, Furukawa I Akter (2009): Zv‡`i eB‡Z e‡jb,

evsjv‡`‡k eb wfwËK A‡bK AvKl©Yxq RvqMv i‡q‡Q| hvi Dci

wfwË K‡i G‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiRg weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi weKv‡ki †cQ‡b Zviv AviI wKQy KviY †`Lvb|

G¸‡jv nj- evsjv‡`‡k Kg Li‡P hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v, Ac~e© my›`i

cÖK…wZK cwi‡ek I wewfbœ Avw`evmx‡`i ˆewPΨgq Rxeb-hvcb|

Zv‡`i g‡Z evsjv‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨

myôz cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb|

Zv‡`i eB‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mv‡_ cwi‡ek I Avw`evmx‡`i

m¤ú„³Zv †`wL‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Gme GjvKvi

gvby‡li mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b cÖfve †`‡Lbwb| GB

M‡elYvq mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Ogutu (2002: 253): wZwb †`Lvb †h B‡KvUz¨wiRg gvby‡li

RxweKvi Dci A‡bK cÖfve †d‡j| †hme GjvKvq B‡KvUz¨wiRg

M‡o D‡V †mme GjvKvi Avwaevmxiv bZzb †ckvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ

nq| Zv‡`i A‡b‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v nq Ges Av‡qi c_

m„wó nq|

wZwb ïay B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi A_©‰bwZK cÖfve †`wL‡q‡Qb| wKš‘

cÖwZwqbZ wfbœ ms¯‹…wZi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m gvby‡li fvlv, wk¶v,

20

wbivcËv,ivRbxwZ BZ¨vw`I cÖfvweZ nq Zv †`‡Lbwb| ZvB GB

M‡elYvq Gme welq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

Fox (2006: 6): wZwb e‡jb, B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi gva¨‡g

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY A‡ji RxweKv wbe©vn I msiw¶Z AÂj

msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v nq| GQvov Gi gva¨‡g ch©Ub GjvKvi

AeKvVv‡gvMZ DbœqbI n‡q _v‡K|

wZwb msi¶Y I Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ †Rvo w`‡q‡Qb wKš‘ cÖfv‡ei K_v

e‡jbwb| ZvB GB M‡elYvq gvby‡li Dci B‡KvUz¨wiRg cÖfve

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Rappaport (1984: 57): Zuvi cÖe‡Ü †Kvb evm¯’v‡b †mLvbKvi

Local population Ges Regional population Gi

¸iyZ¡ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb e‡jb †h, RbmsL¨vi

cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cwi‡ek cÖfvweZ nq| A_©vr †Kvb GjvKvi

Awaevmx I cwi‡ek GKwU AciwUi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ|

wZwb Zvi †jLvq, Local population I regional population

Gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j G `ywUi cvi¯úwiK cÖfve †`‡Lbwb| ZvB GB

M‡elYvq ivZvi¸‡ji ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mv‡_ ch©UK‡`i msL¨v

e„w×i d‡j Zviv cvi¯úwiK wKfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq Zv Zz‡j aivi

†Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

21

1.6 ZvwË¡K KvVv‡gv:

Old ecologist wn‡m‡e L¨vZ Roy A. Rappaport Zvi weL¨vZ

eB “Pigs for the ancestors” (1984, c„-225) G

ecosysteon †K msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, “ecosystem is a

demarcated portion of the biosphere that includes

living organisms and nonliving substances interacting

to produce a systematic exchange of materials among

the living components and with the non-living

substances”.

ivZvi¸‡ji Awaevmx †mLvbKvi ch©UK Ges cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨

cvi¯úwiK mym¤úK© i‡q‡Q| ch©UKiv †mLvbKvi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM

Ki‡Q| ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Rb¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Kg©ms¯’vb Ges

cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q bvbv

cwieZ©b| GKB mv‡_ ivZvi¸‡ji cwi‡ek i¶vi R‡b¨I wewfbœ

D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q|

Andre P. Vayda Gi “Progressive Contextualization

Methods for research in Human Ecology” (1983)-†Z

cwi‡ek Ges Gi Dci gvby‡li cÖfve eySvi Rb¨ Progressive

22

contextualization †K method wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kivi K_v

e‡jb|

Zuvi g‡Z, cwi‡ek‡K eySv‡Z n‡j Av‡M Human action †`L‡Z

n‡e Ges Gi d‡j cwi‡e‡ki Dci wK cÖfve co‡e Zv eySv hv‡e|

ivZvi¸‡ji B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j ‡mLv‡b cÖwZwbqZ bZzb

gvby‡li AvMgb NU‡Q| Gme ch©UK‡`i _vKvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi

†nv‡Uj wbg©v‡Yi cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv n‡”Q| d‡j †mLvbKvi cÖK…

wZK cwi‡ek Zvi ¯^KxqZv nviv‡”Q|

Arjun Appadurai Zuvi “Modernity at large” (1996) G

Global flow of culture Gi K_v e‡jb| G‡Z wZwb †`Lvb †h

wek¦e¨vcx ms¯‹…wZ wKfv‡e Ab¨ ms¯‹…wZi gva¨‡g cÖfvweZ

I cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q|

ivZiv¸‡j ch©Ub wkí M‡o DVvi Kvi‡Y †mLvbKvi gvby‡li

mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b bvbv cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Zviv

wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b Gi cÖwZwbqZ bZzb gvby‡li ms¯ú‡k© G‡m

wb‡R‡`i cwiewZ©Z K‡i wb‡”Q|

1.7 Kvh©Kix msÁv:

B‡KvUz¨wiRg (Ecotourism): B‡KvUz¨wiRg nj cÖvK…wZK

cwi‡ek, †mLvbKvi Awaevmx I Zv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨‡K

†K›`ª K‡i M‡o I‡V ch©Ub wkí| The International

Ecotourism Society B‡KvUz¨wiRg‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q Gfv‡eÑ

23

“Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the

environment and substation the sell being of local

people” (TIES, 1990)

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖKvi‡f`: B‡KvUz¨wiRg‡K g~jZ 4wU fv‡M

fvM Kiv hvq h_v:

1| Ecolodging

2| Agrotourism

3| Community Development

4| Eco treks

1| Ecolodging: Ecolodging ej‡Z eySvq g~jZ cÖK…wZK

cwi‡e‡k cwi‡ekevÜe Avevm¯’j ˆZwi‡Z m‡PZbZv e„w×i Rb¨

†hme ch©Ub wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q| G‡Z cwi‡ek evÜe DcKiY w`‡q

wewfbœ †nv‡Uj ev †nv‡÷j ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K e‡j G‡K

Ecoresorts I ejv nq| Gme wi‡mvU©¸‡jv‡Z cvwL ch©‡e¶Y

(Bird watching), ¯’vbxq GjvKvi AvKl©Yxq ¯’v‡b ch©Ub,

mgy`ª ågY (Sea kayaking) BZ¨vw`i mye¨e¯’v _v‡K|

Ecolodging Gi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡`i cwi‡ek evÜe evm¯’vb ˆZwii

Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq|

2| Agrotourism: Agrotourism n‡”Q GK ai‡Yi Ecotourism†hLv‡b †Kvb GKwU Rb‡Mvôx‡Z Aew¯’Z MÖvgxY Lvgvi‡K

ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aiv nq| Gi g~j j¶¨ nj

24

myweavewÂZ †`k¸‡jvi SzuwKc~Y© K…wl‡K i¶v Ki‡Z gvbyl‡K

DØy× Kiv| A‡b‡K Avevi Lvgvi Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ †UKmB c×wZ

(Sustainable method) Gi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ †`b| A‡b‡K

agrotourism GjvKvq cÖvYx MvQcvjv Pvlvev` Kivi wewfbœ

myweav I ˆewkó¨ Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ †¯^”Qv‡mex MVb Kiv n‡q

_v‡K|

3| Community Development: AvaywbKxKi‡Yi wewfbœ DcKiY,ebwbab Ges wkí¸‡jvi Kivj MÖvm †_‡K SzuwKc~Y© f~wg Ges

†mme GjvKvi Avwaevmx‡`i RxweKv i¶vi cÖwZ ¸iyZ¡ †`q †hme

B‡KvUz¨wiRg Zv‡K Community development ecotourism e‡j|

Gme msMV‡bi g~j j¶¨ _v‡K B‡KvUz¨wi÷‡`i‡K e„¶‡ivcb,

¯’vbxq †jvK‡`i e¨emvi c×wZ Rvbv Ges Zv‡`i evm¯’vb ˆZwii

†KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK©

ˆZwi Kiv| Community development project ¸‡jv ïaygvÎ

m‡PZbZv e„w× Ges ch©UK I ¯’vbxq‡`i g‡a¨ m¤ú©KB ˆZwi K‡i

bv eis †mme Rb‡Mvôx Avw_©Kfv‡e A¯^”Qj Zv‡`i Rb¨

A_©ms¯’v‡biI e¨e¯’v K‡i|

4| Eco treks: Eco treks ej‡Z eySvq wewfbœ PgKcÖ`

wec¾bK ev gg©¯úkx© GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z ågY Kiv| Treks ej‡Z

eySvq cvnv‡o Pov, muvZvi KvUv, †fjvq Pov, ¸nvågY,

cwieªRb, †bŠKvågY ev cvwL cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡g †Kvb GKwU

GjvKv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w× Ges Gi cwi‡ekMZ SzuwK †_‡K

25

msi¶Y Kiv| Gi Øviv ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi A_©ms¯’vb n‡ZI cv‡i

Avevi bvI n‡Z cvi|

mgvR: †inbygv Avn‡g` I gvbm †PŠayixi g‡Z, ÔÔmgvR ej‡ZeySvq GK`j gvbyl hv‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© we`¨gvb|

hviv GKB †fŠMwjK GjvKvq evm K‡i| hviv GKB ivR‰bwZK

KZ©„‡Z¡i Aax‡b _v‡K Ges GKB ms¯‹…wZ enb K‡i|” (Avn‡g` I

†PŠayix, 2003:390)

GB M‡elYvq mgvR ej‡Z ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki

MÖvg¸‡jvi ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mgvR‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

ms¯‹…wZ: Edward Burnett Tylor ms¯‹…wZ‡K msÁvwqZ Ki‡ZwM‡q e‡jb “Culure is that complex whole which includes

knowledge, belif, art, morals, law, custom and any

other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a

member of society. ” (Tylor, 1871: p-1)

GLv‡b ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki

MÖvg¸‡jvi Awaevmx‡`i fvlv, †cvkvK, wk¶v, hvZvqvZ

e¨e¯’v, wbivcËv e¨e¯’v, Drcv`b e¨e¯’v, Avq, ivRbxwZ

BZ¨vw` eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

Drcv`b e¨e¯’v c×wZ: Avn‡g` I †PŠayixi g‡Z, “Drcv`b

c×wZ g~jZ Drcv`‡bi Dcvq Ges Drcv`‡bi mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i

mgš^q MwVZ|” (2003:355)

26

G M‡elYvq Drcv`b e¨e¯’v ev c×wZ ej‡Z eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jvi Awaevmx‡`i

gvQaiv, K…wlR Drcv`b e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw`|

cwi‡ek: Oxford English Dictonary-†Z ejv n‡q‡Q “The

natural world, as a whole in a particular geographical

area, as especially as affected by human activity is

called envirament. ”

G M‡elYvq cwi‡ek ej‡Z ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi cwi‡ek‡K

eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b e‡bi msi¶Y, cwi¯‹vi-cwi”Qbœ, cï-

cvwL msi¶Y BZ¨vw`i cÖwZ ¸iyZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q|

1.8 cÖZ¨qMZ KvVv‡gv:

27

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Rxe‡b cÖfve

cwi‡e‡ki Dci cÖfve

ch©U‡b cÖfve

Drcv`‡b

cÖfve

ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cÖfve

eb I cï cvwL

msi¶Y

e‡bi cwi”QbœZv

fvlv ‡cvkvKwk¶vhvZvqvZwbivcËv ivRbxwZ

ch©U‡Ki cÖwZ `„wófw½

gvQaivK…wlR

Drcv`b

ch©U‡bi cÖwZ `„wó fw½

wPÎ: M‡elYvi cÖZ¨qMZ KvVv‡gv

1.9 mgqmxgv I ev‡RU :

‡Kvb M‡elYv ïi“i c~‡e© Zvi Rb¨ mgqmxgv wba©viY K‡i wb‡j

Zv cy‡iv M‡elYvq c_ cÖ`k©K wn‡m‡e f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB

M‡elYvi c~‡e© Gi mgqmxgv fvM K‡i wb‡qwQ| wb‡gœ Zv

Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

mgq

welq

RybÕ14 RyjvBÕ14 AvM÷Õ141g

mßv

n

2q

mß

vn

3q

mß

vn

4_©

mßv

n

5g

mß

vn

6ô

mßv

n

7g

mßv

n

8g

mßv

n

9g

mß

vn

10g

mßv

n

11Z

g

mßv

n

12Z

g

mßv

nwelq ID‡Ïk¨wba©viY mvwnZ¨

ch©v‡jvPb

v

28

cÖkœcÎ

ˆZwiM‡elYv

cÖ¯’vebv

ˆZwi I

RgvDcvË

msMÖn‡iKW©

ˆZwiZ_¨

we‡klYLmov

wi‡cvU©

ˆZwiwi‡cvU©K‡¤úvR,

wcÖw›Us IRgv

29

GB M‡elYvi ev‡RU wb‡gœ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:

Li‡Pi †¶Î UvKvi

cwigvYhvZvqvZ I LvIqv 6000

cÖkœcÎ,‡PKwj÷ ˆZwi I

Kwc

200

Kjg 30Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR I

wcÖ›U

1500

eB euvavB 500Ab¨vb¨ LiP 1000

†gvU 9230

1.10 M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv :

G M‡elYv Kg©wU m¤úv`b Ki‡Z †hme mxgve×Zvi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ†m¸‡jv n‡jv –

mgq ¯^íZv G M‡elYvi cÖavb mxgve×Zv |

M‡elYv GjvKv A‡bK e¨qeûj nIqvq †mLv‡b ‡ewkevihvIqv m¤¢e nqwb |

M‡elYv GjvKv `~ieZ©x nIqvq hvZvqv‡Z mgm¨v n‡q‡Q|

hw`I b„‰eÁvwbK M‡elYvi GKwU Ab¨Zg ˆewkô¨ n‡”QM‡elYv GjvKvq †_‡K M‡elYv Kiv | wKš‘ mgq I my‡hvMbv _vKvi Kvi‡Y M‡elYv GjvKvq †_‡K M‡elYvwU Kiv m¤¢e nqwb |

30

M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvwôi fvlvI A‡bK †ÿ‡Î eyS‡Z mgm¨v n‡q‡Q|

ch©Ub GjvKv nIqvq †mLvbKvi gvbyliv memgq e¨¯Í_v‡Kb | ZvB Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K †ewkmgq cvIqv hvqwb |

Z_¨`vZviv A‡bK mgq mwZ¨Kvi Z_¨ w`‡Z Abxnv cÖKvkK‡i‡Qb | †hgb Zv‡`i ch©Ub GjvKv wb‡q ¯’vbxq ؇›Øiwel‡q K_v ej‡Z A‡b‡K Awb”QzK wQ‡jb |

DËi`vZviv A‡bK †ÿ‡Î cÿcvZ`yó DËi w`‡q‡Qb | Zvivmvwe©K wel‡q bv e‡j wb‡R‡`i my‡hvM-myweavi K_vej‡ZB †ewk AvMÖnx wQ‡jb | hvi Kvi‡b M‡elYvi Rb¨Z_¨ msMÖ‡n RwUjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q |

Gme Kvi‡Y M‡elYv KvRwU Kivi †ÿ‡Î mxgve×Zv¸‡jv Gwo‡qhvIqv m¤¢e nqwb |

1.11 M‡elYvi AwfÁZv:

cÖwZwU gvV M‡elYvB bZzb bZzb AwfÁZvi Rb¥ †`q| GB

M‡elYvi gvVKg© Ki‡Z wM‡qI Avwg A‡bK AwfÁZv jvf

K‡iwQ| GkwU M‡elYvi Rb¨ wKfv‡e gvVch©vq †_‡K Z_¨

msMÖn Ki‡Z nq Zvi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv jvf wQj cÖavb|

ZvQvov Z_¨`vZviv mevB A‡bK AvšÍwiK nIqvq eÜzZ¡c~Y©

cwi‡e‡k KvR KivI GKUv bZzb AwfÁZv|

31

wØZxq Aa¨vq

M‡elYv GjvKv I M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôx cwiwPwZ

2.1 M‡elYv GjvKv cwiwPwZ:

ivZvi¸j Rjveb evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ Swamp forest | G GjvKvi

cÖavb ˆewkó¨ nj RyjvB †_‡K AvM÷ ch©šÍ| A_©vr el©vKv‡j

GjvKvwU cÖvq 20 †_‡K 25dzU cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q hvq| G GjvKvq

ZLb †`Lv hvq ïay R‡ji wbgœvs½ Wywe‡q `vuwo‡q _v‡K MvQ|

GQvov eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qI GjvKvwU‡Z cÖvq 10 dzU cvwb

_v‡K| me mgq cvwb _vKvi Rb¨ G‡K evsjv‡`‡ki AvgvRvb (The

Amazon of Bangladesh) ejv nq|

GB RjvebwU evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU †Rjvi †MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi

d‡Zncyi BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z | wm‡jU m`i Dc‡Rjvi me‡P‡q Kv‡Q

Aew¯’Z e‡j Gi Av‡kcv‡k †hme MÖvg i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m`i

Dc‡Rjvi MÖvgI i‡q‡Q | ivZvi¸j Riveb GjvKvi Pviw`‡K †hme

MÖvg i‡q‡Q ‡m¸‡jv n‡jv : m`i Dc‡Rjvi 7bs Iqv‡W©i

GIjviKzU, Pvbcyi MÖvg,8bs Iqv‡W©i mv‡ne evRvi I

†MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi RjyigyL, PwjZvevwo, AvjxbMi,

PvBbvicvo,‡PŠayixcvov, ivZvi¸j BZ¨vw` |

2.1.1 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi Ae¯’vb:

32

†MvqvBbNvU Dc‡RjvwU evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU †Rjvi DËi-c~e©

w`‡K Aew¯’Z | Gi Ae¯’vb 25°6'0"DËi I 91°58'60" c~e©‡Z | G

Dc‡Rjvi g‡nl‡Lo †gŠRv I eMvevwo †gŠRv‡Z ivZvi¸j RjvebwU

Aew¯’Z | G e‡bi DËi I DËi-cwðg w`‡K i‡q‡Q

PwjZvevwo,PvBbvicvo, RjyigyL ; `wÿY-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z

‡PŠayixcvov; `wÿ‡Y i‡q‡Q GIjviKzU, Pvbcyi, mv‡ne evRvi;

`wÿY- c~‡e© Aew¯’Z ivZvi¸j, AvjxbMi MÖvg | G e‡bi `w¶‡Y

i‡q‡Q ‡P‡Oi Lvj, wkg~j wej nvIi I †bIqv wej nvIi|(‰`wbK

Kv‡ji KÉ, 28 AvM÷ 2011)

2.1.2 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi AvqZb :

‡MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi †gvU AvqZb 118889 GKi | d‡Zncyi

BDwbq‡bi AvqZb 10078 GKi | Gi g‡a¨ ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi

AvqZb 3,325.61 GKi| hvi g‡a¨ 504 GKi eb‡K 1973 mv‡j

eb¨cÖvYx AfivqY¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| (‰`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ,

28 AvM÷ 2011)

2.1.3 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi Rjevqy:

wm‡j‡Ui DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z µvšÍxq Rjevqyi G ebwU‡Z

evwl©K Mo e„w×cv‡Zi cwigvY 4162 wgwjwgUvi| †g Ges

A‡±vei gv‡m Mo ZvcgvÎv _v‡K 3100 †mjwmqvm| Avevi

33

Rvbyqvwi‡Z Zv 1200 †mjwmqv‡m †b‡g Av‡m| (Chowdhury

2004)

2.1.4 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi RbmsL¨v:

†MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi d‡Zncyi BDwbq‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨v 19915

Rb| Gi g‡a¨ ivZvi¸j MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 652 Rb , RjyigyL

MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 537 Rb, PwjZvevwo MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 402 Rb,

AvjxbMi MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 209 Rb, PvBbvicvo MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v

131 Rb,‡PŠayixcvov MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 47 Rb | wm‡jU m`i

Dc‡Rjvi 7bs Iqv‡W©i GIjviKzU MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 600 Rb,

Pvbcyi MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 352 Rb Ges 8bs Iqv‡W©i mv‡ne

evRvi MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v 555 Rb | (Sylhet City

Corporation, Census 2012)

2.1.5 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi gvby‡li ag©:

M‡elYv GjvKvq gymwjg a†g©i gvbyl i‡q‡Q 82% Ges wn›`y a‡g©i gvbyl i‡q‡Q 18% |

2.1.6 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi gvby‡li m¤ú‡`i Drm:

M‡ewlZ GjvKvi gvbyl‡`i m¤ú‡`i Drm g~jZ K…wl Rwg | GQvov Zviv gvQaiv, PvKzix, e¨emvq BZ¨vw` Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi mv‡_I RwoZ |

2.1.7 M‡ewlZ GjvKvi gvby‡li wkÿvMZ Ae¯’v:

M‡ewlZ GjvKvi gvby‡li wkÿvi nvi 18.1% | Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl‡`i wkÿvi nvi 77.02% I gwnjv‡`i wkÿvi nvi 22.97% |

34

2.2 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôx cwiwPwZ:

2.2.1 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wj½:GB M‡elYvi bgybv 100 Rb | Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl I bvix Z_¨`vZv i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ GKwU mviYxi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i msL¨v I nvi Zz‡j aiv nj-

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wj½

wPÎ: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wj½

35

wj½ MYmsL¨v kZKiv

nvicyiæl 80 80%bvix 20 20%‡gvU 100 100

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 80 Rb (80%) cyiæl Ges 20Rb (20%) gwnjv |

2.2.2 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi eqm:wb‡gœ GKwU mviYxi gva¨‡g M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvwôi eqm Zz‡j aiv nj-

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014mviYx: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi eqm

36

eqm MYmsL¨v kZKiv

nvi11-20 14 14%21-30 33 33%31-40 28 28%41-50 15 15%51-60 10 10%‡gvU 100 100

wPÎ: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi eqm

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i eqm 11-20 Gi g‡a¨14 Rb (14%),21-30 Gi g‡a¨ 33 Rb (33%),31-40 Gi g‡a¨ 28 Rb (28%),41-50 Gi g‡a¨ 15 Rb (15%) Ges 51-60 Gi g‡a¨ 10Rb |

2.2.3 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wkÿvMZ Ae¯’v:wb‡¤œ Z_¨`vZv‡`i wkÿvMZ Ae¯’v mviYxi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv nj-

wkÿvMZ

†hvM¨Zv

MYmsL¨v kZKiv

nviwbiÿi 15 15%¯^vÿi 16 16%

cÖv_wgK 25 25%gva¨wgK 22 22%

D”P

gva¨wgK

08 08%

¯œvZK/ 14 14%

37

¯œvZ‡KvËi‡gvU 100 100

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wkÿvMZ Ae¯’v

wPÎ: M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi wkÿvMZ Ae¯’v

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ wbiÿi 15 Rb(15%),¯^vÿi 16 Rb (16%),cÖv_wgK wkÿv Av‡Q 25 R‡bi (25%),gva¨wgK wkÿv Av‡Q 22 R‡bi (22%), D”P gva¨wgK wkÿvAv‡Q 8 R‡bi (8%),¯œvZK/¯œvZ‡KvËi 14 Rb (14%) |

2.2.4 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi ‡ckvMZ Ae¯’v:

Z_¨`vZv‡`i †ckv wb‡¤œ mviYxi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv nj-

‡ckv MYmsL¨v kZKivnvi(%)

gvQ aiv 15 15%

38

K…wl KvR 15 15%CNG PvjK 7 7%‡`vKvb`v

i20 20%

gvwS 10 10%PvKzixRxex

9 9%

e¨emvqx 5 5%Ab¨vb¨ 19 19%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: Z_¨`vZv‡`i †ckv

wPÎ: Z_¨`vZv‡`i †ckvDc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ gvwS 10 Rb (10%),K…lK 15 Rb (15%), †`vKvb`vi 20 Rb (20%), e¨emvqx

39

5 Rb (5%),PvKzixRxex 9 Rb (9%),WªvBfvi 7 Rb (7%) I Ab¨vb¨ 19 Rb (19%) |

40

2.2.5 M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v:

wb‡gœ mviYxi gva¨‡g M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi Avq †`Lv‡bv nj-

Av‡qi

cwigvY

MYmsL¨v kZKiv

nvi(%)1-5000 28 24%6000-

10,000

39 39%

11,000-

15,000

18 18%

16,000-

20,000

14 14%

40,000 1 1%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: Z_¨`vZv‡`i Avq

41

wPÎ: Z_¨`vZv‡`i Avq

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i gvwmK Avq 1-5000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 24 R‡bi (24%),6000-10,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 39 R‡bi (39%),11,000-15,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 18 R‡bi(18%),16,000-20,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 14 R‡bi (14%) Ges 40,000 UvKv 1 R‡bi(1%) |

2.3 M‡elYv GjvKvi gvbwPÎ:

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ wm‡j‡Ui gvbwPÎ

42

M‡elYv GjvKvi gvbwPÎ

43

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ

3.1 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Drm:G M‡elYvwU 2 ai‡Yi Drm †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv

wbgœiƒc:

K. cÖv_wgK Drm: M‡elYvi cÖv_wgK Drm n‡e ivZvi¸‡ji

Awaevmx‡`i wbKU †_‡K msMÖn Kiv Z_¨|

L. gva¨wgK Drm: M‡elYvi gva¨wgK ev †MŠY Drm eB, cÖeÜ,wi‡cvU©, B›Uvi‡bU, w_wmm †ccvi,cÎcwÎKv BZ¨vw`|

3.2 bgybvqb, bgybvqb AvKvi I bgybvi GKK

(Sampling, Sample Size, Sample Unit):bgybvqb nj †Kvb wbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôx‡Z mvgwMÖK AbymÜvb bv

Pvwj‡q eis GKwU cÖwZwbaZ¡g~jK Ask‡K wb‡q M‡elYv Kg©

cwiPvjbv Kiv| Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvq ¯ÍixZ bgybvqb e¨envi Kiv

n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mKj wk¶v I †ckvi wfwˇZ bgybv wbe©vwPZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q| (Barnanrd, 1990:82).

GB M‡elYv Kv‡R bgybvi GKK e¨w³ we‡kl|

GB M‡elYvq bgybvi msL¨v n‡q‡Q 100wU|

3.3 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †KŠkj I DcKiY:

44

1. cÖavb Z_¨`vZv †KŠkj: M‡elYvq mswkøó wel‡q Z_¨

msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖavb Z_¨`vZv wb‡qvM Kiv GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨

gva¨g| cÖavb Z_¨`vZv M‡elYvi cZ¨šÍ Kvh©Kix †KŠkj|

M‡ewlZ Rb‡Môx n‡Z Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K cÖavb Z_¨`vZv

wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q whwb H Rb‡Mvôxi mKj welq m¤ú‡K© AeMZ

Av‡Qb Ges hvi mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Kiv hv‡e| GB

M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ 1Rb cÖavb Z_¨`vZvi mvnvh¨ †bqv

n‡q‡Q|

2. K¨v‡giv: GB M‡elYvi mswkó wewfbœ wPÎ Zzjvi Rb¨

K¨v‡giv e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

3. Wv‡qix: Z_¨ †bvU Kivi Rb¨ Wv‡qix e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

3.4 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ:

KvVv‡gvMZ ch©‡e¶Y(Structured Observation): †h‡nZz GM‡elYvi †¶‡Î M‡elYvi e¨vwß nj GKwU wbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôx‡K

ch©‡e¶Y Kiv| ZvB GLv‡b KvVv‡gvMZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z

20wU KvVv‡gvMZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q | G‡¶‡Î †PKwj÷ e¨envi

Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Aa©KvVv‡gvMZ mv¶vrKvi (Semi-Structured Interview) :G †¶‡Î GKwU Aa© KvVv‡gvMZ cÖkœc‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ 60wU

mv¶vrKvi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| (Barnard, 1990: 210) †hLv‡b

Z_¨`vZv‡`i e× I ‡Lvjv `yB ai‡Yi cÖkœ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

45

‡Km ÷vwW(Case Study): e¨vcK cwim‡i mvgvwRK DcvË msMÖnK‡i ¶z`ª bgybv Zz‡j a‡i mgMÖK m¤ú‡K© GK ai‡Yi mvgwMÖK

aviYv †`qv‡K †Km ÷vwW e‡j| (Barnard, 1990: 210)

M‡elYv KvR‡K AviI MÖnb‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi ZvwM`B g~jZ

M‡elYv Kv‡R ÷vwW c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| GB c×wZwU e¨envi

K‡i M‡elYv mswkøó GKRb e¨w³‡K GKK a‡i M‡elYv mswkøó

wewfbœ wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ ev aviYv cvIqv hvq| GB

M‡elYvi Rb¨ 20wU †Km ÷vwW ‡bqv n‡q‡Q | G‡Z †PK wj÷

e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

46

PZz_© Aa¨vq

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi B‡KvUz¨wiRg

4.1 we‡k¦i B‡KvUz¨wiRg ïiyi BwZnvmt

gvbyl ¯^fveZB †mŠ›`h© wcqvmx| Avi cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h©

AbymÜv‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g ågY| gvbyl memgq cÖK…wZi

†mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ Qz‡U‡Q KL‡bv †Uª‡b P‡o, ev‡m

K‡i A_ev KL‡bv Rvnv‡R P‡o| K‡i‡Q wewfbœ †`‡ki wewfbœ

iKg Avwe®‹vi| wKš‘ ZLb B‡KvUz¨wiRg wQj bv| gvbyl

wb‡R‡`i B‡”QgZ ågY KiZ| GZ cÖK…wZi †Kvb ÿwZ wK bv ev

cÖK…wZi Dci Gi †Kvbiƒc cÖfve co‡Q wK bv †m m¤ú©‡KI

Zv‡`i †Kvb aviYv wQj bv| G aviYvi ïiæ nq B‡KvUz¨wiRg

ïiæi ci ‡_‡K |

‰ewk¦K DbœwZ Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b hLb †UKmB ch©U‡bi

Dbœqb‡K cÖkœwe× Ki‡Q, ZLbB wek¦‡bZv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i

B‡KvUz¨wiRg| (The Daily Star, 13/4/2013).

B‡KvUz¨wiRg Ges Ab¨vb¨ †UKmB ch©U‡bi m~Pbv nq 1970

mv‡ji wewfbœ cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g| cieZ©x‡Z

1980 mv‡j GwU RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| B‡KvUz¨wiRg‡K wewfbœ

mgq wewfbœfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Amanda Briney G‡K

msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, “Ecotourism is broadly

defined as low impact travel to endangered and of ten

ondisturbed locations. (Briney, 2014)

47

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mwZ¨Kv‡ii BwZnvm wbwnZ Avwd«Kv‡Z| Av‡M

gvbyl wewfbœ eb¨ cÖvYx wkKv‡ii Rb¨ GKUv wbw`©ó cwigvY

wd w`‡q Avwd«Kvi R½‡j wkKv‡i †h‡Zv| wKš‘ 1970 mv‡j

cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g hLb gvbyl eyS‡Z cv‡i †h,

wbwe©Pv‡i Gme cÖvYx wkKv‡ii d‡j cÖvYx¸‡jv nvwi‡q hv‡”Q,

G¸‡jv‡K msiÿY cÖ‡qvRb, ZLb †_‡K Gme cÖvYx wkKvi eÜ Kiv

nq Ges cÖvYx msiÿ‡Yi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb Kiv nq | ZLb †_‡KB

g~jZ B‡KvUz¨wiRg RbwcÖqZv jvf Kiv ïiæ K‡i|

‡h‡nZz ch©UKiv `xN©Kvj a‡i cÖK…wZ‡Z ågY K‡i I D`NvUb

K‡i Pj‡Q, ZvB ejv hvq B‡KvUz¨wiRg cÖZ¨qwU bZzb n‡jI Gi

cÖPjb eûKvj Av‡M †_‡KB n‡q‡Q| Ecotorusm blog-G Irene

Lane “Introduction to Ecotourism” bv‡g 2014 mv‡ji 30

Ryb GKwU post †`b, †hLv‡b wZwb B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mswÿß

BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡ib| wb‡¤œ Zv eY©bv Kiv njt-

mß`k kZ‡Ki ga¨fvMt The Beginning of Grand Tourt Gmgqwewfbœ ågY Kvwnbx †jLK, †hgb †ivgvb K¨v_wjK wcª÷

Richard Lassel, wewfbœ ai‡Yi mvs¯‹…wZi Zx_©hvÎv¸‡jvi

eY©bvi gva¨‡g Zv RbwcÖq K‡i Zz‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z BZvwji

wewfbœ DcØxc Ges g‡bvgy»Ki f~`„k¨¸‡jv‡Z ågY Kiv ïiæ nq|

1797 mvjt Alexander von Humboldt t wZwb ga¨ I `wÿY

Av‡gwiKvq Dw™¢`ZË¡we` Aime Bonpland †K mv‡_ wb‡q ågY

K‡ib| wZwb 5 eQ‡i cÖvq 6,000 gvBj ågY K‡i KL‡bv cv‡q

†nu‡U, KL‡bv †Nvovq ev †bŠKv‡Z P‡o|

48

1835 mvjt Charles Darwin t wZwb Galapagos Island

Avwe®‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b M‡elYv K‡ib Ges wewfbœ cÖRvwZi

cÖvYx msMÖn K‡i weeZ©‡bi aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib|

1848 mvjt Alfred Russel Wallace t Wallace Ges HenryWalter Bates GK‡Î AvgvRvb b`xi AeevwnKvq hvb Ges †mLvb

†_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi cZ½ I cÖvYx msMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g weeZ©b

m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ cÖgvY AbymÜvb K‡ib|

1968 mvjt Owen Lee t wZwb †gw·‡Kv‡Z ågY K‡ib Ges LasGatos Beach-G “Nature Study Center” cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvi

D‡Ïk¨ wQj gvbyl‡K Zvi cÖwZ‡e‡ki mv‡_ cwiPq awi‡q †`qv

Ges Zv‡K cwi‡e‡ki AviI Kv‡Q wb‡q hvIqv|

1983 mvjt “Ecotourism” Coined as a Term t cwi‡ek

m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb †gw·Kvb ¯’cwZ Hector Ceballos-Lascurain

cÖ_g GB cÖZ¨qwU e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb G‡K msÁvwqZ K‡ib cÖK…

wZi KvQvKvwQ wM‡q Zvi cÖvK…wZK `„k¨, cvkvcvwk ms¯‹…wZ‡K

eY©bv Kivi c×wZ wn‡m‡e|

1996 mvjt Ecotourism Explades t we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡kB‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi jR ˆZwi Kiv nq|

D`vniY¯^iƒct `wÿY Avwd«Kvi ivR‰bwZK cÖkvmb cÖvq 60

wgwjqb Wjvi e¨q K‡i 60-100wU e¨qeûj jR ˆZwi K‡i|

49

2003 mvjt Center for Responsible Travel t wewfbœ

cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi myweav evov‡bvi Rb¨

mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

eZ©gvb mg‡qi B‡KvUz¨wiRgt Expedia.ca-Gi GKwU M‡elYvq‡`Lv hvq †h, 2009 mvj †_‡K 2013 mvj ch©šÍ B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi

cÖe„w×i nvi 65%, hvi gva¨‡g 2013 mv‡j BD‡ivc I

Av‡gwiKvi cÖvq 263 wewjqb Wjvi Avq n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ GwU

GKwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv njt

[Lane, I: 2014]

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖe„w×i nvi

eZ©gvb we‡k¦i weL¨vZ B‡KvUz¨wiRg GjvKv¸‡jv nj-

Brasil t we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo Rjvf~wg|

Belize t we‡k¦i wØZxq e„nËg ˆkjkxiv (reef)

The Galpagos Island t GKmv‡_ 127wU Øxc I ce©Z|

Indonesia t K‡gv‡Wv b¨vkbvj cvK©|

50

51

GKwU mv‡f©i wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx †hme ¯’vb ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q

‡ewk AvKl©Yxq Zv wb‡¤œ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv njt

wPÎ: ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb

GKB wi‡cv‡U© ch©UK‡`i eq‡mi Dci wfwË K‡iI B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi

RbwcÖqZv cÖKvk Kiv nq| wb‡¤œ Zv †`Lv‡bv njt

wPÎ: eq‡mi wfwˇZ B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi RbwcÖqZv

52

4.2 evsjv‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiRgtevsjv‡`‡k i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi ch©Ub GjvKv| Gme ch©Ub

GjvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖZœZvwË¡K GjvKv, gmwR`, gw›`i,

eb BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq Qwo‡q wQwU‡q i‡q‡Q|

G¸‡jv njt

K·evRvit G‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ch©U‡bi ivRavbx ejv nq| GLv‡bi‡q‡Q 120 wK.wg j¤^v evjygq ˆmKZ, wngQwoi SiYv BZ¨vw`|

cvnvox †Rjvt ev›`ievb, ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo G¸‡jv‡K

cvnvwo †Rjv ejv n‡q _v‡K| ivOvgvwU‡Z i‡q‡Q bqbvwfivg

KvßvB †jK|

e¸ovt e¸ovq i‡q‡Q cÖZœZvwË¡K ¯’vb gnv¯’vbMo|

bIqvMuvIt cvnvocy‡i i‡q‡Q 8g kZvãxi evsjvi wb`k©b|

Lyjbvt Lyjbv‡Z i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo B‡KvUz¨wiRgAvKl©Y, g¨vb‡MÖvf eb my›`ieb|

wm‡jUt wm‡j‡Ui B‡KvUz¨wiRg GjvKv¸‡jv nj Rvdjs,

gvaeKzÛ, gvaecyi †jK, jvDqvQov b¨vkbvj cvK©, ivZvi¸j,

weQbvKvw›`, cvs_ygvB BZ¨vw`|

Avqt evsjv‡`k Uz¨wiRg †evW©-Gi wi‡cvU© 2012 Abyhvqx

evsjv‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiRg †_‡K Avq wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv njt

53

[BTB-2012]

mviYx: evsjv‡`‡k B‡KvUz¨wiRg †_‡K Av‡qi cwigvY

54

mgq Av‡qi cwigvY (M

US $)2009 84.22010 80.02011 87.42012 49.5 (Ryb ch©šÍ)

mvsweavwbK AvBbt evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 18(A)-‡Zevsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡íi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvBb i‡q‡Q| GwU

wb¤œiƒct

“Protection & Improvement of Environment and Biodi-

versity”: “The state shall endeavour to protect and

improve the environment and to preserve and safeguard

the natural resources, biodiversity, wetlands, forest

and wildlife for the present and future citizens.”

(evsjv‡`‡ki msweavbt4) (2011 m‡bi cÂ`k ms‡kvabxi 14bs

AvB‡bi 12bs avive‡j cÖwZ¯’vwcZ)

4.3 ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi B‡KvUz¨wiRgt

mviv c„w_ex‡Z †d«k IqvUvi †mvqv¤ú d‡i÷ ev ¯^v`ycvwbi

Rjveb Av‡Q gvÎ 22wU| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Av‡Q Gi `yBwU|

Zvi GKwU kÖxjsKvq Avi Av‡iKwU Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU

†Rjvi †MvqvBbNv‡U| ¯’vbxq gvby‡li Kv‡Q GwU Ômy›`iebÕ

bv‡gB †ewk cwiwPZ| Avevi A‡b‡KB e‡j Ôevsjv‡`‡ki

AvgvRvbÕ|

Rjvf~wg‡Z kvcjvmn bvbv Rv‡Zi †QvU MvQcvjv Ggwb‡ZB R‡b¥|

wKš‘ Gme Mv‡Qi m‡½ cvwbmwnòz eo MvQcvjv R‡b¥ GKUv e‡bi

iƒc wb‡j, Z‡eB Zv‡K e‡j †mvqv¤ú d‡i÷ ev R‡ji R½j|

DcK~jxq GjvKvi evB‡i Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvq †mvqv¤ú d‡i÷¸‡jv

memgq R‡j cøvweZ _v‡K bv| †Kej el©vq GB e‡bi MvQ¸‡jv

55

AvswkK R‡j Wz‡e _v‡K| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki Ggb GKwU

‡mvqv¤ú d‡i÷ GB ivZvi¸j Rjveb|

AvqZbt ivZvi¸j Rjveb (Ratargul Swamp Forest) Gi e‡biAvqZb 3,325.61 GKi| Gi g‡a¨ 504 GKi eb‡K 1973 mv‡j

eb¨cÖvYx AfqviY¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq|

Ae¯’vbt wm‡jU †Rjvi †MvqvBbNv‡Ui d‡Zncyi BDwbq‡bi

†MvqvBb b`xi `wÿ‡Y Gi Ae¯’vb| G e‡bi `wÿ‡Y i‡q‡Q `ywU

nvIit wkg~j wej nvIi I †bIqv wej nvIi| GQvovI i‡q‡Q

†P‡Oi Lvj b`x|

Rjevqyt wm‡j‡Ui DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z µvšÍxq Rjevqyi G

ebwU‡Z evwl©K Mo e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY 4162 wgwjwgUvi| †g

Ges A‡±vei gv‡m Mo ZvcgvÎv _v‡K 310 †mjwmqvm| Avevi

Rvbyqvix‡Z Zv 120 †mjwmqv‡m †b‡g Av‡m| (†PŠayix, 2004)

Dw™¢` ˆewPΨt ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi Ai‡Y¨I 80 kZvsk GjvKvBDw™¢‡`i Av”Qv`‡b Ave„Z| GLb ch©šÍ GLv‡b me©‡gvU 73

cÖRvwZi Dw™¢‡`i mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| (†PŠayix t 2004)

GB e‡b i‡q‡Q wnRj, KiP, eiæb, wcVvwj, ARy©b, QvwZqvb,

¸wURvZ, eUMvQ, †eZ, K`g, gyZ©v BZ¨vw`| (‰`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ;

28/8/2011)

cÖvYx‰ewPΨt RjgMœ GB e‡b i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖRvwZi mvc,†ewR, evbi, ¸uBmvc, †g‡QvevN BZ¨vw`| cvwLi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q

mv`v eK, Kvjv eK, gvQivOv, wUqv, eyjeywj, cvb‡KŠwo,

56

Xzwc, NyNy, wPj Ges evRcvwL| gv‡Qi g‡a¨ Av‡Q †Usiv,

Lwjkv, wiVv, cve`v, gvqv, AvBo, KvjevDk, iæB gvQ mn

wewfbœ RvZ| (‰`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ: 23/8/2011)

2012, 2013 mv‡j mviv‡`‡ki ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q GK we®§q MšÍe¨

n‡q †`Lv w`‡qwQj ÔivZvi¸j RjviY¨Õ| mxgvšÍeZ©x

†MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvaxb n‡jI GwU wm‡jU m`‡ii me‡P‡q

wbKUeZ©x| wKš‘ GB KvQvKvwQ MšÍe¨UzKzI cÖvq A‡Pbv wQj

wm‡j‡Ui gvby‡li Kv‡QB| AiY¨ I R‡ji Avðh© my›`i GB

wgZvjx ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q cwiwPwZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i 2011 mvj †_‡K|

Gi †cQ‡b Ae`vb i‡q‡Q †`k wUwfi Av‡jvKwPÎx Avkivdzj Kwei

Ges cÖ_g Av‡jvi Av‡jvKwPÎx Avwbm gvngy`|

ch©Ub m¤¢vebv GKUv AÂj‡K wKfv‡e `ªæZ e`‡j w`‡Z cv‡i,

Zvi D¾¦j D`vniY ivZvi¸j| el©vKv‡jB g~jZ ch©UKiv hv‡”Q-

†gvUiNvU (mv‡neevRvi), ivZvi¸j MÖvg Ges wPwiw½ GB wZbwU

c_ a‡i| wZbwU c‡q‡›UB ¯’vbxq gvby‡liv †QvU †QvU †bŠKv

wb‡q _v‡Kb ch©UK‡`i †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨| †h `wi`ª †kÖYxi

gvbylR‡bi Rb¨ b`xi gvQ aiv Qvov weKí Kv‡Ri my‡hvM wQj

bv, Zviv GLb ixwZg‡Zv ch©Ub ‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ| †c‡q‡Qb

bZzb Kg©ms¯’vb|

wKš‘ eû eQi a‡i †jvKPÿzi Avov‡j _vKv GB †QvÆ ebwU MZ

wZb eQ‡i me©vs‡k ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q| `vwqZ¡Ávbnxb ch©U‡Kiv

kni †_‡K wewiqvwb I wPc‡mi c¨v‡KU m‡½ K‡i wb‡q hv‡”Qb|

R‡j †dj‡Qb cwjw_‡bi c¨v‡KU| e‡bi ‡fZ‡i D”P¯^‡i evRv‡”Qb

57

PUzj Mvb| G‡Z e‡bi ¯’vqx evwm›`v cï-cvwL‡`i Kx ÿwZ n‡”Q

†mUv †ewkifvM ch©UK †hgb we‡ePbvq Avb‡Qb bv|

A_P eû eQi Av‡M †_‡KB GwU miKvi †NvwlZ Wild life

sanctuary Ges GB eb¨cÖvwY Afqvi‡Y¨i iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨

GLv‡b eb wefv‡Mi GKwU weU Awdm i‡q‡Q|

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi GK

cÖÁvc‡b †`Lv hvq The Asam Forest Regulation 1891 (vii

of 1891)-Gi Section-17-G cÖ`Ë ÿgZve‡j 9 Ryb, 1932 Gi

Notification no-1774R g~‡j †NvwlZ ivZvi¸j wiRvf© d‡i÷

Ges The Forest Act 1927 (xvi of 1927) Gi Section-4 G

cÖ`Ë ÿgZve‡j 19 Rvbyqvwi 1985 m‡bi Notification No-

X11/For-13-19/84(P-1/45(2) g~‡j †NvwlZ gwnl‡Lo †gŠRv I

eMvevwo †gŠRvi cÖÁvwcZ ebf~wg‡K The Bangladesh Wild

Life (Preservatioin) order 1973 (President’s Order 23

of 1973)-Gi Article-23 Gi Clause(7) Gi cÖ`Ë ÿgZve‡j

miKvi Wild Life Sanctuary †Nvlbv K‡ib|

GB cÖÁvc‡b ivZvi¸j †gŠRvi 335.82, eMvevwo †gŠRvi 37.50

G c~e© gwnl‡Lo †gŠRvi 131.18 GKi me©‡gvU 504.50 GKi

AfqviY¨ wn‡m‡e Awafz³ Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b GB GjvKvwU

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi AšÍf~©³ i‡q‡Q| (bdnews24.com; 11/4/2014)

ivZvi¸j Rjveb‡K wN‡i †h B‡KvUz¨wiRg Pvjy n‡q‡Q Zv‡K ejv

nq g~jZ Community based ecotourism KviY Gi gva¨‡g cÖvK…

58

wZK †mŠ›`h© Dc‡Rjvi cvkvcvwk ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Avw_©K

DbœwZ I Kg©ms¯’vbI RwoZ i‡q‡Q|

cÂg Aa¨vq

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

ch©Ub ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ‡K Lye †ewk

cÖfvweZ K‡i| GwU mgvR, ms¯‹…wZi cvkvcvwk cwi‡ek,

A_©bxwZ BZ¨vw`‡KI cÖfvweZ K‡i| World Ecotourism Summit-

2002 G B‡KvUz¨wiRg cÖfve‡K GKwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv

59

nq|

wPÎt B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve [Source: WES-2002] ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi B‡KvUz¨wiRg GKwU Community based

ecotourism, Gi mv‡_ Av‡kcv‡ki MÖv‡gi gvbyliv RwoZ| Zviv

cÖwZwbqZ ch©U‡bi Kv‡R wjß _vK‡Q| d‡j Zv‡`i fvlv,

†cvkvK, Avq, wkÿv, hvZvqvZ, wbivcËv, ivRbxwZ BZ¨vw`

mewKQzB n‡q c‡o‡Q ch©Ub †Kw›`ªK| ch©U‡bi Øviv ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i Rxeb e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡”Q| wb‡¤œ

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki

MÖvg¸‡jvi Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z †h cÖfve c‡o‡Q Zv

eY©bv Kiv njt

5.1 fvlvi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfvet

60

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq ch©UK‡`i AvMgb ïiæ nq g~jZ 2001

mvj †_‡K| RjvebwU wN‡i i‡q‡Q wm‡jU m`i Dc‡Rjv I

†MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi wewfbœ MÖvg †hgb GIjviKzU, ivZvi¸j,

Pvbcyi, PwjZv evwo, AvjxbMi, PvBbvi cvi, †PŠayix cvov

BZ¨vw`| Gi g‡a¨ ch©U‡Ki mgvMg nq ivZvi¸j I GIjviKzU

MÖvg| Z‡e me¸‡jv MÖvg †_‡KB †bŠKvi gva¨‡g Rjve‡b hvIqv

hvq|

‡h‡nZz GB RjvebwU‡Z ch©Ub ïiæ n‡q‡Q Aí wKQzw`b †_‡K,

ZvB ch©U‡bi cÖfv‡e Gme GjvKvi gvby‡li fvlvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨

†Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb| †h‡nZz GB GjvKvwU wm‡jU †Rjvq

Aew¯’Z, ZvB Gme GjvKvi gvbyliv wm‡j‡Ui AvÂwjK fvlvq

K‡_vcK_b K‡i _v‡K|

weL¨vZ ch©Ub GjvKv nIqvi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b †`‡ki I we‡`‡ki

wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K gvbyl Avm‡Q| ¯’vbxq Awaevmxiv Gme

ch©UK‡`i mv‡_ K_v ejvi mgq h_vm¤¢e ï× fvlv e¨env‡ii

†Póv K‡i _v‡K|

wb‡¤œ ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki Awaevmx‡`i fvlvq

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡e cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© M‡ewlZ Rb‡Mvôxi gZvgZ

mviYxi gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv nj-

gZvgZ MYmsL¨v

kZKivnvi(%)

nu¨v 49 49%bv 51 51%

‡gvU 100 100%

61

Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡e fvlvMZ

cwieZ©‡bi nvi

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡e fvlvMZ

cwieZ©‡bi nvi

D³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 49 Rb (49%)

g‡b K‡ib †h Zv‡`i fvlv‡Z cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| evwK 51 Rb

(51%) g‡b K‡ib †h †Kvb cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|

5.2 †cvkv‡Ki Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfvet evsjv‡`‡ki cyiæl‡`i HwZn¨evnx †cvkvK n‡”Q jyw&½ I †MwÄ,cvkvcvwk gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ kvwo, mv‡jvqvi, KvwgR| eZ©gv‡bAvaywbKvqb I cwðgvKi‡Yi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li †cvkv‡KIbvbv ai‡Yi cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| gvbyl HwZn¨evnx †cvkvK e¨enviKivi cwie‡Z© wewfbœ ai‡Yi AvaywbK †cvkvK e¨envi Ki‡Q,hv d¨vk‡bej wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

ivZvi¸j RjvebwU wm‡j‡Ui GKwU cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g n‡jI eZ©gv‡bwewfbœ ai‡bi ch©U‡Ki AvMg‡bi Kvi‡Y, Zv‡`i wfbœ wfbœ

62

÷vB‡ji †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i d‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i †cvkv‡KwKQzUv n‡jI wfbœZv G‡m‡Q|

wb‡¤œ †cvkv‡Ki Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡ei d‡j †cvkv‡Ki ai‡YicwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© DËi`vZv‡`i gZvgZ Zz‡j aiwQ-

gZvgZ MYmsL¨v kZKivnvi(%)

nu¨v 15 15%bv 65 65%

gšÍe¨†bB

20 20%

‡gvU 100 100%Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡e †cvlv‡Ki aiY cwieZ©‡bi

nvi

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfv‡e †cvlv‡Ki aiY cwieZ©‡bi

nviDc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, DËi`vZv‡`i 15 Rb (15%) g‡bK‡ib †h Zv‡`i †cvkv‡K wKQzUv cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Avevi, 65Rb (65%) g‡b K‡ib †h, †Kvb cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨20 R‡bi (20%) G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb gZvgZ †bB|

63

DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv (15 Rb) g‡b K‡ib †h cwieZ©bG‡m‡Q, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx we‡kl K‡i ZiæY IwK‡kvi‡`i †cvkv‡Ki ÷vB‡j cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| GwU hZUv bve¨emvwqK Zvi †P‡q †ewk ¯’vqx|

5.3 wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ wel‡qi g‡Zv wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î ch©U‡bi cÖfve jÿ¨

Kiv hvq| ch©U‡bi d‡j Gi mv‡_ mswkøó Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi Avq

†e‡o hvq| wewfbœ ai‡Yi gvby‡li mv‡_ wg‡k Zv‡`i g‡a¨

m‡PZbZv‡eva I ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| d‡j Zviv wewfbœ wel‡q

m‡PZb nq| †hgb- Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv,

wkÿvi g~j¨, wkÿvi Av‡jv wKfv‡e gvby‡li Rxe‡b bZzb †gvo

wb‡q Av‡m| ZvB Zviv Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wkwÿZ K‡i

†Zvjvi †Póv K‡i _v‡K| ZvQvov A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq †h

Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii wkï‡`i cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q †bqv

m¤¢e nq bv| wKš‘ ch©U‡bi d‡j Avw_©K ms¯’vb nIqvq gvbyl

Gme ÿwZc~iY Kivi †Póv K‡i _v‡K|

‡MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi gvby‡li Mo wkÿvi nvi 18.1%| | Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl‡`i wkÿvi nvi 77.02% I gwnjv‡`i wkÿvi nvi 22.97% | A_©vr GB Dc‡Rjvi MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i wkÿvi nvi LyeKg|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z 5wU cÖv_wgK

we`¨vjq, 1wU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Ges 1wU gva¨wgK I

D”Pgva¨wgK we`¨vcxV i‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv njt

RjyigyL Avev`x cvov miKvix cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq (1997),

dwisDov miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq (1926), Pvbcyi miKvwi

64

cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, jvD¸j miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, ivLvj¸j

miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq BZ¨vw`| gva¨wgK we`¨vjqwU Aew¯’Z

RjyigyL-G hvi bvg RjyigyL D”P we`¨vjq| Avi †h GKgvÎ

gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK we`¨vjqwU i‡q‡Q †mwU Aew¯’Z mv‡ne

evRv‡i, hvi bvg- mv‡neevRvi nvB¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z wkÿvi nvi

evov‡bvi Rb¨ FIVDB (Friends In Village Development

Bangladesh) I BRAC (Bangladesh Rehabilitation

Assistance Committee) G `ywU NGO (Non-Government

Organization) wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK

wkÿvLv‡Z FIVDB-i Ae`vb-B †ewk| Zviv wewfbœ MÖv‡g cÖvq

40-45wU cÖv_wgK wkÿv‡K›`ª Pvjy K‡i‡Q| GQvovI wewfbœ

cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z Zviv A_©ms¯’vb I wewfbœ iKg wkÿv

DcKiY w`‡q _v‡K| ZvQvov BRAC gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK

we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡K Avw_©K I wkÿv DcKiY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mvnvh¨

K‡i Avm‡Q| Gme KvR ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨

Awe¯§iYxq f~wgKv ivL‡Q|

Z‡e B‡KvUz¨wiRg Pvjy nIqvi d‡j wkÿv e¨e¯’vq †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b

G‡m‡Q wK bv G e¨vcv‡i DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ wfbœ gZ i‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i

†ewki fvMB g‡b K‡ib †h, Zv‡`i wkÿv e¨e¯’vq ch©U‡bi cÖfve

†bB| wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi nvi ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gB n‡”Q Ges GwU ch©U‡bi

cÖfve QvovB n‡”Q| wb‡¤œ DËi`vZv‡`i gZvgZ mviYxi gva¨‡g Zz‡j

aiv nj-

65

gšÍe¨ MYmsL¨

v

kZKiv

nvi(%)cwieZ©b

G‡m‡Q

37 37%

cwieZ©b

nqwb

48 48%

gšÍe¨

†bB

15 15%

‡gvU 100 100%Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j wkÿv e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©‡bi nvi

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j wkÿv e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©‡bi nvi

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 37 Rb (37%)

g‡b K‡ib †h B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Zv‡`i Avw_©K Ae¯’vi DbœwZ

nIqvi Kvi‡Y wkÿvi DciI cÖfve c‡o‡Q Ges wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î cwieZ©b

G‡m‡Q| Avevi, 48 Rb (48%) g‡b K‡ib †h †Kvb cÖfve c‡owb

Ges B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi Kvi‡Y wkÿv †ÿ‡Î †Kvb cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|

66

†hme cwieZ©b Av‡Q Zv ¯^vfvweK cwieZ©b| evwK 15 R‡bi

(15%) G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb aviYv ev gZvgZ †bB|

67

5.4 Av‡qi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:World Tourism Organization Gi g‡Z A_©bxwZi Dci

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve m‡e©v”P| G‡ÿ‡Î kZfvM cÖfve c‡o

_v‡K| ZvQvov Community based ecotourism Gi Ab¨Zg GKwU

ˆewkó¨ nj GwU ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i A_©bxwZ‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e,

Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡e Ges Avq e„w× Ki‡e|

Ab¨vb¨ ch©Ub wk‡íi gZ ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi

d‡jI ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Av‡qi bZzb Drm ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| Av‡M

hviv ïaygvÎ gvQ aiv ev K…wlR Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g RxweKv

wbe©vn KiZ GLb el©vKv‡j ‡bŠKv w`‡q ch©UK‡`i wb‡q †Nvivi

gva¨‡g Zviv A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡Qb| GQvov A‡b‡KB wewfbœ ai‡Yi

†`vKvb w`‡q‡Qb| Gme †_‡K Zv‡`i cÖPzi Avq n‡”Q| ch©U‡bi

d‡j †hme `wi`ª †kÖYxi gvbyliv †P‡Oi Lvj-G gvQ aiv Qvov

weKí †Kvb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM wQj bv Zviv ch©U‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ

nIqvi d‡j Zv‡`i Avq A‡bK †e‡o‡Q|

wb‡¤œ ch©U‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ Gme Awaevmx‡`i gvwmK Avq mviYxi

gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv nj-

Av‡qicwigvY

MYmsL¨v

kZKivnvi(%)

1-5000 28 24%6000-10,000

39 39%

11,000-15,000

18% 18%

16,000-20,000

14 14%

68

40,000 1 1%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi nvi

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi nviDc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i gvwmK Avq 1-5000

Gi g‡a¨ Avq 24 R‡bi (24%),6000-10,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 39

R‡bi (39%),11,000-15,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 18

R‡bi(18%),16,000-20,000 Gi g‡a¨ Avq 14 R‡bi (14%) Ges

40,000 UvKv 1 R‡bi(1%) | Gme DËi`vZviv wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ckvqwjß i‡q‡Qb| †ckvMZ wfbœZvi Kvi‡YB g~jZ Zv‡`i Av‡qi wfbœZv

ˆZwi nq| wb‡¤œ DËi`vZv‡`i ‡ckv GKwU mviYxi gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv

nj-

‡ckv MYmsL¨v

kZKivnvi(%)

gvQ aiv 15 15%K…wl KvR 15 15%CNG PvjK 7 7%‡`vKvb`v

i20 20%

gvwS 10 10%

69

PvKzixRxex

9 9%

e¨emvqx 5 5%Ab¨vb¨ 19 19%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j †ckvMZ cwieZ©‡bi nvi

wPÎ: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j †ckvMZ cwieZ©‡bi nvi

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h,Z_¨`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ gvwS 10 Rb (10%),K…lK 15 Rb (15%), †`vKvb`vi 20 Rb (20%), e¨emvqx 5 Rb (5%),PvKzixRxex 9 Rb (9%),WªvBfvi 7 Rb (7%) I Ab¨vb¨ 19 Rb (19%) |

70

5.5 hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

ch©Ub wk‡íi mv‡_ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ|

ch©U‡bi Dbœq‡bi g‡a¨ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Ab¨Zg| KviY

hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v GKB mv‡_ ch©UK Ges ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i

mv‡_ m¤ú„³|

ivZvi¸j RjvebwU nvI‡ii gvSLv‡b Aew¯’Z| ZvQvov Gi

Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z el©vKv‡j hvZvqv‡Zi Ab¨Zg gva¨g

n‡”Q †bŠKv| ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq hvIqvi Rb¨ Ges

Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ †gvUiNvU, ivZvi¸j MÖvg

I wPwiw½ G wZbwU ¯’v‡b cÖvq 1000 †bŠKv wb‡q Av‡mb

¯’vbxq Awaevmxiv|

GQvov Gme RvqMvq hvIqvi Av‡iKwU gva¨g n‡”Q wmGbwR Ges

ch©UK‡`i e¨w³MZ Mvwo| Gme Mvwo wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ m¤úªwZ

†gvUiNvU ch©šÍ cvKv iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov

el©vKvj Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mgq ch©UK‡`i hvZvqv‡Zi myweavi Rb¨

MZ eQi ivZvi¸j MÖv‡gi gvby‡liv †m”QvkÖ‡g GK wK‡jvwgUvi

iv¯Ív ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| iv¯ÍvwU ivZvi¸j MÖvg †_‡K ïiæ n‡q

ivZvi¸j Rjve‡b †h‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|

5.6 wbivcËvi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

ch©Ub GjvKv¸‡jvi wbivcËv memgqB GKUv cÖ‡kœi m„wó K‡i|

KviY we‡kl K‡i Community based ecotourism G hLb ¯’vbxq

Awaevmxiv ch©Ub GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡k emevm K‡i hLb Zv‡`i

71

wbivcËv A‡bK †ÿ‡Î wewNœZ nq| KviY Gme Awaevmxiv Zv‡`i

wb‡R‡`i wbwiwewj cwi‡e‡k emevm Ki‡Z Af¨¯Í _v‡Kb| ch©UK

mgvMg e‡j Zv‡`i wbivcËvi Afve †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov

GjvKvi †g‡qiv Ges gwnjviv BfwUwRs ev Ab¨vb¨ nxbKi

Ae¯’vi ¯^xKvi n‡Z cv‡i| GjvKvq Pzwi, WvKvwZi nviI †e‡o

†h‡Z cv‡i|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ch©UK cÖwZw`b Avm‡jI

¯’vbxq Awaevmx ev DËi`vZv‡`i gZvgZ Abyhvqx Zv‡`i

wbivcËvq Gi †Kvb cÖfve c‡owb| Zv‡`i g‡Z Zviv Av‡Mi gZB

kvwšÍ‡Z emevm Ki‡Qb| ch©UKiv Zv‡`i †Kvbiƒc wei³ ev DZ¨³

K‡ib bv| Zviv wb‡R‡`i gZ Av‡mb Ges †NvivNywi †kl K‡i

P‡j hvb| G‡`i Øviv ¯’vbxq‡`i †Kvbiƒc kvwšÍ weNœ n‡”Q

bv|

Z‡e MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi

e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b mve©ÿwbK cywjk cÖniv Ges

¯’vbxq †PŠwK`vi ev cvnviv`vi ivLvi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡q‡Q|

Gme cÖnix ev wbivcËv iÿx‡`i g‡Z GjvKvq †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨v

mvaviYZ ˆZwi nq bv| ïaygvÎ AwZwi³ m‡PZbZvi Rb¨B cÖnivi

e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|

5.7 ivRbxwZi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

ch©U‡bi gva¨‡g ivRbxwZ we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq| KviY Gme

ch©Ub GjvKv¸‡jvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK bxwZ wba©viKiv

wewfbœ ai‡bi cwjwm cÖeZ©b K‡ib Ges A‡bKUv wb‡R‡`i mybvg

72

AR©‡bi Rb¨ Dbœqb Kg© K‡ib| GQvov ch©Ub GjvKvi ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨I myweav †fvM I myweav ewÂZ nIqvi Dci

wfwË K‡i wewfbœ `j (Saction) ˆZwi nq| d‡j G‡`i g‡a¨

A‡bK mgq Ø›Ø ˆZwi nq|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvwU GKwU miKvi †NvwlZ ch©Ub GjvKv|

GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ Rjveb| G‡Z i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi MvQ,

cï-cvwL BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi GB ebv‡ji iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi

Rb¨ †mLv‡b GKwU weU Awdm ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| ZvQvov GB

RjvebwU‡K B‡KvcvK© wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`qviI cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv

n‡q‡Q| cÖvq Qq †KvwU UvKvi cÖ‡R± Aby‡gvw`Z e‡bi wfZi

myD”P UvIqvi DV‡Q| ïay ZvB bq eb Kg©KZ©v‡`i Rb¨ AvaywbK

Kvh©vjq I evm¯’vb Ges e‡bi †fZi BU weQv‡bv iv¯Ív n‡”Q|

GB e‡bi m‡½ AvwZ¥Kfv‡e mswkøó m‡PZb gvbyl BwZg‡a¨B GB

cÖ‡R‡±i we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Qb| (bdnews24.com; 11/4/2014) MZ

23 AvMó, 2013 Zvwi‡L cÖ_g Av‡jvq Òe`‡j †h‡Z cv‡i e‡bi

cÖK…wZÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ msev‡` ejv nq mv¤úªwZK mgq

ivZvi¸‡j ch©UK‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv e„w× cvIqvq eb I ch©UK‡`i

myweav‡_© eb wefvM †mLv‡b 5 †KvwU 61 jvL UvKvi GKwU

Dbœqb cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| cÖK‡íi wmsnfvM A_© cÖvq †mvqvi

Pvi †KvwU UvKv e¨q Kiv n‡e c~Z© Lv‡Z, evwK UvKv ebvqb I

Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv n‡e|

ivZvi¸j ebvÂj‡K iÿvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cwi‡ekev`x msMVb¸‡jv

memgq we‡ivwaZv K‡i Avm‡Q| Zviv MYm‡PZbZv ˆZwi Ki‡Qb|

73

GQvovI gvbeeÜb, MY B‡gBj cvVv‡bv, eb gš¿xi Kv‡Q wm‡j‡U

wefvMxq eb Awd‡mi cÖavb mnKvix AvjZvd Dwχbi gva¨‡g

MYAv‡e`bcÎ cvVv‡bv BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Z‡e miKv‡ii Gme bxwZ ev cÖK‡íi Kvi‡Y e‡bi ÿwZ n‡jI

¯’vbxq MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z G Dbœq‡bi cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| hvi

dj¯^iƒc MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z we`y¨r mieivn I iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY Kiv

n‡”Q| GLb ch©šÍ cÖvq 8-10wU MÖv‡g we`y¨r mieivnI Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

GQvov G eb‡K wN‡i ¯’vbxq‡`i g‡a¨ `jv`wj I Ø›` ˆZwi

n‡q‡Q | ivZvi¸j RjvebwU †MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvq Aew¯’Z n‡jI

m`i Dc‡Rjvi GIjviKzU MÖv‡gi †gvUiNvU n‡q e‡b hvIqv hvq

| ZvQvov G iv¯ÍvwU A‡bK mnR nIqvq AwaKvsk ch©UK G iv¯Ív

w`‡qB Av‡mb | wKš‘ G Nv‡U m`i Dc‡Rjvi gvbyl Qvov Ab¨

†Kvb MÖv‡gi †bŠKv Avm‡Z ev ch©UK wb‡Z †`qv nqbv| G

†gvUiNv‡U ïaygvÎ m`i Dc‡Rjvi GIjviKzU, Pvbcyi MÖvg,

mv‡ne evRvi BZ¨vw` MÖv‡gi Awaevmxiv †bŠKv w`‡q ch©UK

Avbv †bqv Ki‡Z cv‡I |d‡j ch©Ub †_‡K ïaygvÎ m`i Dc‡Rjvi

AwaevmxivB jvfevb n‡”Q | Ab¨w`‡K †MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi

RjyigyL, PwjZvevwo, AvjxbMi, PvBbvicvo,‡PŠayixcvov

BZ¨vw` MÖv‡gi Awaevmxiv ïaygvÎ ¯’vbxq‡`i cvivcvi Ki‡Z

cv‡ib|Zviv ch©Ub †_‡K †Kvb cÖKvi Avq Ki‡Z cv‡ibbv |

KL‡bv hw` ‡MvqvBbNv‡Ui ‡bŠKvq ch©UK D‡V c‡ob Z‡e GUv

wb‡q gvivgvwi ïiæ n‡q hvq | Zviv ch©U‡bi GZ KvQvKvwQ

74

†_‡KI Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbbv, GUv LyeB `ytLRbK |

¯’vbxqfv‡e G e¨vcviwU gxgvsmv Kivi †Póv Kivi n‡jI Zv

e¨_© n‡q‡Q | ¯’vbxq ‡Pqvig¨vb I †g¤^viiv UvKv †L‡q G

e¨cv‡i wbwj©ß i‡q‡Qb | GRb¨ †MvqvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi

Awaevmxiv miKv‡ii wbKU mvnvh¨ cÖv_x© |

75

‡Km ÷vwWbvgt †`‡e›`ª bv_ miKvieqmt 45‡ckv t gvwS,Pvlvev`wVKvbv t PwjZvevwo, †MvqvBbNvU _vbv |GLv‡b B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j gvby‡li Avq,Rwgi `vg †e‡o‡Q | wKš‘ch©U‡bi myweav Avgiv cvwPQbv | GjvKvi †Pqvig¨vb, †g¤^vi IZv‡`i Abymvixiv Qvov Avi †KD jvf cv‡”Qbv | G wb‡q Ø›Ø GgbwKgvivgvwiI n‡q‡Q | Avgiv Gi wbimb PvB Ges ch©Ub †_‡K jvfevb n‡ZPvB |

lô Aa¨vqDrcv`b e¨e¯’vq B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

6.1 HwZn¨evnx †ckv:

GKB mv‡_ cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvg Ges nvIo GjvKv nIqvi Kvi‡Y ivZvi¸j

Rjveb GjvKvi AwaKvsk gvby‡liB HwZn¨evnx †ckv gvQ aiv, K…wlR

Drcv`b, †bŠKv Pvjbv, †`vKvb`vi BZ¨vw`| wb‡¤œ GKwU mviYxi

gva¨‡g DËi`vZv‡`i HwZn¨evnx †ckv Zz‡j aiv nj-

HwZn¨evnx†ckv

MYmsL¨v

kZKivnvi

K…wl KvR 30 30%gvQ aiv 22 22%K…wlKvR IgvQ aiv

30 30%

‡`vKvb`vi 8 8%e¨emvqx 10 10%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: DËi`vZv‡`i HwZn¨evnx †ckv

76

wPÎ: DËi`vZv‡`i HwZn¨evnx †ckv

77

6.2 gvQ aiv:

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvwU nvIi GjvKvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| GQvov Gi

cvk w`‡q †P‡Oi Lvj cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| Avi cÖvq mviv eQiB

GjvKvwU RjgMœ _v‡K| ZvB GB GjvKvi AwaKvsk gvbyl RxweKv

wbe©vn K‡i _v‡Kb gvQ aivi gva¨‡g| Zviv †P‡Oi Lvj,

ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi Avkcvk BZ¨vw` †_‡K gvQ a‡ib| Gme gvQ

KL‡bv cwiev‡i LvIqvi Rb¨ wb‡q hvIqv nq Avevi KL‡bv Zv

weµx K‡i †`qv nq| Gme GjvKvq †h ai‡Yi gvQ cvIqv hvq

†m¸‡jv nj †Usiv, Lwjkv, wiVv, cve`v, gvqv, AvBo,

KvjevDk, iæB BZ¨vw`| wgVvcvwbi gvQ nIqvi Kvi‡Y G¸‡jv

LyeB my¯^v`y|

DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨, 22 R‡bi †ckv gvQ aiv Ges 30 Rb GKB

mv‡_ gvQ aiv I K…wlKv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³| Z‡e GK_v mZ¨ †h,

nvIo A‡ji cÖvq cÖwZwU e¨w³B gvQ aivi mv‡_ hy³| hv

e¨emvwqK bv n‡jI B”QvK…Z ev k‡Li e‡kI n‡q _v‡K|

6.3 K…wlR Drcv`b:

evsjv‡`k K…wl wbf©i GKwU †`k| G‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ K…wlKv‡Ri

Dci A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki

GjvKv¸‡jv‡ZI el©vKvj Qvov eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mgq hLb cvwb

_v‡K bv ZLb K…wlKvR Kiv nq| DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 30 Rb e¨w³i

78

cÖavb †ckv K…wlKvR| GQvovI GKRb e¨w³ GKB mv‡_ K…wlKv‡Ri

cvkvcvwk gvQ a‡ib|

6.4 Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©b:

ch©U‡bi d‡j ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jvi Drcv`b

e¨e¯’vq e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| ¯’vbxq Awaevmxiv GLb ch©U‡bi

mv‡_ hy³ nIqvq Zv‡`i †ckvMZ Rxe‡bI G‡m‡Q e¨vcK cwieZ©b|

Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB K…wlKvR Ges gvQ aivi cvkvcvwk gvwSwMwi Ki‡Qb

Ges A‡b‡K ch©Ub GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡k wewfbœ ai‡Yi †`vKvb wb‡q

em‡Qb| GQvov wmGbwR-Gi PvjK wn‡m‡eI KvR Ki‡Qb A‡b‡KB| wb‡¤œ

mviYxi gva¨‡g GwU cÖKvk Kiv nj-

bZzb †ckv MYmsL

¨v

kZKiv

nvigvwS 20 43.86%

‡`vKvb`vi 13 22.81%wmGbwR

PvjK

19 33.33%

‡gvU 57 100%Drmt gvVM‡elYv-2014

mviYx: B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©‡bi

nvi

79

wPÎ : B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©‡bi

nviDc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 57 Rb Zv‡`i

†ckv cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ gvwSi †ckv †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb 25

Rb (43.86%), †`vKvb`vi n‡q‡Qb 13 Rb (22.81%) Ges wmGbwR

PvjK n‡q‡Qb 19 Rb (33.33%)|

80

mßg Aa¨vq

cwi‡e‡ki Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

7.1 B‡KvUz¨wiRg I cwi‡ekt

‡hme GjvKvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, †hgb-

mgy`ª, n«`, RjcÖcvZ, ce©Z, Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‰ewPΨ Ges

cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q, †hme GjvKvq

†mŠ›`h©wccvmy I kvwšÍwcÖq gvby‡liv wfo K‡i| Gme

gvbyl‡`i _vKvi Rb¨ †mme GjvKvq evm¯’vb ˆZwi Kiv nq|

d‡j A‡bK mgq MvQ, cÖvYx, cvnvo, Rxevk¥, cÖevj,

mvs¯‹…wZK ev HwZnvwmK †Kvb ¯’vcbv †f‡½ †dj‡Z nq|

d‡j cwi‡ek ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq| (Kreag, G, 1988, 8).

cwi‡ek‡K B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi †bwZevPK cÖfve †_‡K euvPv‡Z

n‡j cwi‡ek‡K iÿvi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| †hme

GjvKvq cwi®‹vi cvwb i‡q‡Q †hme cvwb‡Z †Kvb wKQz

†avqv ev †Kvb cÖKvi eR¨© †djv hv‡ebv| G e¨vcv‡i

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e Ges cwi‡ek

iÿv I m‡PZbZv m¤ú‡K© ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i wkÿv`vb Kiv

n‡e|

81

ch©U‡bi †bwZevPK cÖfve †_‡K cwi‡ek‡K iÿvi Rb¨ †hme

D‡`¨vM nv‡Z †bqv DwPZ ev KiYxq welq¸‡jv wb‡¤œ GKwU

wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv njt

82

83

cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i wkÿv `vb|

cÖwZ‡ek‡K AÿZ ivLv Ges

Gi ˆewk󨸇jv AÿzYœ ivLv|

(1) eb I cvwb cwi®‹vi ivLvi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v †bIqv|

(2) cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ÿwZKi

eR©¨ wb‡ÿc †_‡K weivZ ivLv|

cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ †h me cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q Zv ch©‡eÿY

Kiv|

e‡bi †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv-AveR©bv bv

†djv|

cvwb‡Z ÿwZKviK Dcv`vb

†gkv‡bv †Kvb wKQz †avqv †_‡K weiZ

ivLv|

eR©¨ †djvi RvqMv eb

†_‡K `~‡i I wbw`©ó K‡i

ivLv|

eR©¨ c`v_© we‡kl K‡i cøvw÷K bv †cvov‡bv|

eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv cybivq e¨envi

Dc‡hvMx Kivi (Recyling)

e¨e¯’v †bqv|

wPÎt B‡KvUz¨wiRg GjvKvi cwi‡ek msiÿY KiYxq

ch©U‡bi d‡j GKwU ÿz`ª RvqMvq GKB mv‡_ AmsL¨ gvby‡li

Avbv‡Mvbvi d‡j cwi‡ek ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq| Gi d‡j cwi‡ek

`~lY, gqjv AveR©bv, cvwb `~lY BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z

¯’vbxq Awaevmx I cï cvwL‡`i ÿwZ n‡q _v‡K|

D`vniY¯^iƒc ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq hw` cÖwZw`b 1000

Rb ch©UK hvZvqvZ K‡i †hLv‡b ¯’vbxq AwaevmxB cÖvq

6000 Rb, †m‡ÿ‡Î GB AwaK msL¨K evowZ RbmsL¨v

cwi‡ek‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|

Dowling Gi g‡Z, cwi‡ek‡K Gai‡Yi ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿvi

Rb¨ cwi‡ek msiÿY msµvšÍ cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| G

cÖKí n‡Z cv‡i 4wU wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i|

I must have a strong nature base

Support for conservation in the area

Sustainable margement prectices

An element of environmental education for locals and

tourists.

(Dowling; 2003: 3)

84

7.2 B‡KvUz¨wiRg I †UKmB Dbœqbt

United Nations World Commission on Environment and

Development (WCED, 1987) Gi GKwU wi‡cv‡U© †UKmB Dbœqb

ej‡Z eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q “Development that meets the needsof the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own needs. (Brundtland

Comission, 1987)

B‡KvUz¨wiRg‡K †UKmB Dbœq‡bi GKwU Dc‡mU wn‡m‡e †`Lv

hvq| †UKmB Dbœq‡bi cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g cÖK…wZ‡Z ch©U‡bi

Rb¨ bZzb cÖKí †`qv nq †UKmB ch©Ub bv‡g| B‡KvUz¨wiRg

GB †UKmB ch©Ub G cÖvK…wZK ch©U‡bi g‡a¨ ga¨¯ÍZv K‡i|(ETE, 2005)

wb‡¤œ GwU GKwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv njt

85

‡UKmB ch©Ub (Sustainable

tourism)

cÖvK…wZK ch©Ub (Nature Tourism)

B‡KvUz¨wiRg(Ecotourism)

Drmt Ecological Tourism in Europe, 13/11/2005

7.3 ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvt

Pvi eQi c~‡e©I ivZvi¸j Rjveb wQj evB‡ii c„w_exi

Pÿzi AšÍiv‡j| wKš‘ GB Pvi eQ‡i †h GjvKvq G‡m‡Q

ivZvivwZ cwieZ©b| GLv‡b GLb cÖwZw`bB AmsL¨ ch©UK

hvZvqvZ Ki‡Qb| Zviv e‡bi ev Gi Av‡kcv‡ki cÖK…wZi

we‡kl K‡i cvwb I cÖvwYi, myweav-Amyweavi K_v wPšÍv

bv K‡i B”QvgZ Nyiv‡div Ki‡Qb| cvwb‡Z Ges e‡bi wfZ‡i

†hLv‡b †mLv‡b eR©¨ AveR©bv †dj‡Qb| Gi d‡j e‡bi

cwi‡ek bó n‡”Q, cvkvcvwk cvwbI `~wlZ n‡”Q|

e‡bi cwi”QbœZvi e¨vcv‡i eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ gva¨‡g

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i m‡PZbZv e„w× cv‡”Q| Zviv

mvsevw`K, eb Kg©KZ©v Ges KL‡bv wb‡Ri m‡PZbZv †_‡KI

eb‡K cwi”Qbœ ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Qb| GB

M‡elYvi DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ mevB (100%) g‡b K‡ib †h

ebwU cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLv DwPZ| Gj‡ÿ¨ ¯’vbxq

Awaevmxiv e‡bi †fZ‡i euvk w`‡q †Ni ˆZwii gva¨‡g

ch©UK‡`i AveR©bv †djvi RvqMv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Gme

Rgv‡bv AveR©bv c‡o †djv nq, hv cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ÿwZKi|

G e¨vcv‡i Awaevmx‡`i m‡PZb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

86

7.4 ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi eb I cïcvwL msiÿYt

cÖwZw`b AmsL¨ ch©UK Avmvi Kvi‡Y e‡bi cïcvwLivI

ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| KviY Gme ch©UKiv †h‡nZz Avb›` Ki‡Z

Av‡mb, ZvB Zviv e‡bi †fZ‡i D”P¯^‡i PUzj Mvb K‡ib|

Av‡kcv‡k e‡bi evwm›`v evbi, †ewR ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx

†`L‡j Zv‡`i wXj Quy‡o gRv cvb| G‡Z †h cÖvYxwU

ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q Zv Zv‡`i g‡b nqbv| ¯’vbxq Awaevmxiv

g‡b K‡ib ch©UK‡`i Gme e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y e‡bi I e‡bi

cïcvwLi A‡bK ÿwZ n‡”Q| MvQcvjv Ges cïcvwLi msL¨v

K‡g hv‡”Q| GB M‡elYvi DËi`vZviv g‡b K‡ib †h eb I

e‡bi cïcvwL‡K msiÿY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zviv G e¨vcv‡i

miKvi I cÖkvm‡bi `„wó AvKl©‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| bvn‡j

nqZ GKwU cÖK…wZi GB Acvi †mŠ›`h© gvby‡li mvg‡b †_‡K

nvwi‡q hv‡e| GQvovI DËi`vZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨

†_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q †h, †ewk †ewk ch©UK Avmvi Kvi‡Y Ges

Zv‡`i Øviv bvbvfv‡e DZ¨³ nIqvi d‡j e‡bi A‡bK cÖvYxi

msL¨vB GLb K‡g ‡M‡Q, we‡kl K‡i nbygvb| ZvB Zviv e‡b

ch©UK‡`i msL¨v wbw`©ó K‡i †`qvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb|

‡Km ÷vwW

87

bvg: Rvgvj wgqv

eqm: 40

‡ckv: cÖevmx

wVKvbv: AvjxbMi, †MvqvBbNvU _vbv|

ch©UKiv Avmvi d‡j Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| e‡b

†hme cÖvYx wQj, we‡kl K‡i evbi, nbygvb BZ¨vw` wejyß

n‡q hv‡”Q| G¸‡jv msiÿY Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

Aóg Aa¨vq

ch©UK I ch©U‡bi cÖwZ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i

`„wófw½

8.1 ch©U‡bi cÖwZ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i `„wófw½t

ch©U‡bi d‡j ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki gvbyl‡`i

Avw_©K DbœwZ I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y

Zviv mevB ch©U‡bi cÖwZ Lye mš‘ó| †hme GjvKvevmx

GKmgq ïaygvÎ K…wl KvR I gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbe©vn

Ki‡Zb, Zviv GLb gvwS wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i ev †`vKv‡bi

88

gva¨‡g cÖPzi Avq Ki‡Qb| GRb¨ Zviv Pvb †h, G GjvKvq

ch©Ub wkí‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Kiv ‡nvK| GgbwK †hme

Awaevmxiv ¯’vbxq `jv`wji Kvi‡Y ch©U‡bi myweav †_‡K

ewÂZ n‡”Qb ZvivI ch©U‡bi Dbœqb Pvb Ges wb‡Riv

ch©U‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ _vKvi B‡”Q †cvlY K‡ib|

wb‡¤œ GKwU mviYxi gva¨‡g DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ ch©U‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi

RwoZ hviv, Ges hviv RwoZ bq †mB msL¨v Zz‡j aiv njt

ch©U‡bi mv‡_

m¤ú„³Zv

MYmsL¨v kZKiv nvi

mivmwi RwoZ 70 70%RwoZ bq 30 30%‡gvU 100 100%

Drmt gvV M‡elYv-2014

mviYx: ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i ch©U‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zvi nvi

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 70 Rb

ch©U‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi RwoZ i‡q‡Qb Ges 30 Rb RwoZ bq|

89

8.2 ch©UK‡`i cÖwZ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i `„wófw½t

GUv GKUv ¯^vfvweK welq †h, †Kvb GjvKvq AwZwi³ gvbyl

hvZvqvZ Ki‡j †mme GjvKvi ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨

wKQzUv mgm¨v ˆZwi nq| d‡j Zv‡`i cÖwZ †bwZevPK

g‡bvfve ˆZwi nq| wKš‘, ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi

Av‡kcv‡ki Awaevmxiv ch©UK‡`i cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi

†bwZevPK `„wófw½ †cvlY K‡ib bv| KviY Zv‡`i g‡Z

ch©UKiv Avm‡j Zv‡`i R‡b¨ mgm¨v bq, eis Avkxe©v`

¯^iƒc| ZvQvov Gme ch©UKiv KL‡bv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q nxb ev

nvwbKi †KvbiKg Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß nbwb| ZvB Zviv GK K_vq

ch©Ub‡K Ges ch©UK‡`i‡K fvj `„wó‡Z †`‡Lb|

90

beg Aa¨vqM‡elYvq cÖvß djvdj we‡kølY

9.1 M‡elYvq cÖvß djvdjt ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq g~jZ Community based ecotourism

cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Gi mv‡_ Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i

mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ, Dcrcv`b, ch©Ub wkí, e‡bi

cwi‡ek, cïcvwk BZ¨vw`| ch©U‡bi d‡j ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i Avq †e‡o‡Q, †e‡o‡Q Kg©ms¯’vb, ZvQvov

cÖwZwbqZ ch©UK‡`i ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi d‡j Zv‡`i fvlv,

†cvkvK, wkÿv BZ¨vw`i cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Zv‡`i hvZvqvZ

e¨e¯’v, ivRbxwZ, Drcv`b e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw`I cÖfvweZ

n‡q‡Q| Gme wKQz Avevi cwi‡ek‡KI cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb‡K wN‡i Community based ecotourism Pvjy

nIqvq G Rjve‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jvi ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î

91

fvlvq cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q 49%, †cvkv‡K cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q 15%,

wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q 37%, A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖfve c‡o‡Q

cÖvq 80%| GQvov Drcv`b e¨e¯’vqI cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q|

DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 57% Zv‡`i †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb|

ch©UK‡`i AvMg‡bi d‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Rb¨ bZzb

Kg©ms¯’vb ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Avq †e‡o‡Q|

GB M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h, B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j G GjvKvi

me‡P‡q †ewk Dbœqb n‡q‡Q we`y¨r, hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v I

wbivcËv e¨e¯’vq| GQvov ch©Ub I cwi‡e‡ki e¨vcv‡i

gvby‡li m‡PZbZvI †e‡o‡Q| A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Dbœq‡bi

d‡j gvby‡li Rxebgvb †e‡o‡Q| Z‡e G wb‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨

¯^v‡_©i Ø›Ø i‡q‡Q| ZvB wKQz wKQz gvbyl Ab¨‡`i ewÂZ

K‡i wb‡Riv †ewk jvfevb nIqvi cvqZviv Ki‡Q hv wbimb

cÖ‡qvRb|

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j e‡bi cwi‡ek I e‡bi cïcvwLi DciI

cÖfve c‡o‡Q| eb I cïcvwL msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v

†bqv n‡q‡Q| AwZwi³ ch©Ub AvMg‡bi d‡j eb I cïcvwLi

ÿwZ n‡”Q| ZvB eb I cïcvwL‡K iÿvi Rb¨ ch©U‡bi wKQz

bxwZ wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

wb‡¤œ GKwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ

92

Ges cwi‡ek wKfv‡e I‡Zv‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡l Zv

Dc¯’vcb Kiv njt

93

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx

ms¯‹…wZ Drcv`b e¨e¯’v ch©Ub

e‡bi cwi‡ek,

e‡bi cïcvwL

Community based ecotourism

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki Awaevmx‡`i fvlv, †cvkvK, wkÿv, hvZvqvZ, ivRbxwZ,

Avq, wbivcËvi cÖfve, e‡bi cwi‡e‡k cÖfve

we‡klfv‡e msiÿY

ch©UK‡`i AvMgb

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j gvby‡li

RxweKv I ms¯‹…wZ cÖfvweZ

n‡”Q|

AwZwi³ ch©UK AvMg‡bi d‡j eb I cïcvwLi ÿwZ

n‡”Q|

eb I cïcvw

L msiÿY

Awaevmx‡`i Kg©ms¯’vb ˆZwi Ges Avq †e‡o‡Q

wPÎt ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

`kg Aa¨vq

Dcmsnvi

10.1 mycvwikgvjvt

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq I Gi Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jvi

Awaevmx‡`i wb‡q M‡elYvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq Awaevmx Ges

M‡el‡Ki †hmKj mycvwikgvjv i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv

njt

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mycvwikgvjvt

mevi Rb¨ ch©Ub †_‡K Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vb

¯’vbxq `jv`wji wbim‡bi gva¨‡g GjvKvi gvby‡li

AvZsK wbimb

mKj MÖv‡g we`y¨r mieivn

iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui Dbœqb mvab

94

wkÿv e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb

e‡bi msiÿ‡Yi wbðqZv

M‡el‡Ki mycvwikgvjvt

¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i B‡KvUz¨wiRg m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv

e„w×i Rb¨ wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg Kiv

e‡b ch©UK‡`i wewa wb‡la †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨ K‡Vvi

e¨e¯’v †bqv (hv‡Z e‡bi cwi‡ekI my›`i _v‡K)

bvix‡`i ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ n¯Íwkí wbg©v‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i

†`qv

ivZvi¸j Rjve‡bi wek¦e¨vcx cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv

e‡bi Rxe‰ewPÎ evov‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv

Rjveb GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ miKv‡ii Dchy³ cwjwm

MÖnY|

10.2 Dcmsnvit

GB M‡elYvwU Kiv n‡q‡Q g~jZ ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq

B‡KvUy¨wiR‡gi d‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve

95

ch©‡eÿY I we‡kølY Kiv Ges G‡ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxq‡`i gZvgZ

Zz‡j aivi D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| G‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiRg

m¤ú‡K© aviYv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, cvkvcvwk ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, Drcv`b

e¨e¯’v, cwi‡ek BZ¨vw`i Dci ch©U‡bi cÖfve Zz‡j aiv

n‡q‡Q|

ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi ch©Ub Pvjy Kivi d‡j †mLvbKvi

Awaevmx‡`i RxweKv G ms¯‹…wZ‡Z G‡m‡Q e¨vcK cwieZ©b|

c~‡e© hviv Mixe wQ‡jb, Zviv GLb ch©Ub wkí †_‡K

Av‡qi Drm Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb, GgbwK †eKvi‡`i Rb¨I

Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q| GB ch©U‡bi mv‡_ †QvU †_‡K

eo, cyiæl-gwnjv mevB Rwo‡q c‡o‡Qb| d‡j Zv‡`i

Rxebe¨e¯’vI cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov Zv‡`i A‡b‡K

HwZn¨evnx †ckv †Q‡o bZzb †ckv MÖnY Kivi d‡j Drcv`b

e¨e¯’vqI cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ B‡KvUz¨wiRg ïay †h

cwRwUf cÖfve †dj‡Q Zv bq| Gi wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfveI

i‡q‡Q| †hgb- ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨ ch©Ub msµvšÍ

we‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y `jv`wj n‡”Q Ges Gi d‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨

AvZsK weivR K‡i| KviY, BwZg‡a¨B GB we‡iva wb‡q `yB

`‡ji g‡a¨ gvivgvwiI n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov cwi‡e‡ki DciI

co‡Q †bwZevPK cÖfve| eb I cïcvwL ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| e‡bi

MvQcvjv I cïcvwLi msL¨v K‡g hv‡”Q| Gi †cQ‡b miKvi I

96

ebwefv‡Mi e¨e¯’vcbvi AcUyZvB `vqx| Zviv hw`

e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ myôz cÖKí nv‡Z †bB Zvn‡jB eb I

cïcvwL msiÿY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

GKv`k Aa¨vq

cwiwkó

11.1 mnvqK MÖš’mg~n:Alam. Mahbubul, Furkaua, Y, Akter, Salma: Forest-basted

Tourism in Bangladesh status, Problems and preapets.

2009. University of the Aegean.Printed in Greece.

Appadurai, A. Modernity at larnge, 1996, cambrige

University press, New York.

Barnard, R.H. Research Methods in anthropology:

Qualitative and quantitative approaches, (1990) 2nd

edition sage publications.

Briney, A. Ecotourism: An Overview of Ecotourism, 2014

Barnard, R.H. Research Methods in anthropology:

Qualitative and quantitative approaches, (1990) 2nd

edition sage publications.

Buckley,R. Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism . 2008.

CAB Imternational, UK

97

Belange,K. Ecotourism and its Effect on Native

Population. 2006

Chowdhury,M.S. Nazia,N. Muhammad,N. Patterns and

extent of threats to the protected area of

Bangladesh:The need for relook at conservation

strategies. 2014. Vol-1. PARKS

Dowling, Ross and Feneu, David The Context Of Ecotouism

Policy and Planning. 2003. CABI Publishing

Fox, J, Introduction: Linking Rural livelihoods and

protected area in Banladesh.2006.

Jiang,J. Evaluation of Potential of Ecotourism to

Contribute to Local Sustainable Development:A Case

Study of Tengou Village,China. 2008

Kreag,G. The Impacts of Tourism 1988. Sea Grant.

Ly, T. and Anh, D.Q. Impact of Ecotourism : A Study on

the Environmental Impact of Ecotourism in Can Gio

Mangrove Biosphere,Viet Nam. 2011. Kereva Unit

Ogutu, Z,A; The impact of Ecotourism on livelihood and

natural resourse management in Eselenkei, Amboseli,

Kenya.2002.

98

Pandy,R.N. Case study on the effects of tourism on

culture and the environment,Nepal. 1995. UNESCO

Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Rappaport, R.A. Ecosystem, Population and people, 1984,

Moran, West view press in.

Saha, Joyanta Kumar . SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN

ECOTOURISM: Perspective of Bangladesh . 2014. centria

Spreadley,J.P. Participant Observation, 1980Tylor, E.B. Primitive Culture: 1871, Vol-1, Newyork.

Vayda, A.p. Progressive contextualization: Methods for

research in Human Ecology: 1983. Mcgraw hill New York.

Wall, Geoffrey. Ecotourism:Change ,Impacts and

Opportunities

Weaver,D.P. and Lawton,L.J. Twenty years on : The state

of contemporary ecotourism research. 2008. Griffin

University

Avn‡g`,‡i. I †PŠayix, gv. b„weÁv‡bi cÖ_g cvV: mgvR I

ms¯‹…wZ; 2003, GKz‡k cvewj‡KÝ wjwg‡VW,XvKv |

‡PŠayix,Rybv‡q` †K. Biodiversity of Ratargul Swamp

Forest, 2014. IUCN,BD.

99

11.2 Z_¨m~Î:

ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ, 16 RyjvB 2012

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb,2013(cÂ`k ms‡kvabx)

Bangladesh Tourism Board-2012

Bdnews24.com;11/4/2014

The Daily Star,13/4/2013

http://www.google.com-05/06/14

http://www.wikipedia.com/Ratargul Swamp Forest-05/06/14

http://ecotourism.org.-05/06/14

http://Trial.com/The history at ecotourism-07/06/14

http://ecotourism.blog

http://world tourism photo competition-2012;05/07/14

http://www.ecotourism in Europe.com;13/11/2005

World Ecotourism Summit-2012

100

101

11.3 m¤§wZcÎ:

Rbve,

.................................................

................................................

Avwg KvRx gwiqg Rvnvb| Avwg kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi b„weÁvb wefv‡Mi we.Gm.Gm 4_© el© 2q

†mwg÷v‡ii GKRb wbqwgZ QvÎx| Avgvi GKv‡Wgx M‡elYvi welq

n‡”Q Òwm‡jU †Rjvi ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvi ¯’vbxq

Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹„wZ‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfveÓ|

Avgvi M‡elYvi KvR m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avcbvi mn‡hvwMZv

cÖ‡qvRb| mKj Z_¨ Avgvi GKv‡WwgK Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡ev Ges

Avcbvi cwiPq †Mvcb ivLv n‡e|

Avcwb Avgv‡K Z_¨ w`‡Z ivwR Av‡Qb wK?

nu¨v bv

102

11.4 cÖkœcÎ:

wm‡jU †Rjvi ivZvi¸j Rjveb GjvKvq B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi

d‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z

B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve

(cÖvß Z_¨ ïaygvÎ GKv‡WgxK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv n‡e)

µwgK bs:

e¨w³MZ Z_¨vejx:

1. bvg:

2. eqm:

3. †ckv:

4. wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv:

5. wj½: bvix cyi“l

6. ag©: wn›`y: gymwjg: ‡eŠ×:

wLª÷vb:

103

7. Avq:

ms¯‹…wZ‡Z B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

8. B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Avcbv‡`i fvlvq †Kvb cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q

e‡j wK Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

DËi: nu¨v bv

9. DËi nu¨v n‡j, cwieZ©bUv wK ai‡Yi?

DËi:

10. B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi d‡j Avcbv‡`i †cvkv‡K †Kvb ai‡Yi

cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q e‡j wK Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

DËi: nu¨v bv

11. DËi nu¨v n‡j cwieZ©bUv wK ïaygvÎ e¨emvwqK Kvi‡Y

bvwK GUv ¯’vqx cwieZ©b?

DËi:

12. Avcbvi cwiev‡ii wkïiv wK ¯‹z‡j ev Ab¨vb¨

wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b hvq?

DËi: nu¨v bv

13. DËi nu¨v n‡j wK ai‡Yi wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b hv‡”Q?

DËi:

14. wk¶vcÖwZôvb¸‡jv †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?

104

DËi:

15. B‡KvUy¨wiR‡gi d‡j Avcbv‡i wk¶v e¨e¯’vq †Kvb DbœwZ

ev cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q wK?

DËi: nu¨v bv

16. DËi nu¨v n‡j, cwieZ©bUv wK ai‡Yi?

DËi:

17. Avcbv‡`i hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v †Kgb?

DËi:

18. B‡KvUy¨wiR‡gi d‡j hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v †Kvb DbœwZ n‡q‡Q

e‡j wK Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? n‡j †mUv wK?

DËi:

19. Avcbv‡`i wbivcËv e¨e¯’v Avcbviv wKfv‡e wbwðZ K‡ib?

DËi:

20. ch©UK Avmvi d‡j Avcbv‡`i wbivcËvi †Kvb cÖfve †d‡j‡Q

e‡j wK Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

DËi:

Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

21. Avcbvi cwiev‡ii †Kvb cvwievwiK †ckv wQj wK?

DËi: nu¨v bv

105

22. DËi nu¨v n‡j, Avcwb wK GL‡bv †mB †ckvi mv‡_ hy³

Av‡Qb?

DËi:

DËi bv n‡j, Zvn‡j c~‡e© Avcwb ev Avcbvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv

wK Ki‡Zb?

DËi:

23. Avcbvi †ckvq B‡KvUy¨wiR‡gi †Kvb cÖfve Av‡Q e‡j wK

Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? †mUv wK ai‡Yi?

DËi:

24. Avcwb e¨w³MZfv‡e wb‡gœi †Kvb Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi mv‡_

hy³?

DËi: gvQ aiv K…wlR Drcv`b n¯Íwkí

25. Avcwb wK G‡Z B‡KvUy¨wiR‡gi Av‡M †_‡KB Gi mv‡_ hy³?

DËi:

26. ch©U‡bi d‡j Avcbv‡`i Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq †Kvb cwieZ©b

G‡m‡Q e‡j wK Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

DËi:

cwi‡e‡ki Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

27. Avcwb wK GB RjvebwU cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLvi

cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib?

106

DËi: nu¨v bv

28. Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib †h RjvebwU Acwi”Qbœ _vK‡j gvbyl

ev cwi‡e‡ki Dci †Kvb cÖfve co‡e? †Kb?

DËi:

29. eb I e‡bi cïcvwL msi¶‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi gZvgZ wK?

DËi:

ch©U‡bi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve:

30. ch©Ub m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ wK?

DËi:

31. GLv‡b †hme ch©UK Av‡mb Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ

wK?

DËi:

107

108

11.5 ‡PK wj÷:1. e¨w³MZ Z_¨ Rvbv

2. evwo N‡ii aiY Rvbv

3. fvlv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

4. we`y¨‡Zi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

5. †cvkvK m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

6. cvwbi Drm Rvbv

7. cq:wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

8. wk¶vMZ Ae¯’v I wk¶v ‡¶‡Î †Kvb cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q wKbv

Rvbv †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

9. ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú©‡K Rvbv

10. hvZvqZ e¨e¯’v I Gi Dci B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve Rvbv

11. wbivcËv e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvb

12. Drcv`b e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

13. Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi B‡KvUz¨wiR‡gi cÖfve Rvbv

14. cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ Zv‡`i `„wófw½ Rvbv

15. cwi‡ek i¶vq ¯’vbxq‡`i m‡PZbZv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

16. eb I eb¨ cï cvwL msi¶‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv

17. e‡bi cwi”QbœZv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv

18. ch©Ub m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i g‡bvfve Rvbv

19. ch©UK‡`i cÖwZ Zv‡`i g‡bvfve Rvbv

109

20. †ckv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv

110