Image Library Index References Lecture notes (hyperlink) Activity notes (hyperlink) More links… Style Choices – Slide 2 1.

Image Library IndexReferences

Lecture notes (hyperlink)

Activity notes (hyperlink)

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•Style Choices – Slide 2

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Style ChoicesReferences



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3 dimensional with

background

3 dimensional standard simple

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Directional Arrows & Shapes:

Image LibraryReferences



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Animal cell

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Nucleus: Membrane bound sac in the cell that contains DNA, which is organized into chromosomes.

Plasma membrane:A membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell and takes part in signal transduction.




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Cardiomyocytes:Heart muscle cell.

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Hematopoietic cells: Red and white blood cells.

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Laminar hood flow

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air flow duct

air flow duct




More links…Mitosis: Central feature of cell division that includes duplication of identical copies of chromosomes.

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Prophase:The first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses into chromosomes.




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Metaphase:The second phase of mitosis when chromosomes (as sister chromatids) align in the center of the cell- equidistant from the two poles.




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Anaphase:The third phase of mitosis when sister chromatids separate and are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.




More links…Telophase:The fourth and final phase of mitosis when corresponding sister chromosomes attach to opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromosomes. Both sets are now surrounded by new nuclei and unwind back into the relaxed chromatin state.

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Prophase:The first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses into chromosomes.




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Meiosis: Special type of cell division by which produces the eggs and sperm. Four cells are produced, each containing half the number of chromosomes.

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Prophase 1 (4n):The first phase of meiosis (first division) when duplicated homologous chromosomes are paired and line up together during the first meiotic division.




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Metaphase 1:The second phase of meiosis (first division) when homologous pairs align along the equatorial plane and each duplicated chromosome is pulled randomly to one side or the other.




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Anaphase 1:The second phase of meiosis (first division) when homologous pairs align along the equatorial plane and each duplicated chromosome is pulled randomly to one side or the other.




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Telophase 1:The fourth phase of meiosis (first division) when the chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin, the cell membrane is pinched completing the creation of two daughter cells, each with only the haploid number of chromosomes.




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Neuron

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Progenitor cell:Early descendant of a stem cell that can only differentiate but not self renew. A progenitor cell is often more limited in the kinds of cells it can become than a stem cell.

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Stem cell: Cell that has the capacity to both self-renew (make more stem cells by cell division) and differentiate into mature, specialized cells.

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Cell cycle: A cycle of phases in a cell leading to its division and replication. The mitotic phase is a relatively short period of the cell cycle.

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Telomere:

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Centromere:The point at which two sister chromatids are bound together.

Chromatid:Replicated chromosomes that were duplicated during the S phase and bound together at the centromere.




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Chromosome:DNA molecule that carries genes, the hereditary material of an organism, in a highly-ordered structure.

DNA:Molecule made of four chemical letters called bases (abbreviated A, G, C and T) containing genetic information.

Nucleus

Sister Chromatids: Pair of corresponding chromatids that are bound together at the centromere.

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine:Bases that join into twisted ladders to from DNA.




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Transcription:RNA is made from DNA. Bases are matched A-T, C-G as in DNA replication, but the base T (thymine) is replaced with U (uracil).

Transcription Factors: A class of nuclear proteins that can bind DNA and regulate the process of transcription.




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Translation: Process by which the genetic information contained in a chain of RNA is ‘decoded’ into a protein with a specific sequence of amino acids.

RNA:Molecule made of four chemical letters called bases (abbreviated A, G, C and U). U substitutes for the T of DNA. Used to make protein.




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Protein: Molecules composed of chains of amino acids in a specific order, determined by the sequence of bases (A, T, G, and C) in the gene. Proteins are everywhere in the body, and are necessary for the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. Examples are hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.




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DNA RNATranscription Translation

PROTEINS

Central Dogma: DNA is decoded into RNA. RNA is used to assemble proteins.




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Fertilization:Fusion of the egg and sperm, each of which contains half the required number of chromosomes. The union produces a single-celled zygote, the earliest form of embryo.

Sperm: Gametes in males.

Egg: Gametes in females.

Gonads:Sexual organs.

Gametes:Mature egg (oocyte) or sperm (spermatocyte); cells that carry genes to the next generation.




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Cleavage

Inner cell mass (ICM), or blastomeres:Cluster of cells along the inner wall of the blastocyst. Culturing the cells that make up the ICM makes embryonic stem cells.




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Gastrulation: Germ layers are formed, and fundamental dorsal-ventral, anterior-posterior and left-right axes of the developing embryo are established.

Mesoderm: The middle of three germ layers of the early embryo that develops into muscle, bone, and blood.

Ectoderm: The outer of three germ layers of the early embryo that develops into skin, cells of the amnion and chorion, nervous system, enamel of the teeth, lens of the eye, and neural crest.

Blastocyst

Endoderm: The inner of three germ layers of the early embryo that develops into lungs, the intestine, the liver, and the pancreas.




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Artwork illustrated and library provided by:

Jessica Castillo [email protected]@gmail.com

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Image Library Index References Lecture notes (hyperlink) Activity notes (hyperlink) More links… Style Choices – Slide 2 1.

Documents

homologous chromosomes

phase of meiosis

cell equidistant

number of chromosomes

set of sister chromosomes

final phase of mitosis

special type of cell

heart muscle cell