Immigration and Immigration and Urbanization Urbanization
Dec 29, 2015
Essential Question:
• What were the problems caused by rapid urbanization and how did the other half live?
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The New ColossusThe New Colossus By Emma Lazarus By Emma Lazarus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standHere at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame."Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she"Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
1871-1880
1881-1890
1891-1900
1901-1910
1911-1920
Old
New
1,593,0001,593,000
181,1880181,1880
2,753,002,753,00
926,000926,000
1,110,0001,110,000
1,847,0001,847,000
1,069,0001,069,000
5,780,0005,780,000
540,000540,000
2,928,0002,928,000
Chart: Rise of Immigrants
RELIGION
BIRTHPLACE
REASONS
DESTINATION
OCCUPATION
RELIGION
BIRTHPLACE
REASONS
DESTINATION
OCCUPATION
Protestant Catholic and Jewish
North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe
Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution
Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest North esp. east coast
Became farmers Unskilled workers
Protestant Catholic and Jewish
North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe
Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution
Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest North esp. east coast
Became farmers Unskilled workers
Old vs New Immigrants
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Ellis IslandEllis Island was built in 1892 as the 1st
“Immigration Center”
Angel Island Angel Island built 1910 built 1910 in San Francisco for in San Francisco for Asian immigrationAsian immigration
1900190076 million population
60% lived in rural areas
1900190076 million population
60% lived in rural areas
1870187040 million population75% lived in rural areas
1870187040 million population75% lived in rural areas
•In 1860 no American city could boast a
million inhabitants.
•1890, New York, Chicago and
Philadelphia had spurted past the
million mark.
•In 1860 no American city could boast a
million inhabitants.
•1890, New York, Chicago and
Philadelphia had spurted past the
million mark.Cities
Immigrants Settle in Cities Industrialization leads to urbanizationurbanization, or growth of cities
Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs
AmericanizationAmericanization—assimilate people into main culture
Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills
English, American history, cooking, etiquette
Ethnic communities provide social support
Characteristics of Characteristics of UrbanizationUrbanization
During Gilded AgeDuring Gilded Age
Characteristics of Characteristics of UrbanizationUrbanization
During Gilded AgeDuring Gilded Age1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.3.3. Magnet for economic & social Magnet for economic & social
opportunities.opportunities.4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions.
- Inner & outer core - Inner & outer core5.5. Squalid living conditions for Squalid living conditions for
many.many.6.6. Political machines.Political machines.7.7. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.
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Louis SullivanLouis SullivanThe ChicagoThe Chicago School of School of Architecture Architecture
Built 1Built 1stst skyscrapersskyscrapers
1856 – 19241856 – 1924
Form followsForm follows function! function!
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Urban Problems:
• There became serious shortages in housing.
• New types of housing were created
1)Row house – apartment type homes
2)Tenement – Multifamily urban houses often overcrowded & unsanitary
• Sanitation was a problem
High Crime Rates
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Urban Problems: Sanitation
• Cities had hard time supplying safe drinking water.
• People threw garbage out their windows.
• Horse manure piled up on the streets
• Sewage flowed in streets.
• By 1900, many cities built sewers & created sanitation departments.
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Fire Problems:
• The city had limited supply of water.
• Most city apartments were made of wood
• People also used candles and kerosene lamps for lighting.
• Paid fire departments were first created in 1853 (Cincinnati)
• The automatic fire sprinkler was also created in 1874.
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The Great Chicago Fire: 1871
• Fire burned for 24hrs.• An estimated 300
people died• 100,000 were left
homeless• More than 3 square miles of the city center was
destroyed.• Property loss was estimated at $200 million.• 17,500 buildings were destroyed.
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•Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S.
•Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities
•Meatpacking
•Steel mills
•Cattle industry
•Multi-cultural community
•Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S.
•Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities
•Meatpacking
•Steel mills
•Cattle industry
•Multi-cultural community