Immigrants and Precarious Employment, Public Outreach Project Overview of Data Meeting with Partners Sept. 26, 2008.

Immigrants and Precarious Employment,

Public Outreach Project

Overview of DataMeeting with Partners

Sept. 26, 2008

Outline/Agenda

• Concept maps

• Measuring precarious work

• IPW over time

• Unpacking IPW over time

• Relationship between selected variables and IPW (for current job)

Concept Map: Differential Social Inclusion

Social Inclusion

Immigration Status

Language/Accent

Human CapitalSocioeconomic Status

Pre-migration& Canada

Racialization and racism

Time in Canada

Government Policy

Social Networks

Neighbourhood

TransnationalCommitments

Family Household

GenderCivic

Engagementvolunteering

Income

Employment:Precarious?

Social Citizenship

use of services

Ethnic-racial identity

Concept Map: Immigrants Precarious Work

Current Work

Networks

Pre-migration (T1) Early Settlement (T2) Current (T4)

Early Work

Pre-MigrationWork

Resources &Obligations

Strategies

1 Stable Job (T3)

Education; CivicEngagement;Volunteering

Class, education, social capital,

languagePersonalNetworks

InstitutionallyMediated Networks

Household composition,TN obligations

Precarious Work

• Multi-dimensional

• Primary indicators - work based, terms of employment

• Secondary indicators, health

Dimensions of Precarious Employment• Primary Indicators from literature

– Terms of employment (contract/subcontracting, not permanent, PT, tied to one employer, temp. agency)

– Self employment (“consultant,” small family business)– Stability, predictability (know schedule?) – Location of work (stable, shifting)– Form of payment (cash, check)– Basis for pay (salary, hourly, piece work)– Unionization– Benefits/coverage

• Secondary indicators• Dangerous, health impacts?• Opportunities for advancement?

Our Index of Precarious Work (IPW)

• 4 points in time:– Pre-migration– First year - early settlement– First stable job

• Possible that FSJ = Job1

– Current job (job 1, job 2, job 3)

First Stable Job and Current Job

IPW - 7 Variables

• Contract type (all except long term renewable & union)

• Work arrangement (not self-employed [small N] or ft/pt for employer)

• How found job (temp agency)• Place of work (R’s home/employer's home)• Basis for pay (for job/contract or piece work)• Form of payment (cash)• Schedule (changes by day/wk/mth)

Early Work ExperienceIPW - 7 Variables

• Paid in cash (all or some of the time)

• Temporary, short term contract (yes)

• Temp agency (yes)

• Day labour (yes)

• Piece work (yes)

• Full time worker fixed hours (NO)

• Plan schedule week in advance (sometimes or never)

Pre MigrationIPW - 5 Variables

• Union (no)

• Self-employed (yes)

• Opportunities for advancement (no)

• Could not support myself/family (agree/strongly agree)

• Could not find a job in my field (agree/strongly agree)

IPW Distributions

Distributions of IPW

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Pre Early FSJ Curr 1

Time

Count

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Current Job 1 IPW DistributionCurrent Job 1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Male Female 1 English 2 Spanish Total

By Gender and Origin

Count

0

1

2

3

4

5

IPW Means

Pre-migration IPW

IPW over time, total sample

IPW over time, by region

IPW over time: gender and region subgroups

Unpacking the IPW over time

• Do the components of the IPW vary over time?

Composition of IPW over time - stacked

Composition of IPW over time - overall

Immigrants & Precarious Work

• Precarious in early work experience

• Improves in FSJ, mixed outcomes for current job

• Origin differences sharper than by gender

• High precariousness for Caribbean men in early work

• Question: how important are terms of employment for precarious lives?

Age and IPW - current job

Occupation

IPW - occupation & gender

Occupations over time

What happens to pre-migration professionals over time?

IncomeHH Income by IPW (Current Job1)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 1 2 3 4 5

IPW

Count

1 Less than $10,000

2 $10,000 to less than$20,000

3 $20,000 to less than$30,000

4 $30,000 to less than$40,000

5 $40,000 to less than$50,000

6 $50,000 to less than$60,000

7 $60,000 to less than$80,000

8 $80,000 to less than$100,000

9 $100,000 to less than$125,000

10 $125,000 to less than$150,000

11 $150,000 to less than$200,000

12 More than $200,000

Income - IPW means

Caribbean LA Total < 10,000 (N=23) 1.87 1.26 1.46 10- 19,999 (N=62) 1.57 1.25 1.38 20- 29,999 (N=59) 1.24 1.20 1.22 30- 39,999 (N=55) 1.29 1.00 1.12 40- 49,999 (N=34) 0.90 1.00 0.97 50- 59,999 (N=13) 1.45 0.50 1.30 60- 79,999 (N=16) 1.58 1.75 1.62 80-100,999 (N= 2) 1.50 - 1.50 10-125,999 (N= 1) 1.0 - 1.00 > 125,000 (N= 2) 4.0 4.0 4.0 Total (N=267) 1.37 1.18 1.28

PW: strategies = resources and obligations + networks

• Resources and Obligations: – Education, entrance status, language– Household composition, TN family, remittances

• Personal & Institutional Networks:– Personal networks on arrival, over time– Institutional contact, advice, social service agencies

• Strategies: mobilization of resources & networks– Education, credential recognition, volunteering and

similar efforts in Canada

Strategies -

• In what follows we present exploratory analysis regarding strategies. Note that work following the outline in slide 32 is underway.

Strategy: education, training

Strategies: education by origin

Vwork - IPW by # hours

Strategy: Vwork

Caribbean LA Total Told Vwork would help with immigration application

1.30 1.70 1.47

Neighborhood /community assoc

1.05 1.71 1.22

Sports assoc 1.20 1.66 1.29 Union (* low N) 1.16 2.20 1.39 Congregation 1.53 1.48 1.51

Next steps…

• Continue analysis

• Compare to census data (Ornstein report, Gender and Work Database)

• Explore links with TIEDE project

Next steps - today

• Community working group– Breakout groups to define audiences, media,

content, process

• Policy working group– Define priority issues, policies, campaigns

and timeline

The rest of the presentation is under construction…