Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

8/12/2019 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

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PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERANUNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA 2007

Kuntaman

Ilmu Kedokteran TropisPenyakit tropis

Tropical diseases

M-03, 2 SKS, 1/1, Sem IV


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TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL UMUM

Setelah menyelesaikan modul ini mahasiswa S1FK diharapkan mengetahui, memahami dan bisa

menjelaskan terjadinya penyakit tropis; Serta

mengetahui dan memahami penanggulangan

penyakit tropis


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TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL KHUSUS

Konsep dasar muncul & menyebarnya penyakit tropis

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktorlingkungan

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktor

genetik

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktor

perilaku dan sosio-budaya;

Mengetahui dan memahami beberapa penyakit tropis

yang banyak di Indonesia maupun Negara lain;

Mengetahui dan memahami prinsip dasar mengendalikan

muncul dan menyebarnya penyakit tropis


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DESKRIPSI SINGKAT

Prevalensi penyakit: Tropis Non-tropis

Indonesia: Tropis, Luas, multi etnik, genetik,sosio-budaya

Penyakit Tropis/infeksi: Interaksi inang, agen dan

lingkungan; dipengaruhi: genetik, perilaku-sosial

budaya dan lingkungan.

Penyakit tropis: penyakit infeksi & Non-infeksi Pengendalian penyakit tropis: Komprehensif,

dasar faktor2


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introduction

Concept of TD Area

Framework Examples

Concept of Disease control


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Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine,Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University

of Science in Tropical Medicine ..the

program focuses on tropical diseases and enrichesstudent understandingof the biological,

epidemiological, and social dimension of tropical

disease particularly in the South east Asia


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Institute of Tropical Medicine,Nagasaki University

.. The institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki Universityaim to : overcome tropical disease, particularly infectious

disease and various health problem associated with them,

in cooperation with related institution, for excelence in the

following area :1. research in the tropical medicine and international health

2. Global contribution through disease control and health

tropics by applying the fruit of the research promotion inthe tropics by applying the fruit of research

3. Cultivation of the researchers and specialists in the above

fields


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Dominant determinant factors in tropical disease

medical genetic

tropical disease

tropical environment sosio cultural


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Development of tropical disease

Inang

AgentsEnvironment

Tropical Disease


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Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskanmuncul dan menyebarnya penyakit tropis (PT)

Menjelaskan muncul dan menyebarnya PT dari aspekgenetik, lingkungan dan perilakusosio budaya

Mengetahui dan memahami interaksiH, A, E sbg penyebab munculnya PT

Menjelaskan faktorgenetik terhadapmunculnya PT

Menjelaskan faktor perilakusbg penyebab muncul dan

menyebarnya PT

Mampu menjelaskan faktorlingkungan, thd muncul

dan menyebarnya PT


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Tropical Diseases

Lingkungan Agent

ParasitMikroba

Agen lain/fisik/kimia

Host

Sifat Genetik

Status Imunologi

Status Nutrisi

Kharakter Genetik

Perubahan genetikEvolusi genetikBudaya

Sosio-antropol/Perilaku

Env.Genetic

Socio-Culture


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Dominant factors to be discussed in

Tropical Medicine

1. Primary care: provision of promotive, preventive, curative,

and rehabilitativea) Disease control programmes

b) Nutritional supplementation

c) Clean and safe water supply2. Epidemiology of Dis.:

a) Distribution and determinant of TD

b) Focus on six deadly diseases: pneumonia, diarrhoeal

illness, malaria, measles and HIV/AIDS. BUT also

others high fatality rates cases: Ebola, Hantavirus,

Nipah Virus


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Tropical Medicine

3. Traditional medicine healers:

a) Frequently the first point of contact for Pts in the Tropic

b) Play a significant role in access to health care

c) Have an important role in the framework in the

treatment of common tropical illness.

4. Genetics:

a) Pattern of autosomal and sex linked inheritance

b) Deversity of human genome

c) Selective pressure of human genome(~haemoglobinopathy)

d) Genetic constribution to common disease (i.e.: HLA

type that confer resistance or susceptibility)


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Tropical Medicine5. Immunological aspect of TD:

a) Host factor

b) Illustrate the delicate balance involving the host andinvading pathogens

c) Mechanisms involved in host susceptibility and

parasite evasion

6. Economic and financing:a) Focuses on the effects of poverty and inadequate

resources

b) Most developing countries (mostly in the tropic) have

an inability to reduce the burden of diseases, due toeconomic reasons

c) Poverty is underlying factor for poor health in tropic

d) Poor people are more vulnerable to disease (TD)


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Diminished food

-Absorbtion-Intake-Micronutrient store

Increase food-Requirements-Untilization

Diarrhoea

- Cell med immunity- humoral immunity- secretory IgA

- complement- neutrophil function- external barrier

malnutrition

infection

Produces reduces

increasesInduces


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Tropical Disease

- The word of TROPICAL DISEASES is more convenientthan accurate

Deseases peculiar to, and confined to, the tropics

All diseases occuring in the tropics

Medicine in the tropics OR Tropical medicine?- Pathogenic microbes:

1973 Ebola Virus Acute haemorrh.fever

1977 Legionella pneu. Legionnaires dis

1981 Toxin S.aureus TSSyndrome

1982 E coli O157:H7 Haemorrh. Colitis

1983 HIV AIDS

1989 Hepatitis C Hepatitis1993 Hanta virus Adult Resp Distress Syndr.

1996 nvCJD (Prion) Creutzfeldt-Jacob Dis

1997 H5N1 Influenzae

1999 Nipah Severe encedphalitis


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Tropical Disease

- Vaccine preventable infectious diseases:

Measles

Hepatitis B

Tetanus (neonatal)

- Emerging and resurgent diseases: Ebola

Dengue fever

Diphtheria

CholeraNipah virus AI (Hongkong)


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Malnutrisi

54%

Malaria5% Campak

7%

Diare

19%

ISPA

18%

Perinatal

18%

Lain-lain32%

Primary Health CarePrimary Health Care

Distribusi penyebab kematian balita disemua

negara berkembang, 1995 (WHO)

Kematian karenamalnutrisi,justru tinggi


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Epidemiologi PenyakitEpidemiologi Penyakit

Perinatal6%

Faktor Ibu2%

Nutrisi

1%

Penyakit

menular

45%

Penyakit

tidak

menular

35%

Kecelakaan

11%

Estimasi, 1998, penyebab utama kematian dinegara

berpendapatan rendah, Asteng dan Afrika (WHO)


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Tutorial Modul Integrasi

Kasus 1:

Separuh Kelompok

Tutorial 1Tutorial 2

Tutorial 3

Kasus 1

Pleno

Kasus 2

Kasus 2:

Separuh Kelompok


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Jawablah pertanyaan ini?1. Jelaskan makna penyakit tropis

2. Faktor apa yang mempermudah berkembangnyapenyakit tropis

3. Apakah penyakit tropis itu penyakit infeksi?

4. Coba cari sosio-budaya etnis di Indonesia yangbisa mempermudah penyebaran penyakit tropis

5. Terangkan salah satu gangguan genetik yang

bisa mencegah terjangkitnya penyakit tropis.Khususnya yang disertai kelainan morfologi seldarah merah.


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Tropical Disease Center

TDC-UNAIR

Terima kasih

Mansons Tropical Disease

Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Documents