Ikinyamakuru cya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ... · wa Nyabinoni ntiwari uhagarariwe). Aba bakangurambaga bagaragaje ko uko umwaka utashye ariko barushaho kugira ubumenyi

Ikinyamakuru cya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) N°18,Werurwe 2012

komeza ku rup. 3

IBINDI BIRIMO

Turwanye Jenoside, turandure burundu ingengabitekerezo yayo

Senateri Bizimana Jean Damascène watanze ubuhamya kuri uwo munsi.......Urup.18

Icyizere

Inyubako ndangamateka z’urusengero rw’umwami

Ramses, mu murage w’isi.....Urup10

Hakenewe ubufatanye kugira ngo abazahungabana mu mihango yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 bazahabwe ubufasha bukwiye.

Bifuje ko ibiganiro byagezwa mu midugudu

hakiri kare.....urup2

Mu gusuzuma a h o i m y i t e g u r o

yo kwibuka igeze, abari mu nama barimo abahagarariye inzego zinyuranye za Leta n’izitegamiye kuri Leta

nk’imiryango irengera inyungu z’abacitse ku icumu n’iyindi, bamenyeshejwe aho imirimo ikorwa na komisiyo zihariye zo gutegura kwibuka igeze, (nka Komisiyo

y ’ i b i g a n i r o , ko m i s i yo y ’ u b u z i m a , i y ’ u m u g o r o b a w ’ i c y u n a m o , iy’itumanaho, iy’imari, iya protocole ….).

Ikiba kiri inyuma y’Inama zose zikorwa

zo gutegura kwibuka ni ukugira ngo ibyagaragaye ko bitari binoze mu kwibuka ku nshuro ya 17, bisesengurwe, bikosorwe.

Nko ku kibazo cy’umubare munini w’abahungabana baje gukurikira imihango yo kwibuka, abari mu nama basanze ko icyo kibazo kizabonerwa umuti niba aho bibukira

Uwo ni umwe mu myanzuro abari mu nama ya gatatu yo gutegura kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bagezeho ku itariki ya 15 Werurwe 2012, inama yabereye ku cyicaro cya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside iyobowe na Mme Tuyisenge Christine, Visi Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, ari kumwe n’umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa, Bwana Jean de Dieu Mucyo, n’Abakomiseri banyuranye b’iyo Komisiyo.

Abari mu nama bifuje ko gahunda zo kwibuka zajya zimenyeshwa hakiri kare inzego zishobora gutanga ubufasha mu by’ihungabana

Abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye bita-

biriye uwo muhango...urup.17

Icyizere N°18, Werurwe 20122

AMAKURU

Ijambo ry’Ibanze

IcyizereP.O Box 7035 KIGALI

Toll Free: 3560E-mail : [email protected]

Abakora umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi biyemeje kugira uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa byo Kwibuka

Tubwire abumva

Nyuma yo guhura n ’ i s h y i r a h a m w e r y ’ A b a n y a m a b a n k i , i s h y i r a h a m w e r y ’ A b a nya m a h o t e l i , n’iry’abafite ibigo by’ubwishingizi, ku itariki ya 23 Werurwe 2012, Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, Bwana Jean de Dieu Mucyo, yakiriye a b a h a g a r a r i y e “federation” y’abatwara abagenzi mu modoka yahoze yitwa ATRACO. Yabonanye kandi n ’ a b a h a g a r a r i y e i m p u z a m a h u r i r o nyarwanda y’abatwara abagenzi kuri moto yahoze yitwa ASSETAMORWA.

Nyuma yo kubamenyesha aho imyiteguro igeze yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abari bahagarariye “federations” zombi, mu bihe bitandukanye, bunguranye ibitekerezo

ku cyakorwa kugira ngo imiryango bayobora igire uruhare rufatika mu bikorwa byo kwibuka.

A b a g i z e i m p u z a m a h u r i r o y’abatwara abagenzi, bakaba bariyemeje kugira uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa byo kwibuka birimo ugufasha abana b’imfubyi kwiga mu mashuri ya tekiniki, gusura no gufasha imwe mu midugudu y’Abacitse ku icumu batishoboye, gukangurira bagenzi babo guhindura imyitwarire muri kiriya gihe cyo kwibuka, birinda imvugo zisesereza abagenzi, n’ibindi…., ibi byose bakaba biyemeje k u z a b i n o n o n s o r e r a mu nama rusange zizabahuza mbere y’uko icyunamo gitangira.

Ku ruhande r w ’ a b a h a g a r a r i y e abatwara abagenzi kuri moto, abitabiriye inama bagaragaje ko

bose ari Intore zifite izina INKWAKUZI, bakaba bariyemeje kuzahagarara umunota umwe, saa sita zuzuye tariki ya 7 Mata bibuka inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kabone n’ubwo icyo gihe bazaba bafite umugenzi, biyemeje kuzahagarara. Muri iyi nama kandi, bashimishijwe n’uko b a t e k e r e j w e h o nk’abashobora kugira umusanzu batanga muri “sosiyete” nyarwanda, bagoboka abapfakazi n’impfubyi zasizwe iheruheru na Jenoside.

Icyo iyi miryango yombi yahurijeho, ni uko muri kiriya gihe bazaba bambaye udutambaro tugaragaza ko bari kumwe n’abandi mu kwibuka, ibinyabiziga batwara bikazaba birimo indirimbo n’ibiganiro byo kwibuka ndetse binambaye ibitambaro bijyanye n’icyunamo.

Ubwanditsi

Abahagarariye amahuriro y’abatwara abagenzi barajya inama y’icyakorwa mu rwego rwo kwibuka.

Turi mu gihe cy’ Icyunamo, Igihe twibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ubwo twunamira Abacu bagiye tukibakunda. n’ Igihe kiba kitoroheye Abanyarwanda muri rusange, baba abari imbere mu gihugu mu gihe cya Jenocide, Abayihagaritse, Abavuye hanze y’Igihugu, Abari bakiri bato, ndetse n’abari bataravuka bavutse nyuma ya Jenoside , n’ igihe kibakomerera cyane.

Tubwire abumva rero; Nyakubahwa Mukoresha suzuma neza ,kurikirana neza abo ukoresha, Abenshi mukoresha ni urubyiruko rwari rufite imyaka iri hagati y’ itatu n’ icumi. babuze Ababyeyi babo batarahumuka, ntibazi abababyaye ntibazi aho bari batuye, ntibazi ibyo bari batunze, hari n’abadafite benewabo barokotse ngo nibura bababaze uko ababyeyi babo basaga. Mukoresha nawe ishyire mu mwanya w’ uwo mwana iyo ibi bihe bigeze akumva bimwe mu bimwibutsa ibyabaye muri Jenoside,nk’ ubuhamya, indirimbo z’icyunamo, akumva amarira hirya no hino, bituma yikebuka akireba akibura.

Hari n’abagenda bakaririra mu macumbi babamo, bakaguma iyooo ugize Imana akazanzamurwa nuko abonye umuntu ufite umutima muzima bityo akamuhumuriza, mbese akamuba hafi . Mukoresha rero ihangane umenye uwo ibihe nk’ibi bitoroheye ugerageze kumwumva. niba kandi ari ku kazi hakaba hari ukuntu yahindutse kubera gushengurwa n’ agahinda , umushakire uwamuba hafi amuhumurize kuko akenshi iyo afite umuntu umuba hafi ntagera kure cyane. Ibi turabivugira ko hari ibigo byinshi bikoresha abanyamahanga batarumva ubusharire bwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. hari n’abumva badashaka kubimenya . ariko usanga bituruka ku myumvire mike y’Abanyarwanda bamwe na bamwe baba bakora muri icyo kigo, ntibabihe agaciro kuko babyumvise neza kandi bakabiha agaciro, babera urugero abo banyamahanga barikumwe.

Ni muri urwo rwego rero Abanyarwanda bumva neza ikibazo cy’ Amateka mabi yabaye mu Rwanda bakwiye kuba indorerwamo yabagenzi babo .

Bayobozi b’ ibigo bya Leta, ibyigenga, za Ministeri, Abihayimana, za Ambasade n’ Imiryango mpuzamahanga, Nimushyireho komite zitegura kwibuka mu bigo mubereye Abayobozi, maze bategure uburyo abakozi bazibuka kuko iyo bitateguwe neza ari nabwo habaho ihungabana. kwibuka mu bigo bikorwa hagati y’ukwezi kwa Mata na tariki 3 Nyakanga.

Nimufashe Abapfakazi n’ Imfubyi, mubabe hafi kugira ngo bumve ko batari bonyine. Ibigo bimwe na bimwe biribuka ibindi nabyo bigaterera agati mu ryinyo abumva neza akamaro ko kwibuka nimukangurire Ibigo muturanye gukora Gahunda zo kwibuka . bityo muzaba muhaye agaciro abakambuwe ku maherere.

Murakoze!! GASASIRA Gaspard

Icyizere N°18, Werurwe 2012 3

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside irakangurira Ibigo bya Leta, Ibigo bitegamiye kuri Leta, Ibigo by’Abihayimana n’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga ikorera mu Rwanda, kujya byibuka abari abakozi babo bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.

Ni uburyo bwo kubasubiza icyubahiro bambuwe. Ubwanditsi

AMAKURU

ICYIZERE ni ikinyamakuru cyaKomisiyo y’Igihugu yo

Kurwanya Jenoside

Umwanditsi Mukuru: Gaspard Gasasira

Umwanditsi Mukuru Wungirije: Antoine Rwagahirima

Ushinzwe Maquette: Kanzayire Gertrude

Inama y’ubwanditsi:

Bideri Diogène,Gasasira Gaspard,Kanzayire Gertrude,Karengera Ildephonse,Ndahigwa J.Louis,Rutagengwa Philibert,Ruzindaza Jean, Rwagahirima Antoine,Urujeni Solange.

ITANGAZO

Abazahungabana mu mihango yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 bazahabwe ubufasha bukwiye

Ibikurikira urup 1

hose, mu bigo bya Leta, iby’abikorera, mu Turere, mu Mirenge, mu Midugudu no mu mashuri gahunda zo kwibuka zigiye zitegurwa hakiri kare, zikamenyeshwa mu maguru mashya inzego zitanga ubufasha mu by’ihungabana na Minisiteri y’ubuzima n’izindi, ndetse n’inzego z’umutekano, kugira ngo mu gihe iyo mihango izaba iba abazagira ikibazo cy’ihungabana bazabone ababafasha.

Aho kugira ngo izo gahunda zo kwibuka zikorwe hutihuti ku munota wa nyuma nk’uko bisanzwe bigenda, ikindi kiyongeraho abari mu nama bemeje ko imihango n’izindi gahunda zijyanye n’igikorwa cyo kwibuka bitajya birenza i saa yine z’ijoro, nabyo biturutse ku makosa yagiye agaragara mu mihango yo kwibuka iyo amasaha amaze kwigirayo.

Nkuko kwibuka bibera mu gihugu hose kugera ku midugudu, abari mu nama basanze ko hagomba ubufatanye bw’inzego zinyuranye; Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, AVEGA, A E R G , U m u r y a n g o utabara imbabare, Police n’indi miryango yaba iy’abacitse ku icumu cyangwa indi ifite abantu bahuguwe mu by’ihungabana, kugirango aho bibukiye hose abantu bagize ikibazo cy’ihungabana babone gifasha. Ibikorwa muri urwo rwego bigahuzwa na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima .

Abari mu nama bifuje ndetse ko Minisiteri y’ubuzima yateganya

umurongo wa telephone utishyura, abantu batelefonaho kugira ngo abagize ikibazo babone ubutabazi aho byagaragara ko nta bajyanama b ’ i h u n g a b a n a bahabonetse.

Ikindi, abari mu nama basanze ko ari byiza ahabereye igikorwa cyo kwibuka hagiye haboneka umukozi wa Minisiteri y’ubuzima cyangwa undi muntu ubizobereyemo watanga ubutumwa bwo gutegura no guhumuriza abitabiriye igikorwa cyo kwibuka. Ibyo bikaba mbere y’uko ibiganiro cyangwa ubundi buhamya bitangwa. Aha uwari uhagarariye Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yavuze ko n’utanga ubuhamya ashobora g u h u n g a b a n y w a n’ibyo avuga, bikaba ari ngombwa ko nawe abanza gutegurwa.

Mu rwego rwo gukumira ihungabana, abari mu nama banamenyeshejwe ko uyu mwaka nta filime izerekanirwa kuri sitade Amahoro ijyanye no kwibuka, icyakora iki akaba atari icyemezo ntakuka ko nta filime no mu bihe biri imbere

izerekanwa kuri uwo munsi, ahubwo bikaba bisaba ko habanza gukorwa filime yujuje ibisabwa, itaba intandaro y’ibibazo.

Uko bimeze kose, icyafashwe nk’umwanzuro ni uko abafasha b’ihungabana, bari mu gikorwa cyo gufasha abahungabaniye mu mihango yo kwibuka, bajya bataha ari uko nta wahungabanye n’umwe usigaye aho.

Ku bijyanye n’ibiganiro, hifujwe ko ibiganiro byagejejwe ku turere, byatuburwa mu mpapuro, bikagezwa mu Midugudu hakiri kare, kugira ngo hashakwe abafite ubushobozi bwo kubitanga.

Abari mu nama basabye abagize za Komisiyo zitandukanye zitegura kwibuka kwihutisha imyiteguro kugira ngo imihango yose yo kwibuka ku rwego rw’igihugu kuri sitade amahoro, mu midugudu no hanze y’igihugu( za ambassade zohererejwe ibiganiro), izabe inonosoye.

Rwagahirima Antoine

Abari mu nama bifuje ko ibiganiro byagezwa mu midugudu hakiri kare.


AMAKURU

Gukumira no guhangana n’ihungabana byitaweho mu Turere twa Kamonyi na Muhanga

Buri muturage wese akwiriye kumva ko kuba

hafi y’umuntu ufite ikibazo cy’ihungabana ari inshingano ze. Iki kibazo dukwiriye kukigira icyacu. Nituba hafi y’abacitse ku icumu mu bihe byo kwibuka, tugakomeza no kubaba hafi na nyuma y’icyunamo.bizabagaragariza ko twifatanya nabo bityo no kubafasha ku bijyanye n’ihungabana b i z a t w o r o h e r a . Turifuza ko umubare w’abakangurambaga ku ihungabana wakwiyongera kugirango mu gihe cy’imyaka mike iri imbere tujye twibuka tudahura n’ihungabana”.

Aya ni amwe mu magambo yavuzwe na Madamu KAYITESI M. Josée, umukozi wa ARCT – RUHUKA(Association Rwandaise des Conseillers en Traumatismes), mu gikorwa cyo kureba aho abakangurambaga ku ihungabana bageze bitegura kuzafasha abazahura n’ikibazo mu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 18 mu Karere ka Muhanga.

Uyu muryango ARCT – RUHUKA, mu rwego rwo kwitegura kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ufatanyije n’Uturere twa Kamonyi na Muhanga wagiranye inama n ’ a b a k a n g u r a m b a g a ku ihungabana bo muri utu Turere, kugira ngo barebere hamwe aho imyiteguro igeze yo kwibuka Jenoside no guhangana n’ihungabana.Mu karere ka Muhanga iyo nama yabaye ku itariki ya 13 Werurwe, naho mu Karere ka Kamonyi iba ku ya 15 Werurwe.

Mu Karere ka Muhanga

inama yitabiriwe n’abakangurambaga ku ihungabana bahuguwe n’imiryango itandukanye ariyo ARCT – RUHUKA, AVEGA, IBUKA, CARE I N T E R N A T I O N A L n’iyindi.

Abakangurambaga ku ihungabana mu Karere ka Muhanga barenga 230 bakorera mu mirenge 11 muri 12 igize akarere ka Muhanga (umurenge umwe wa Nyabinoni ntiwari uhagarariwe).

Aba bakangurambaga bagaragaje ko uko umwaka utashye ariko barushaho kugira ubumenyi mu guhangana n’ihungabana, ndetse bashimira ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ko bababa hafi igihe cyo kwibuka ku buryo nta bantu bakiboneka bafite ihungabana rikabije.

Abaturage bo mu karere ka Kamonyi batanga ubufasha ku bijyanye

n’ihungabana.

Mu nama yabereye mu Karere ka Kamonyi, a b a k a n g u r a m b a g a bagaragaje ko bishimira uburyo abaturage bo mu Karere ka Kamonyi babafasha kubona ibikoresho byo gukoresha muri uwo murimo. Batanze urugero ku Midugudu yibukirwamo kandi idatuye hafi y’ibigo by’amashuri cyangwa amavuriro, uburyo abaturage bazana matela zo kwifashisha. Aba bakangurambaga bishimira uburyo iki gikorwa abaturage bagikora ntawe ubasunika. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo abaturage bo mu karere ka Kamonyi baha agaciro kwibuka kandi babigira ibyabo. Mu karere ka Kamonyi bafite abakangurambaga barenga 344 mu Mirenge 11 muri 12 igize Akarere ka Kamonyi kuko Umurenge umwe

ariwo wa Rugarika utari witabiriye inama.

Ibigo nderabuzima n’amavuriro birasabwa

gufasha mu gihe cyo kwibuka.

U b u s a n z w e abakangurambaga ku ihungabana bagerageza gutega amatwi no gufasha uwahuye n’icyo kibazo, bakamugira inama kugeza igihe yongeye kumererwa neza. Ariko iyo uwahuye n’ikibazo akomerejwe, a b a k a n g u r a m b a g a bakenera kumugeza ku ivuriro ribegereye kugira ngo abajyanama b’ubuzima (Counselors) bafashe uwahuye n’ikibazo. Akaba ariyo mpamvu aba bakangurambaga b’ubuzima basabye ubuyobozi bw’Uturere gushishikariza no gusaba ibigo by’ubuzima (Centres de Santé) kujya biba hafi, cyane cyane mu gihe hakenewe imodoka ifasha uwagize ikibazo kugera kwa muganga.

Mu myanzuro yafashwe n’inama hemejwe ko abakangurambaga bazajya batanga raporo igaragaza uko ihungabana ryifashe mu Midugudu, Utugari n’Imirenge batuyemo bityo nyuma yo kwibuka Akarere kakazajya kaba gafite ishusho y’uburyo ihungabana riterwa na Jenoside rihagaze mu Karere.

Ibi bigiye bikorwa mu Turere tw’igihugu hose, abantu banaboneraho kumenya aho ihungabana rigeze rigabanuka cyangwa se ryiyongera mu gihugu. Ndetse byatuma ababishinzwe barushaho gufata ingamba mu gukumira ihungabana.

Abakangurambaga ku ihungabana bakwiriye

guhabwa ubushobozi mu murimo wabo.

Abakangurambaga ku

ihungabana bo mu Karere ka Muhanga n’abo mu Karere ka Kamonyi, bagaragaje imbogamizi bahura nazo mu kazi kabo: kutagira umwambaro ubaranga (amatabuliya) bibangamira akazi kabo; iyo habayeho kwibuka ku rwego rw’Akagari n ’ u r w ’ U m u d u g u d u , usanga ibikoresho ari ntabyo cyangwa ari bicye (amazi, impapuro z’isuku n’ibindi) bigatuma umurimo wabo utagenda neza; kutagira ubushobozi buhagije bw’itumanaho ku bakangurambaga b’ihungabana kandi iyo bibaye ngombwa bahamagara bakitabaza n’izindi nzego.Bifuje ko izo nzitizi zabonerwa igisubizo.

Mu by’ukuri ukurikije ubwitange babikorana, bakaba ari abakorerabushake, abakangurambaga ku ihungabana bakwiriye guhabwa ingufu n’ubushobozi cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kwibuka. Ari inzego za Leta cyangwa a b a f a t a n y a b i k o r w a batandukanye bakwiriye gufata iya mbere mu gushaka uburyo imbogamizi zigaragazwa n’abakangurambaga ku ihungabana zakemuka.

Ubuyobozi b’Utugari n’Imidugudu baramutse

babigize ibyabo, bakaganira n’abaturage, nta hantu na hamwe hashobora kubura amazi meza cyangwa impapuro z’isuku mu gihe cyo kwibuka.

Mu gihe tuzaba twibuka abatutsi bishwe muri jenoside, turasaba ababuze ababo kwihangana no gutekereza ejo hazaza dukorana umwete kugirango twiyubake, kandi turasaba abaturage muri rusange kugira kwibuka ibyabo, bifatanya n’Abacitse ku icumu babafata mu mugongo, kandi bakusanya inkunga zo gufasha abacitse ku icumu batishoboye bari mu midugudu yabo.

Twakwibutsa abasomyi b ’ i k i n y a m a k u r u ICYIZERE ko icyunamo ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Muhanga kizatangirira ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiyumba mu Murenge wa Kiyumba, kigasozerezwa mu Murenge wa Rugendabari kuri Nyabarongo.Naho ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Kamonyi, icyunamo kizatangirira ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi gisorezwe ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugina ruri mu Murenge wa Mugina

Nshimiyimana Emmanuel, Umukozi wa

CNLG Kamonyi – Muhanga

Ikigamijwe n’uko abarokotse bagera aho babasha gushyingura ababo bitabaviriyemo guhungabana


AMAKURU ANYURAN-AMAKURU

Komeza urup 6

Mbanje kubashimira uburyo mwitabiriye iki kiganiro, nkaba kandi mpaye ikaze ibitekerezo muri butange nyuma y’iki kiganiro.

Nk’uko insanganyamatsiko yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 uyu mwaka ibivuga : Kwibuka jenoside yakorewe abatutsi :«Twigire ku mateka, twubaka ejo hazaza», nyuma y’imyaka 18 jenoside ikozwe hari byinshi byakozwe, mu byerekeye ubutabera, by’umwihariko bikozwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, umuryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Hari ingamba nyinshi zagiye zifatwa mu gukurikirana abakoze jenoside n’ubwo ku ruhande rw’amahanga byatwaye imyaka myinshi kugira ngo uburyo twifuzaga ko babikora bugerweho, na n’ubu tukaba tugisaba ko intambwe imaze guterwa yakongerwa kugira ngo abakoze jenoside bose bagezwe imbere y’inzego z’ubutabera.

Urwego rw’ubutabera bw’u

Rwanda.Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda

hari byinshi byakozwe kugirango abakoze jenoside bahanwe, abayikorewe babone ubutabera kandi ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nabwo bugerweho kandi busigasirwe.

Niba mwibuka neza, u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside rwatangiriye kuri “0” rwiyubaka mu nzego zose z’igihugu kuko ubuzima bw’igihugu bwari bwashegeshwe na Jenoside, igihugu kimaze kubura abantu barenga miliyoni n’ibintu bitabarika.

Ibibazo byari m’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda n’ibyakozwe ngo bikemuke

Mu butabera niho ndibwibande, mu bushinjacyaha no mu Nkiko nta bashinjacyaha, nta bacamanza, nta bagenzacyaha, nta banditsi b’inkiko cyangwa ba za parike bari bariho kubera ko bishwe muri jenoside, cyangwa se bamwe muri bo

baragize uruhare mu gukora Jenoside bakaba bari bafunze cyangwa se barahunze ubutabera. Abari bahari nabo bake, byari bigoye guhangana n’ibibazo byari bihari kuko nta bumenyi buhagije mu by’amategeko bari bafite! Nta bikoresho by’ibanze byari bihari, nta nyubako, nta kintu na kimwe cyari gihari byose kwari uguhera ku busa muri rusange!

Ikindi kibazo cyari gihari gikomeye kandi kibabaje ni ukuba u Rwanda rwose rwari rwuzuye imirambo y’abishwe bahowe uko baremwe; ababishe bari aho hanze bidegembya abandi bafunze ndetse bamwe muri bo biyemerera icyaha ariko nta tegeko ribahana rihari!

U Rwanda ntabwo rwari rwarigeze rugira mu mategeko yarwo itegeko rihana icyaha cya Jenoside, kandi iki cyaha bikaba bizwi ko ari icyaha gisumba ibindi byaha kuremera.

Itegeko rihana icyaha cya Jenoside rikaba ryaragiyeho tariki 30/06/1996. Kuba hatari hari itegeko rihana icyaha cya jenoside mu Rwanda na byo biri mu byatumye Jenoside ishyirwa mu bikorwa kuko abayiteguye bari bazi ko nta tegeko rihari rizahana abayikoze, yewe hari n’aho abaturage bagiye bakangurirwa kuyitabira ari benshi kubera ko nta butabera bushobora guhana icyaha kidateganyijwe mu mategeko. Ibi babivugaga bashingiye kw’ihame ry’uko: “igikorwa cyitwa icyaha ari ikiba giteganyijwe n’itegeko kandi cyarateganyirijwe ibihano byanditswe”.

U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 140 byasinye amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’i Geneve yo kw’itariki 9 Ukuboza 1948 yerekeranye no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya Jenoside, rukaba rwaremeye ayo masezerano ruyashyira mu mategeko yarwo kuwa 16 Mata1975. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) gusa igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda cyashyizwe

ahagaragara, ariko icyaha cya Jenoside nticyashyirwa ku rutonde rw’ibyaha ngo hagenwe n’ibihano byahabwa uwakora icyo cyaha.

Ntabwo byumvikana ukuntu igitabo gihana ibyaha mu Rwanda (Penal Code) cyari kujyaho muri 1977 muri icyo gitabo ntihashyirwemo ingingo ihana icyaha cya Jenoside nyamara ibindi byaha bikaba byaritaweho kugeza no ku cyaha cyoroheje nko “gusabiriza”! Ariko ibi byari bifite icyo bivuze kuko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuva kera uhereye 1959, 1963, na 1972, ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe bwagiye bugira uruhare mu gukingira ikibaba abicanyi, cyangwa se abakurikiranyweho ibyaha bakaburanishwa bya nyirarureshwa cyangwa se hagatangwa imbabazi z’itegeko (Amnesty) ku buryo budasobanutse. Aha twavuga nk’imbabazi rusange zatanzwe n’itegeko ku byaha byakozwe tariki 01/10/1959 na 01/07/1962 zivugwa mw’itegeko ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta y’u Rwanda (codes et Lois du Rwanda)1963 p.229 Vol.1, edisiyo ya 2 P.431, n’imbabazi zivugwa mw’itegeko teka ryo kuwa 30/11/1974.

Bimwe mu byakozwe mu kubaka Ubutabera

Kubaka inzego z’ubutabera byarakozwe kandi byari ngombwa kugira ngo igihugu kirangwe n’ubutabera bunoze, uwakoze icyaha akiryozwe, harandurwe umuco wo kudahana himakazwe ubutabera bwunga abanyarwanda.

Hashyizweho Itegeko Ngenga N° 30/96 ryo kuwa 30/08/1996 rihana icyaha cya Jenoside, imanza za Jenoside zitangira kuburanishwa mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1996 mu Rwanda;

Hahuguwe abakozi b’ingeri zose z’urwego rw’ubutabera mu Rwanda kugira ngo ubwo butabera bugerweho. Twavuga nk’amahugurwa

yahawe abagenzacyaha, abashinjacyaha, abacamanza, abanditsi b’inkiko na Parike, mu Nkiko zisanzwe n’inkiko za Gisilikare, k’uburyo kuva mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza 2000, imanza zigera ku 6000 zari zimaze kuburanishwa. Uyu mubare ukaba wari muto ugereranyije n’abantu bagera ku 120.000 bari bafunze bategereje kuburanishwa.

Kubera ko uburyo ubucamanza busanzwe bwakoraga butatangaga igisubizo kinoze mu rwego rwo guhangana n’icyaha cya Jenoside, hatekerejwe ubundi buryo, ni muri urwo rwego hashyizweho inkiko Gacaca kugira ngo zikemure ikibazo cy’abantu benshi bari muri gereza, hakurikiranwe n’abandi benshi bari hanze bidegembya kubera ko inkiko zisanzwe zitari zifite uburyo bwihuse bwo kubaburanisha. Kuri ubu Gacaca ikaba yarakoze ako kazi neza ku buryo hamaze kuburanishwa imanza zirenga miliyoni (1.000.000).

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imibare myinshi y’abantu mu magereza no gushimangira politike y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, hashyizweho Urwego rwa TIG, urwego rushinzwe imirimo nsimburagifungo, aho uwakatiwe afungwa igihe runaka, ikindi gihe agasohoka muri gereza agakora iyo mirimo adafunze.

Ubutabera kandi buzakomeza kuburanisha abakekwaho gukora jenoside batari mu gice cyagombaga kuburanishwa n’inkiko gacaca. Mu gihe inkiko gacaca ziri gusoza imirimo yazo amadosiye zitaburanishije yashyikirijwe ubushinjacyaha nabwo bukazayashyikiriza inkiko zizayaburanisha.

A b a s h i n j a c y a h a , n’abacamanza bamaze kuba abanyamwuga kuko bafite impamyabushobozi zihanitse mu by’amategeko ndetse bakaba barongerewe ubushobozi kugira ngo bashobore guca no gushinja abaregwa jenoside mu buryo bunoze.

Urwego rw’ubutabera by’umwihariko kandi rwongerewe ubushobozi kugirango rukomeze gutanga ubutabera no mu zindi manza zisanzwe zitari iza jenoside.

Mu Bushinjacyaha Bukuru bw’Igihugu hashyizweho ishami rishinzwe gukurikirana abakekwaho gukora icyaha cya Jenoside babarizwa mu mahanga, hakaba hamaze gukorwa amadosiye agera kuri 1087 hakaba hamaze gutangwa inyandiko zisaba ibihugu bacumbitsemo guta muri yombi abakekwaho icyaha cya Jenoside bagera kuri 125 bakoherezwa mu Rwanda cyangwa bakababuranisha. Muri bo abagera kuri 40 bakaba barafashwe, 10 bakaba bamaze gukatirwa n’inkiko zo hanze zababuranishije hatabariwemo aba Arusha. Ububiligi bumaze gukatira 8, Canada 1, Ubuhoholandi 1, nanone muri abo batangiwe mandat d’arret abafashwe bakagarurwa mu Rwanda akaba ari batandatu(6). Batatu (3)bavuye America, babiri (2) Uganda, Zambia umwe (1), Canada umwe (1), abandi barafunze cyangwa barimo kuburanishwa mu budage, Norvege, Ubuholandi na Denmark.

Ubutabera Mpuzamahanga

Ubwo umuryango mpuzamahanga wa Loni “ONU” wari umaze gushyiraho Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha, mu mwanzuro warwo N° 955 wafashwe ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1994, uru rukiko rwahawe inshingano yo guhana abateguye kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.

Ibihugu byose byasabwe gufatanya n’uru rukiko mu gufata no kuburanisha abashakishwaga. Nyamara nyuma y’aho uru rukiko rutangiriye imirimo yarwo na nyuma y’aho ubutabera

Amahanga yatangiye gufata ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Icyizere N°18, Werurwe 20126komeza ku rup. 7

AMAKURU

Amahanga atangiye gufata ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.

bw’u Rwanda butangiriye gushakisha abakoze jenoside bagahungira mu mahanga, hagiye hagaragara ubushake buke mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bwo gushaka gutanga abo bantu ngo boherezwe mu Rwanda cyangwa ku rukiko rw’ Arusha baburanishwe. Aha ntawabura gushima bimwe mu bihugu nka Cameroun, Holland, Zambia, Kenya, Uganda, Congo Kinshasa byafashe abaregwa bikabashyikiriza Urukiko rw’Arusha.

Ahanini impamvu zagiye zitangwa n’ibyo bihugu byangaga gutanga abaregwa nta shingiro zabaga zifite, kuvuga ko ubutabera bw’u Rwanda nta bushobozi bufite bwo kuburanisha ibyo byaha cyangwa ko abaregwa batahabwa ubutabera nyabwo.

N’ubwo izo mpamvu zabaga zifite ibindi bizihishe inyuma, kutazana abo baregwa kuburanira mu Rwanda byari bifite ingaruka kuko abakorewe ibyaha batabona ubutabera bakwiye, Leta y’u Rwanda ntiyacitse intege ahubwo yakomeje kubaka inzego z’ubutabera igamije kuzigeza ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Iby’ingenzi byakozwe byatumye Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bugirirwa icyizere.

Ivugururwa ry’inzego z’ubutabera ryabaye mu mwaka w’2004 ryazanye impinduka nyinshi nziza kuko hashyizweho abakozi bashoboye kandi bafite impamyabushobozi zihanitse mu by’amategeko;

Inkiko z’u Rwanda zaravuguruwe zirigenga kandi zica imanza mu buryo bunoze, utishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko rwamuburanishije akajuririra urwego rukurikira, atanyurwa na none agahabwa amahirwe yo kujuririra urundi rwego (Double appellate jurisdiction);

Hashyizweho inzego

z’ubugenzuzi mu Nkiko no mu Bushinjacyaha zifasha kwihutisha akazi no guca akarengane;

Abakozi b’inkiko n’Ubushinjacyaha bubakiwe ingoro z’ubutabera bakoreramo akazi kabo, bahabwa ibikoresho bihagije bibafasha gutunganya inshingano zabo, ibi bikaba byaratanze umusaruro mu kwihutisha imanza;

Havuguruwe amategeko hagamijwe kuyahuza n’ibihe tugezemo, ashaje asimbuzwa andi, hashyirwaho n’andi yagiye aha abanyarwanda icyizere cy’Ubutabera ndetse n’amahanga. Ay’ingenzi twavuga ni aya akurikira:

Amategeko yashyizweho twavuga Itegeko Ngenga N° 11/2007 ryo kuwa 16/03/2007 rigena kwimurira muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda imanza zivuye mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda n’izivuye mu bindi bihugu;

Hemejwe muri iryo tegeko rivuzwe haruguru ko bene izo manza zivuye hanze zitangirira ku Rukiko Rukuru ku rwego rwa mbere;

Hashyizweho Itegeko Ngenga N°31/2007 ryo kuwa 25/07/2007 rikuraho igihano cyo kwicwa mu mategeko y’u Rwanda;

Hashyizweho Itegeko N° 18/2008 ryo kuwa 23/07/2008 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside;

Itegeko N° 33 bis/2003 ryo kuwa 06/09/2003 rihana icyaha cya Jenoside, ibyaha by’ibasiye inyoko muntu n’ibyaha by’intambara;

H a s h y i z w e h o uburyo bugezweho b w ’ i k o r a n a b u h a n g a bwo gutanga ubuhamya hakoreshejwe ibyuma kabuhariwe (Videolink technology);

Hashyizweho mu nkiko no mu bushinjacyaha amashami ashinzwe gufasha abahohotewe n’abatangabuhamya no kubungabunga umutekano wabo hitabwa ku bibazo byabo (Witness and Victims

Protection Units);Inkiko zo mu bihugu byo

hanze zafashe ibyemezo byo kohereza abakekwaho Jenoside mu Rwanda.

Ubutabera mpuzamahanga bumaze kugirira icyizere Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, ibi bikaba bigaragarira mu byemezo byafashwe n’izo nkiko aho bose bagiye bemeza ko inzitizi zari zihari mbere zatumaga batohereza mu Rwanda abanyarwanda kuhaburanira zavuyeho, muri ibyo byemezo by’inkiko twavuga ibi bikurikira:

Icyemezo cyo kuwa 28/06/2011 cy’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) cyo kohereza Pasiteri Jean UWINKINDI kuburanira mu Rwanda cyemejwe n’Urugereko rw’Ubujulire ku buryo budasubirwaho;

Icyemezo cy’Urukiko rwa Norvege cyo kuwa 11 Nyakanga 2011 cyo kugarura mu Rwanda BANDORA Charles kuza kuhaburanira, kikaba cyaremejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’icyo gihugu;

Icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Uburayi rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu cyo kuwa 27/10/2011 gishyigikira icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa SWEDEN cyo kugarura AHORUGEZE Sylvere kuburanira mu Rwanda;

Icyemezo cya Canada cyagaruye Leon MUGESERA mu Rwanda cyashingiye cyane kuri ibi byemezo uko ari bitatu, ariko nabo mu bushishozi bwabo bakaba barasanze mu Rwanda hari ubutabera, bitandukanye nibyo bamwe bavugaga ko aramutse agaruwe mu Rwanda yakwicwa urubozo (torture).

A b a n y a r w a n d a baburanishijwe hanze y’u Rwanda cyangwa barimo kuburanishwa hanze y’u Rwanda:

ICTR: abaregwa 69 (42 bahamwe n’icyaha ku buryo budasubirwaho, 17 bahamwe n’icyaha ku rwego rwa

mbere barajurira, 10 bagizwe abere,)

Ububirigi: abaregwa 8 (Bose barakatiwe igihano cy’imyaka ku buryo budasubirwaho)

Canada: uregwa 1 (Yakatiwe igihano cya burundu ku buryo ntakuka)

Holland: uregwa i(Yahamwe n’icyaha akatirwa burundu ku buryo ntakuka)

Finland: uregwa 1 (Yahamwe n’icyaha akatirwa burundu arajurira urubanza ruracyarimo)

Germany:uregwa 1(Arimo kuburanishwa)

Abafungiye hanze y’u Rwanda bategereje kuburana:

Ububiligi: 5Ubufaransa: 3Denmark: 1Norvege: 1 Canada: 1Holland: 1Abagaruwe mu Rwanda:Igihugu cya CANADA

cyafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza Leon MUGESERA mu Rwanda kugira ngo aburanishwe n’inkiko z’u Rwanda. Yageze mu Rwanda tariki 24/01/2012. Hari n’ibindi bihugu bimaze kugarura mu Rwanda abakekwaho Jenoside bakaba baramaze kuburanishwa cyangwa barimo kuburana mu nkiko z’ubutabera bw’uRwanda. Aba bakaba baravuye mu bihugu bikurikira: Amerika (03) Uganda (02) Zambia (1).

Amategeko yagiye ashyirwaho mu bihugu by’ iBurayi hagamijwe guhana abakekwaho gukora Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi babarizwa ku butaka bwabo.

Ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi ntabwo bifite itegeko rihana icyaha cya Jenoside mu mategeko yabyo, yewe n’ibiyafite ntabwo ahana Jenoside itarakorewe ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu, ikorewe umwenegihugu wacyo cyangwa ngo ikorwe n’umwene gihugu wabo. U Rwanda mu kohereza inyandiko zisaba ko abakekwaho gukora Jenoside bagarurwa mu Rwanda bagacibwa imanza byagiye bigorana kuko abakoze

Jenoside bavugaga ko bazagirirwa nabi, u Rwanda rwasaba ko ibyo bihugu bibaburanisha hakaba inzitizi y’uko nta tegeko icyo gihugu rifite.

Ibihugu by’iBurayi bimwe na bimwe bimaze kuvugurura amategeko ahana y’ibihugu byabo kugira ngo bashyiremo ingingo zihana icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe n’ahandi hagamijwe guhana abakoze iyakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994. Aha twavuga nk’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza cyari gifite itegeko rihana icyaha cya Jenoside gihereye tariki 1/9/2001 ariko mu mwaka w’2009 nyuma yo gusuzuma ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’u Rwanda, ku baregwa jenoside bari muri icyo gihugu, urukiko rwemeje ko hari impamvu zikomeye zituma bakekwagaho icyaha cya jenoside bakaba bagombye kugikurikiranwaho. Ariko nanone kubera ko ngo batizeye ko boherejwe mu Rwanda nkuko u Rwanda rwabisabye bazabona ubutabera bukwiye, bararekuwe. Ibi ariko byateye abongereza ipfunwe ryo kurekura abantu babona ko bagombye gukurikiranwa kuko hari ibimenyetso bibashinja bikomeye ariko bakaba bidegembya, cyokora bahise bashyiraho mu mategeko yabo itegeko rihana Jenoside ryatangiye gukoreshwa kuva tariki 6/4/2010 ndetse ryahawe ingufu zisubira inyuma (retroactive) guhera mu mwaka w’1991.( The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 which came into force on 6th April 2010).

Ubutabera bw’Ubufaransa nabwo bwatangije umushinga w’itegeko rishyiraho itsinda rishinzwe gukurikirana no kuburanisha icyaha cya Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, n’ibyaha by’intambara ryatowe na Senat kuwa 14 Mata 2011.

( Draft Law on establishment of a Special Unit in the French Legal system to try Genocide, War Crimes, and Crimes against

Ibikurikira urup 5


AMAKURU

Amahanga yatangiye gufata ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Ibikurikira urup 6

humanity voted by the Senate on 14 April 2011).

Ubuhollandi nabwo ni uko, ntibashobora kuburanisha icyaha cya Jenoside kubera ko badafite itegeko ribahana, cyeretse ari Jenoside yakozwe cyangwa igakorerwa umwenegihugu wabo. (Genocide Convention Implementation Act of the Netherlands, entry into force on 18 September 1966).

Ubuhollandi bushingiye ku ngorane bahura nazo kuko badashobora guhana icyaha cya Jenoside, n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, bivuze ko badashobora gukurikiranaho Abanyarwanda Jenoside bakekwaho yakorewe abatutsi muri (1994), cyangwa se abakekwaho ibyaha bakoze muri Srebrenica(1995) Afghanistan(1978-1992)Cambodia (1975-1979) cyangwa se abacyekwaho ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe muri Yogoslavia, aba bose bakaba bihishe mu Buhollandi, Ministeri y’Ubutabera yasanze ibi bitagomba kwihanganirwa itegura umushinga w’Itegeko ukaba ugeze muri Senat, uyu mushinga nuramuka ubaye itegeko uzahana aba bose bavuzwe haruguru ndetse ushobore no kuba babaha ibindi bihugu bibaburanishe, cyangwa bakaba basaba ibihugu bifite bene izo manza nabo bakaziburanisha.

Uburyo amahanga amwe n’amwe afata itegeko rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Nyuma y’aho itegeko N°18/2008 ryo kuwa 23/07/2008 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside rigiriyeho mu Rwanda, imiryango imwe n’imwe mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga ndetse na bamwe mu banyarwanda bakomeje kuyanenga bayavuga uko bishakiye ko yashyizweho mu rwego

rwo kuniga ubwisanzure mu rubuga rwa politiki n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, nk’aho nta handi aba uretse mu Rwanda.

Amategeko iyo ashyirwaho, ashyirwaho hakurikije ibyo igihugu gikeneye gukemura muri icyo gihe cyangwa mu gihe kizaza, akaba ari nayo mpamvu amategeko y’ibihugu yose atagomba gusa kuko ibyo ashyirirwaho biba bitandukanye. Twakwibutsa ko amategeko ahana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ateganyiriza ibihano umuntu wese uzaba werekanye mu magambo, mu nyandiko, mu mashusho, cyangwa mu bundi buryo ko ahakanye Jenoside cyangwa ayipfobeje, cyangwa agerageje gusobanura ishingiro ryayo (justify). Twakwibutsa kandi ko guhana bene abo Bantu atari umwihariko w’itegeko ry’u Rwanda gusa kuko no mu bihugu byateye imbere hari amategeko nk’ayo, yewe anamaze igihe kinini kurusha ay’u Rwanda. Urugero ni nk’itegeko nimero 1891 ryo mu Bufaransa rigenga ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru rivuga ko “Umuntu wese uhakana kimwe cyangwa bimwe mu byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu bivugwa mu ngingo ya 6 y’ibyemezo by’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwa Gisirikare bikubiye mu masezerano y’i London yo kuwa 8 Kanama 1945, byakozwe n’abari abambari b’imitwe y’abagizi ba nabi ivugwa mu ngingo ya 9 y’ibyo byemezo cyangwa byakozwe n’umuntu wabihamijwe n’Urukiko rwo mu Bufaransa cyangwa rwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga azahabwa ibihano bikubiye mu ngingo ya 24 y’iri tegeko.” Aha ni ukuvuga ko uzahakana ibyakozwe n’Abanazi (nazis) n’abambari babo mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi azabihanirwa.

Icyemezo cy’inama y’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ku byaha by’irondaruhu n’ibyo kwanga abanyamahanga (xenophobia) cyo giteganya

ibihano mu bihugu byose bigize uwo muryango ku muntu uzerekana ko yishimiye, ahakanye cyangwa apfobeje ibyaha bya jenoside, ibyibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’intambara biteganywa n’ingingo za 6, 7 n’iya 8 zigenga Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha. Ibihano bikomeye kandi biteganywa n’amategeko yo muri Australia (The Australian National Socialism prohibition Law), mu Bubiligi (Belgian Negationism Law), no muri Israel (The Israel Denial of the Holocaust Law) ku bahakana jenoside yakorewe abayahudi mu ntambara ya Kabiri y’isi.

Luxembourg yo iteganya ibihano ku bahakana itsembabwoko ry’abayahudi (Holocaust) n’andi matsembabwoko yose yemewe ku rwego m p u z a m a h a n g a . Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha yo muri Liechtenstein ateganya ibihano ku muntu wese uhakana, upfobya, cyangwa ushaka gusobanura ishingiro (justify) rya Jenoside cyangwa ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu hakoreshejwe amagambo, inyandiko, amashusho, ikoranabuhanga, ibimenyetso, by’intoki (gestures), ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi n’ibindi.

Mu gihe muri ibyo bihugu hari amagambo atemerewe gukoreshwa, bo babyita kwamagana ihakana rya jenoside cyangwa kurwanya imvugo y’urwango, kuki iyo miryango kandi itayobewe ko ayo mategeko abaho mu burayi yakumva ko mu Rwanda habayemo Jenoside bene iryo tegeko rishyiriweho guhana abayipfobya byakwitwa ko itegeko ryashyiriweho inyungu za politiki ? Ivangura n’amacakubiri byabibwe n’abari abategetsi b’u Rwanda kuva mumyaka ya 1959 kugeza muri 1994 byatumye bamwe mubayobotse iyo ideology

bakurana nayo ituma bakora jenoside cyangwa bashaka kuyipfobya, ni nayo mpamvu itegeko ryagiyeho kugira ngo rihane uwaba afite iyo ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Gusa ibyo ntibivuze ko aho ryaba ryanditse nabi ritakosorwa, iyo ni process isanzwe mu mategeko.

Umusozo : Amahanga yabeshywe cyera ariko atangiye kumenya ukuri.

Kubera uburemere bw’icyaha cya jenoside n’ingaruka zacyo, hari ibyafashe igihe kinini kugirango bishobore gusobanuka, hari benshi bashatse kugobeka amateka yewe bashaka no kugaragaza ko nta Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda ko habaye gusubiranamo kw’amoko, ariko amahanga yarashyize amenya ukuri, ubu ntawe ugishidikanya ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyeretse udashaka kubyemera gusa.

Mu rubanza rwa Akayezu rwo muri 1998 mu Rukiko mpanabyaha m p u z a m a h a n g a rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha hemejwe ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside, no mu mwanzuro wa Loni N°.955 wafashwe ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1994 ugaha Urukiko (ICTR) inshingano yo guhana abateguye kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa genocide.

Habeshywe nanone ko mu Rwanda nta butabera buhari, ko ntawavanwa hanze ngo azacirwe urubanza ku buryo bunoze ariko ibyo na byo Leta y’u Rwanda yabigaragarije amahanga kuburyo ubu urwego rw’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda rwizewe n’amahanga ibyo bikagaragarira mu byemezo byavuzwe haruguru ayo mahanga yafashe yohereza abantu hano.

Ikindi kinyoma cyari cyarahawe intebe kandi gikwirakwizwa n’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, n’uko abakoze jenoside

aho bamariye kubona ko ibyaha bya jenoside bakoze bagomba kuzabibazwa imbere y’ubutabera, bashatse kujijisha bahimba ko ngo iraswa ry’indege y’uwari perezida w’u Rwanda ko ari ryo ryabaye intandaro ya jenoside.

Ibi babivuze bagamije kubeshya ko jenoside itateguwe kandi ibimenyetso by’uburyo yateguwe bigaragarira buri wese. N’ ubwo iki kinyoma bagiye bacyongeraho ko iyo indege yaba yararashwe n’abasikirikare bahoze ari aba FPR, amahanga ntiyabyemeye kuko hari hategerejwe ko umunsi umwe abahanga mu by’iperereza ku mpanuka z’indege bazashyira bakagaragaza ukuri.

Byatwaye imyaka myinshi ariko ukuri kwatangiye kugaragara aho mu minsi ishize muri Raporo y’abacamanza Trevidic na Nathalie Poux batangaje ko iperereza bakoze rishingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika byagaragaje ko abarashe iyo ndege bari mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Ibi byaje bishimangira ibyo leta y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda yatangaje kuva nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ko iryo hanurwa ryaba ryarakozwe n’abari mu mugambi wo gukora jenoside.

Ibi byose tumaze kubagaragariza bikaba byerekana ko ibihugu by’amahanga bimaze gutera intambwe ishimishije mu kumenya neza uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa, akaba ariyo mpamvu ibyo bihugu byahagurukiye gufatanya n’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo ababigizemo uruhare bakurikiranwe.

Murakoze.NDLR: Iki ni kimwe mu biganiro bizatangwa mu gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18. Ibindi biganiro murabisanga

ku urup.12-16


AMAKURU

Muri iki gihe twibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, turagirango tubagezeho ibi bikurikira b y a z i f a s h i s h w a hirya no hino.

1.Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka

Insanganyamatsiko yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi uyu mwaka wa 2012 nk’uko yemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri yo ku wa 13/01//2012 iteye itya:

Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi: Twigire ku mateka, twubaka ejo hazaza.

Commemorating the genocide against Tutsi: Let’s learn from our history to shape a bright future.

2.Aho imihango yo kwibuka izabera

a.Ku rwego rw’Igihugu

Imihango izabera kuri Sitade Amahoro, i Remera, Umujyi wa Kigali

b.Ahandi mu gihugu

Ibikorwa byose byo kwibuka bizajya bibera mu midugudu ari imihango y’itariki ya 7/4/2012, ibiganiro, filimi n’ibindi bikorwa bijyanye no kwibuka.

3.Ibiganiro

Hari ibiganiro binyuranye byateguwe bikazatangwa ku nzego zinyuranye: Mu midugudu, mu bigo, mu mashuri, ku maradiyo, televiziyo, ibinyamakuru, mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo.

4.Ibisabwa Ubuyobozi

Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima zifatanyije

na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, Itorero ry’Igihugu, Uturere, Imirenge, Utugari n’imidugudu bazakora ibi bikurikira:

•Guteganya no kumenyesha abantu aho ibiganiro bizabera;

• G u s h i s h i k a r i z a A b a t u r a r w a n d a kwitabira ibiganiro;

• G u s h i s h i k a r i z a abantu kuzira ku gihe;

• G u t a n g i z a ibiganiro hakiri kare (guhera saa munani);

•Gutoranya no gutegura abazatanga ibiganiro babishoboye;

•Guteganya abafasha mu by’ihungabana.

Icyitonderwa.

•Inzego z’ibanze zirasabwa gutegura neza aho imihango yo kwibuka izabera n’aho ibiganiro bizatangirwa no gushishikariza abaturage kubyitabira bose no gutanga ibitekerezo.

•Ku bijyanye na gahunda z’umugoroba w’icyunamo ndetse na ku manywa, turasaba inzego zose cyane izishinzwe umutekano n’izifasha mu bijyanye n’ihungabana, kwita cyane ku bantu bazagira ikibazo cy’ihungabana n’ubundi bufasha buzaba bukenewe muri ako kanya.

•Ibisabwa ibigo byose, amashuri, amadini......:

•Kwibuka abari abakozi babo, abayoboke, abanyeshuri n’abandi bose baba bariciwe muri ibyo bigo;

•Gushaka amazina, amateka, amafoto y’abaguye muri ibyo bigo ndetse no gushyira plaque iriho ibyo byose bakanahibukira bifatanyije n’imiryango yabo;

•Kumenya no kwegera buri gihe imiryango y’abo bantu bishwe muri

Jenoside kugira ngo babafashe uko bashoboye;

•Gusaba gutegura gahunda zo kwibuka hakiri kare kandi bikazajya bikorwa mu masaha ya kare. Iyi gahunda irareba n’ibigo byose ko byazajya bitegura gahunda n’imihango yo kwibuka hakiri kare mu masaha ya ku manywa cyangwa nimugoroba ariko bitarenze saa yine (22h00) z’ijoro.( byumwihariko MINEDUC n’abayobozi ba za AERG mu mashuri).

•Gukangurira inzego n’Abaturarwanda muri rusange gufasha no gufatanya n’imiryango y’ababuze ababo batishoboye mu bikorwa bifatika ndetse n’abishoboye mu rwego rwo kubaba hafi. Muri rusange ikigo cyareba ibyo cyafashisha izo mpfubyi n’abapfakazi ba Jenoside mu buryo burambye (urugero rwo kubaha inka).....

•Gusura no gutera inkunga inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino mu Gihugu ndetse no hanze y’U Rwanda.

5.Ibisabwa Abaturarwanda

•Kwitabira imihango yose, n’ibiganiro no kubitangaho ibitekerezo;

•Kugera ku gihe ahabera ibiganiro n’imihango yo kwibuka;

• G u s h i s h i k a r i z a Abaturarwanda bose kwerekana ahaba hakiri imibiri y’abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira ngo nayo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro.

6.Ibisabwa abazatanga ibiganiro

•Aho bishoboka kuba agifitemo ubumenyi bwihariye (umutekano, i h u n g a b a n a , . . . . ) ;

•Kugisoma akacyumva;

•Kukigira icye;•Gukuramo ibitekerezo

bigari yageza kubo abwira;•Gukoresha ururimi

n’imvugo byumvikana;• K u g i h u z a

n’ i n s a n g a nya m a t s i ko ;• K u d a k e r e r w a ;• K u t a r a m b i r a n a

(Ikiganiro ntigikwiye kurenza iminota 30);

•Guha abamwumva urubuga rw’ibitekerezo, ibibazo, ibyifuzo, i n a m a . . . . . . ;

•Ikiganiro no kungurana ibitekerezo ntibikwiye kurenza amasaha atatu.

7.Ibindi bikorwa muri rusange

Uretse ibiganiro, hari ibindi bikorwa bisanzwe bikorwa mu cyunamo ndetse na mbere yaho bizakomeza. A b a t u r a r w a n d a basabwa kubifatanya.

a.Mbere y’icyunamo

•Tariki ya 31/03/2012 hazaba umuganda rusange aho Abaturarwanda bazaganira ku myiteguro y’icyunamo (imyitwarire n ’ i m v u g o , . . . . . )

•Tariki ya 01 /04/2012, hazaba ikiganiro “ kubaza bitera kumenya” kizahita kuri Radiyo na Televiziyo. Abaturarwanda basabwe kucyitabira, kugikurikira no gutanga ibitekerezo.

•Tariki ya 05-06/04/2012, hateganyijwe Inama Mpuzamahanga kuri Jenoside izabera kuri Serena Hotel mu mujyi wa Kigali. Insanganyamatsiko yayo izaba iteye itya:

“ U b u h a m y a n’Ibitekerezo kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’Imyaka 18.”

“ 18 years after the Genocide perpetrated against Tutsi: Testimonies and reflection”.

b. Mu cyunamo•Tariki ya 7/4/2012,

Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mata 2012Ubutumwa bugenewe Abaturarwanda

imihango yo kwibuka ku rwego rw’Igihugu izabera kuri Stade Amahoro, i Remera, Umujyi wa Kigali;

•Ahandi, imihango izabera mu midugudu hose mu Rwanda, usibye abari mu midugudu izatoranywa kujya kuri Stade Amahoro;

•Saa sita (12h00) hazaba umunota wo kunamira inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi;

•Umugoroba w’icyunamo uzabera kuri Sitade Amahoro no mu midugudu;

•Tariki za 08 kugera 12/4/2012 hazaba ibikorwa binyuranye byo kwibuka n’ibiganiro (mu midugudu, mu bigo, ku maradiyo, televiziyo, mu binyamakuru );

•Tariki ya 13/04/2012, gusoza icyunamo ku rwego rw’Igihugu hamwe no kwibuka Abanyapolitiki bazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bizabera i Rebero, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali;

•Kuva tariki ya 14/4/2012 kugeza 03/07/2012, hazakomeza ibikorwa byo kwibuka. Inzego za Leta n’Abaturarwanda basabwe kwitabira no gufasha muri izo gahunda zose;

•Aho kwibuka bibera hagomba kumenyeshwa inzego z’ibanze, iz’ubuzima n ’ i z ’ u m u t e k a n o .

Icyitonderwa

•Kwegera no gufasha abacitse ku icumu nabyo bizakomeza hirya no hino;

•Gushyingura mu cyubahiro nabyo bikorwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose imibiri ibonetse bidategereje icyunamo;

•Gusura inzibutso nabyo ni igikorwa gihoraho.

Bikorewe i Kigali ku wa 07/03/2012

(se)MUCYO Jean de Dieu

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa


AMAKURU

Imyiteguro yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mata 1994 mu Turere twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke

Mu karere ka Nyamasheke

Akarere ka Nyamasheke imyiteguro imaze igihe yaratangiye, aho batangiye gutegura ibikorwa bizakorwa mu cyunamo, ibizakenerwa, abazategura ibyo bikorwa, aho bizakorerwa ndetse n’ibindi byose bijyanye na gahunda y’icyunamo.

Twegereye Umuyobozi wungirije w’Akarere ushinzwe Imibereho myiza Madamu GATETE Catherine tumubaza aho imyiteguro yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igeze atubwira ko imyiteguro bayigeze kure ko batangiye hakiri kare. Yatubwiye muri aya magambo: “Hatangiye gukorwa amanama haba hano ku rwego rw’Akarere ndetse no mu Mirenge

Nkuko bisanzwe bigenda, iyo icyunamo cyegereje imyiteguro itangira hakiri kare hirya no hino mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo. Mu Karere ka Nyamasheke naho batangiye imyiteguro yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.

igize Akarere kugira ngo imyiteguro itangire hakiri kare igihe cy’icyunamo kizagere twararangije kwitegura gahunda inoze.

Izo nama tukaba dutumiramo inzego zose bireba harimo izishinzwe umutekano(ingabo na polisi), inzego z’ubuzima, abahagarariye Ibuka na Avega ku rwego rw’Akarere ndetse no Mirenge batumira inama bakurikije amatariki abanogeye. Hari kandi n’amanama yateguwe dukorana n’abacitse ku icumu bo muri aka Karere baba mu mujyi wa Kigali kugira ngo nabo tubashe kungurana ibitekerezo mu gutegura icyunamo”.

Yongeraho ko icyo bategereje ari ibiganiro byari bitaroherezwa ngo babishyikirize abagomba kubitanga hakiri kare. Akomeza avuga ko basabye

Imirenge kubagezaho “devis” y’ibizakenerwa mu gutegura icyunamo. Cyane cyane bibanze ku birebana n’inzibutso kugira ngo zikorerwe amasuku ndetse nizikeneye gusanwa bikorwe hakiri kare.

Yatubwiye kandi ko hari komite mu midugudu zishinzwe gutegura icyunamo zigomba kubagezaho gahunda zose uko ziteye harimo kohereza urutonde rw’amasite azibukirwaho, kohereza urutonde rw’abajyanama b’ihungabana kugira ngo barebe ko bahagije babona badahagije bagahugura abandi kugira ngo bazakumire ibibazo by’ihungabana.

Muri iki gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kandi mu Karere ka Nyamasheke bazashyingura imibiri yabonetse hirya no hino mu mirenge. Aho ni

Mu Murenge wa Kagano hazashyingurwa imibiri 7, Mahembe 13, Shangi2, Macuba 5, Bushenge 1 na Kirimbi hazashyingurwa umubiri 1. Uretse iyo

mibiri kandi hari n’indi mibiri irenga 22 000 izashyingurwa mu rwibutso rwa Gihombo ariko itariki ntiramenyekana kuko inyubako y’urwo rwibutso itararangira neza.

Tumumubajije aho inyubako igeze yadusubije ko bari mu mirimo ya nyuma (finissage) ko mu byumweru bibiri bizaba byarangiye ko ahubwo igikorwa kigiye gukurikiraho ari icyo kuzikura no gutunganya iyo mibiri izashyingurwa. Yatubwiye kandi ko amatariki bazashyinguriraho iyo mibiri mu rwibutso rwa Gihombo ndetse n’iyabonetse muri iriya Mirenge ataramenyekana ariko ko igomba gushyingurwa muri iriya minsi ijana(100) yo kwibuka.

Mu karere ka RUSIZI

Mu Karere ka Rusizi, imyiteguro yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Werurwe aho habaye inama ya mbere yo gutegura kwibuka ikaba yarahuje Inama y’umutekano itaguye y’Akarere, abahagarariye inzego z’Umutekano (ingabo na polisi), abahagarariye Avega na Ibuka mu Karere, n’abahagarariye imiryango y’abacitse ku icumu

Iyo nama yabaye ku itariki 7/03/2012 yabereye mu cyumba cy’inama cya Hotel D’Frank mu mujyi wa Kamembe. Muri iyo nama bakaba barunguranye ibitekerezo ku bijyanye na gahunda zo kwibuka, ibizakorwa n’ibindi. Bavuze ibijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka, bavuga ko kwibuka bizabera mu Midugudu. Ku rwego rw’Akarere bavuze

ko icyunamo kizatangirira mu Murenge wa Nkanka (ahari urwibutso abaturage b’uwo Murenge biyubakiye ubwabo hakaba haranaguye abantu benshi) kikazasorezwa mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye.

Uretse iyo nama yabaye kandi ku rwego rw’Akarere hateganyijwe n’izindi , iyari iteganyijwe ku itariki ya 21/03/2012 yagombaga guhuza abanyamabanga n s h i n g w a b i k o r w a b’Imirenge hamwe n’abahagarariye Ibuka na Avega mu Mirenge. Ariko n’Imirenge nayo yashishikarijwe gutegura amanama ku matariki yayo.

Indi nama yari iteganyijwe ku itariki ya 27/03/2012 igomba guhuza abayobozi b’ibitaro n’ab’ibigo nderabuzima ndetse n’abajyanama b’ihungabana kugira ngo barebere hamwe uko igikorwa cy’ubujyanama cyategurwa. Ibi byatangajwe n’Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu Karere ka Rusizi Madamu NIRERE Francoise wari uyoboye iyo nama.

Mu bijyanye no kwitegura kandi kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Akarere ka Rusizi karimo gutegura film documentaire izerekanwa mu gihe cy’icyunamo y i t w a ” I C Y I Z E R E CY’ABACITSE KU ICUMU”. Iyo filme ikaba izagaragaza intera abacitse ku icumu bagezeho biyubaka nyuma y’imyaka cumi n’umunani Jenoside ibaye. Igaragaza icyizere cy’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza ku bacitse ku icumu.

Philomène MUSENGIMANA

CNLG RUSIZI/NYAMASHEKE

Muri No 17 y ’ i k i n y a m a k u r u Icyizere, ku rupapuro rwa 7, ku ifoto iherekeje inkuru yitwa « Maniriho yahujwe n’umuryango we… » : abantu bagaragara ku ifoto(twongeye kugaragaza hano), bose ntabwo ari abo mu muryango wa Maniriho.

Mu bantu bicaye imbere, uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso, ni Mwesigwa David,

Dukosore

umukozi wa Komisiyo y’igihugu wari woherejwe muri ubwo butumwa bwo gushyikiriza umwana

sekuru n’abandi bo mu muryango.

Ubwanditsi


AMAKURU

Inyungu zo kwandikisha zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku rutonde rw’umurage ndangamateka w’isi

Iyo nyungu umuntu ayumva neza amaze

kumenya imvo n’imvano yo kwandikisha umurage ndangamuco, n d a n g a m a t e k a n’umurage kamere ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi.

Imvano yabaye umushinga wa Misiri, wo kubaka urugomero r w ’ a m a s h a n y a r a z i (barrage s’Assouan) mu 1960. Icyo gihe kurwubaka rwari gusenya inyubako n d a n g a m a t e k a z ’ u r u s e n g e r o rw’Umwami Ramsès II rwo mu 1070 mbere ya Yesu, aho rwari mu kibaya. Mu 1959, UNESCO yaje guhuruza amahanga kugira ngo bashobore kurengera ubutunzi n’ibindi bintu byari birugize. Amahanga yatanze miliyoni 80 z’amadolari, iyo nyubako irimurwa yubakwa ahandi.

Mu 1965 Perezidansi y’Amerika (Maison Blanche) yateguye inama mpuzamahanga yo gushyiraho ikigega cyajya gifasha k u b u n g a b u n g a ahantu mberajisho

ndetse n’inzibutso ndangamateka ;

Mu 1968, ishyirahamwe m p u z a m a h a n g a ry’umutungo kamere (Union Mondiale pour la Nature) naryo ryatanze igitekerezo nk’icyo ku banyamuryango baryo mu nama yari yabereye i Stockholm ho muri Suwedi;

Mu 1972, UNESCO yaje gutegura amasezerano ajyanye no kurengera

umurage ndangamuco, ndangamateka n’umurage kamere yemejwe n’inama rusange yawo tariki 16 ugushyingo 1972.

Kuva icyo gihe, ibihugu bigize uwo muryango byatangiye kwandikisha umurage wabyo ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi. Kugeza ubu, urwo rutonde ruriho ibimenyetso ndangamuco, ndangamateka n’umurage kamere bigera kuri 936. Muri ibyo byose, Afurika ifitemo ibimenyetso 82 gusa, ni ukuvuga 9%. Iyo turebye mu Karere, Kenya ifitemo 6, Tanzaniya 7, Uganda 3, Uburundi 10 ariko biri ku rutonde rw’agateganyo, u Rwanda nta na kimwe.

Kugira ngo umurage n d a n g a m u c o , ndangamateka cyangwa kamere ushyirwe kuri

uru rutonde ni uko igihugu gitegura dosiye hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya UNESCO. Iyo dosiye isuzumwa ikanemezwa na komite igizwe n’ibihugu 21 biterana muri Kamena cyangwa Nyakanga buri mwaka.

Ibyakozwe mu Rwanda

URwanda rwabaye u m u y a m u r y a n g o w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku burezi, ubuhanga n’Umuco UNESCO, kuva mu 1963. Rwaje gushyira umukono ku masezerano yawo yiswe ayo mu 1972 ajyanye no kurengera umurage w’isi ndangamuco n’umurage w’isi kamere mu Ukuboza 2000. Kuva icyo gihe rwatangiye gutekereza ukuntu zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata-Nyakanga 1994 zashyirwa ku rutonde rw’umurage ndangamateka w’isi.

Mu 2004, Minisiteri ifite umuco mu nshingano n’ a b a f a t a nya b i k o r w a bayo bateguye igikorwa cyo kubarura mu gihugu cyose, ibigize umurage ndangamuco, ndangamateka ndetse n’umurage kamere.

Muri Gicurasi 2004, inzego tekiniki z’u Rwanda, zibifashijwemo n’impuguke ya UNESCO yaje guteranira i Gihindamuyaga muri Huye, yemeza inzibutso zigomba kwandikishwa harimo n’inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

N’ubwo imyaka yari ishize ari myinshi iyi dosiye isa n’idatekerezwaho, tariki 09 Gashyantare uyu mwaka, nibwo Komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) yamurikiye abafatanyabikorwa bayo umushinga w’inyandiko

isaba UNESCO gushyira zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, ku rutonde rw’umurage ndagamateka y’isi. Izo nzibutso ni urwa Nyamata mu Bugesera, urwa Murambi i Nyamagabe n’urwa Gisozi i Kigali.

Kwandikisha izi nzibutso mu Murage ndangamateka w’isi bifitiye igihugu

akamaroInyungu ni uko

UNESCO ifasha Urwanda mu rwego rwa tekiniki rwo gufata neza ibimenyetso bya Jenoside; igafasha igihugu kubungabunga inzibutso n’ibizigize; ihugura abashinzwe gucunga inzibutso;

ishishikariza ibindi bihugu biwugize kurwanya Jenoside n ’ i n g e n g a b i t e k e r e z o yayo nkuko ibikora kuri jenoside y’Abayahudi ; kandi igafasha igihugu gusana inzibutso mu gihe hagize icyorezo kizangiza.

Inzibutso uRwanda rwifuza kwandikisha mu Murage ndangamateka w’isi rwasabwaga kugaragaza amazina yazo, aho ziherereye mu Rwanda no ku ikarita y’isi, n’imiterere yazo.

Ibyo byarakozwe. Inzibutso za Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi, ni ingero zifatika

z’ubwicanyi n’amarorerwa ndengakamere byakorewe inyokomuntu mu Rwanda mu 1994,ni ubuhamya nyakuri bw’ibyabaye mu Rwanda umuryango mpuzamahanga urebera;ni ikimenyetso cy’ubushake bw’u Rwanda rushya rwo kubaho mu mahoro nta Jenoside ukundi;

ni ahantu abantu bibukira jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aho ukutoroherena kwa muntu kwatumye Abatutsi, nk’igice cy’Abanyarwanda, bicwa bazira uko baremwe;

ni ahantu umuntu wese uhasuye afatira umugambi wo gukumira jenoside ngo ntikabeho ukundi mu Rwanda ndetse n’ahandi hose ku isi.

kwandikisha ku rutonde rwa UNESCO zimwe mu nzibutso za jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ni igikorwa cyiza u Rwanda ruzaba rugezeraho, kuko azaba ari uburyo bwo gufatanya n’amahanga k u b u n g a b u n g a inzibutso, ibimenyetso bizirimo ndetse no kurwanya Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.

BUTOTO JeanCNLG Rwamagana-

Kayonza

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi.

Inyubako ndangamateka z’urusengero rw’umwami Ramses.


AMAKURU

Kuki hakomeza kuboneka ibibazo by’abantu bakurwa ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu bafashwa na FARG

Kugeza ubu mu Mirenge imwe n’imwe igize

Akarere ka Gakenke h a r a c y a g a r a g a r a abantu bakuwe cyangwa bashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu cyangwa se ukumva ngo hari abari ku rutonde b a s h i d i k a n y w a h o , hamwe na hamwe ugasanga bishobora guteza ubwumvikane bucye kuko abantu baba batabyumvikanaho.

Ibi bibazo twahuye nabyo mu Mirenge yo mu Karere ka Gakenke. Usanga hakunze kugaragara abakurwa ku rutonde rw’abagenerwabikorwa ba FARG kuko batacitse ku icumu. Nyamara kugeza ubu ntitwumva havugwa ababa barashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abagenerwa bikorwa batabikwiye kuko bishoboye. Aha umuntu akibaza niba abongabo badahari koko, cyangwa niba bakingirwa ikibaba. Ikindi ni uko hari abo abacitse ku icumu ubwabo baba batemeranywaho ko bacitse ku icumu.

Ariko se biterwa n’iki ?

Hari ushyirwa ku rutonde rw’abagenerwabikorwa kuko hari ufite icyo amutezeho (ataracitse ku icumu), cyangwa akaba yaracitse ku icumu ariko yishoboye. Amashyari na munyangire nabyo bishobora gutuma umuntu avanwa ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu batishoboye, hakerekanwa ko runaka (wacitse ku icumu) atacitse ku icumu koko, kugira ngo atabona ubufasha bwagenewe abacitse ku icumu

batishoboye. Ku bafite abana

b ’ a b a n y e s h u r i bashobora kugurira ababishinzwe kugira ngo bazabashyirire cyangwa b a z a b a s h y i r i s h i r i z e umwana ku rutonde rw’abagenerwabikorwa ba FARG.

Byaba se ari ukutamenya uwacitse ku icumu uwo ariwe cyangwa harimo no kwijijisha. Ikigaragara ni uko hari igihe uwavanywe ku rutonde akubwira ko yarenganyijwe bikaba ngombwa ko umuntu yifashisha itegeko kugira ngo uvuga ko yarenganyijwe ahabwe ibisobanuro, yumve impamvu yavanywe ku rutonde.

Ubufasha bugenerwa abacitse ku icumu, ariko batishoboye : Nibyo bigenwa n’itegeko

Itegeko NO 02/98 ryo ku wa 22/01/1998 rishyiraho ikigega cya Leta cyagenewe gutera inkunga abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside batishoboye, rivuga ko uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside ari umuntu wasimbutse Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 1994, yari igamije kurimbura abantu n’ibyabo kubera ubwoko bwabo, kubera ibitekerezo by’abo bafitanye isano, cyangwa byabo bwite bidashyigikiye Jenoside. Ukurikije ibibazo bigenda biboneka by’abakurwa ku rutonde ukaba wakwibaza niba ari ukwirengagiza iryo tegeko cyangwa niba ari ukutarimenya.

Kuko kugeza ubu haracyari abantu bumva ko igihe mu muryango hari umuntu watotejwe azira Jenoside

nyuma akaza kwicwa, abo yasize bose baba bararokotse Jenoside mu gihe itegeko risobanura neza ko agomba kuba yarahizwe azira ubwoko cyangwa ibitekerezo bidashyigikiye Jenoside. Ibi byose hari abantu batari babisobanukirwa neza kandi bikaba ari bimwe mu bishobora gukomeza gutera ibibazo igihe cyose bidasobanuwe neza, cyane cyane igihe habayeho gahunda yo kwemeza urutonde rw’abagenerwabikorwa ba FARG.

Aha dutanze nk’urugero, hari igihe usanga mu muryango barishe nk’umugore ( kuko ariwe wahigwaga) ariko abana be ntibahigwe(mu muco nyarwanda abana bitirirwaga ubwoko bwa ba se), mbese bakaba batarigeze babura umutekano mu gihe cya Jenoside. Icyo gihe ntiwavuga ko abo bana barokotse Jenoside kandi batarigeze bahigwa. Kugira ngo umuntu yitwe uwarokotse ni uko aba yasimbutse icyari kigiye kumuhitana.

Ku buryo bufatika, iki kibazo twahuye nacyo mu Murenge wa Mataba ho mu Karere ka Gakenke, aho umuryango wavugaga ko bawuvanye ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu. Impamvu yatumye bawuvanaho akaba ari uko abandi bacitse ku icumu bo muri uwo murenge bavugaga ko muri uwo muryango mu gihe cya Jenoside bahize umugore ndetse bakanamwica ariko ko ari umugabo ari n’abana batigeze bahigwa.

Ariko ku ruhande rw’umugabo, we akaba yaravugaga ko kuba umugore we yarazize jenoside byakagombye

kumuha uburenganzira kuri we n’abana be bwo kwitwa abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside ndetse bakanahabwa inkunga zagenewe abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside batishoboye.

Ibi rero byakagombye kutwereka ko tudakwiye kurenganya abakora uru rutonde gusa ahubwo n’abayobora iki gikorwa bari bakwiye kujya babanza bagasobanurira abakwiye kujya ku rutonde, (uko itegeko ribivuga) ntibishyiremo ko babizi, kuko kwigisha ni uguhozaho.

Uretse ko tutakwibagirwa ko hari n’ababikora bigiza nkana. Icyo byamara n’uko byajya bituma abantu bakomeza gutanga ibibazo bavuga ko bakuwe ku rutonde bagabanuka kuko icyo gihe baba babisobanuriwe bihagije. Gusa ibi ntibyatuma hagira uwirara kuko iki kibazo Leta y’u Rwanda yaragihagurukiye ku buryo kugeza ubu ugaragaweho no gushyira cyangwa gukura abantu ku rutonde batabikwiye azajya abyirengera kandi akabihanirwa n’amategeko.

Mu bihe bishize abantu bashyirwaga ku rutonde binyuze mu nzira

zidahwitse

Nko mu myaka yashize byagiye bigaragara cyane aho wasangaga umuntu agurira undi inzoga kugira ngo amushyirire cyangwa amushyirishirize umwana ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu ahabwe ubufasha bwa FARG. Hamwe na gahunda ya Leta yo kurwanya ruswa, iki kibazo cyagiye kigabanuka ndetse bikaba bigaragara ko

kizanashira burundu, ariko ntitwirare ngo duterere agati mu ryinyo kuko hari abagifite umutima wo gushaka guhabwa ibitabakwiriye.

Hari abantu bigorana kumenya inkomoko yabo kugira ngo niba baramukuye ku rutonde akemurirwe ikibazo atarenganyijwe. Nta bundi buryo umuntu yamenya ko naka yacitse ku icumu atamenye inkomoko ye. Iyo umuntu abashije kubona amakuru ahagije kuri uwo muntu nta cyatuma ukuri kutagaragara. Kugira ngo twirinde ibibazo bishobora kuvuka bikaba byatera inzangano mu bantu ni ngombwa ko twajya dushaka amakuru ahagije kugira ngo hatagira uwishyiramo umuntu ngo yamukurishije ku rutonde kandi koko arengana; ahubwo ari uko atashatse amakuru neza cyangwa se hakaba hari uwashyirwa ku rutonde atabikwiye ari uko batabanje ngo bamumenye neza.

Ubu Leta y’u Rwanda, muri gahunda yayo ya girinka munyarwanda, n’abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntiyabibagiwe, ibi bikaba byari bikwiye kubafasha kwiteza imbere bakivana mu bukene bakareka gukomeza kwitwa abatishoboye. Reka twizere ko hari icyo bizahindura ku rutonde rw’abacitse ku icumu batishoboye b a k a g a b a n u k a , abakwiriye gufashwa bagafashwa ku buryo bubagirira akamaro.

Mukamukesha Julienne

CNLG/ Gakenke-Ngororero.


AMAKURU

Bimwe mu bimenyetso byaranze amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda

a

Byanditwe na Prof Faustin RUTEMBESAProf Laurent NKUSIProf Paul RUTAYISIREErnest MUTWARASIBO

1. Intangiriro

Hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994, Umuryango nyarwanda wayogojwe na Jenoside yahitanye abantu barenga Miliyoni. Mu gihe Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi, abantu barenga miliyoni barishwe mu Rwanda. Ubwo ubwicanyi bwabaga hari bamwe mu banyapolitiki, mu banditsi, mu banyamakuru, mu banyamadini n’abandi, mu mahanga no mu Rwanda, bihutiye kuvuga ko ibyaberaga mu Rwanda atari Jenoside, ko ahubwo yari intambara y’amoko yasubiranagamwo.

Ariko nk’uko bizwi, Jenoside ntijya iba mu buryo bw’impanuka. Irategurwa kandi ikagira n’ibyo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ryuririraho. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nayo yarateguwe. Yateguriwe ahanini mw’iyubakwa rya politiki yerekanaga ko Abatutsi ari ikibazo ku mutekano wa Leta nyarwanda ya nyuma y’Ubukoroni, ko ari abanyamahanga kandi ko babangamiye iterambere n’imibereho by’Abahutu iyo Leta yerekanaga ko ari bo ishingiraho ubutegetsi bwayo.

Muri iki kiganiro, turifuza kugaruka kuri bimwe mu bimenyetso byaranze amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ntitugamije kwerekana amateka yose y’iyo jenoside. Inyandiko nyinshi zanditse ku ngingo nyinshi zayo. Icyo tugamije ni ugutanga ishusho ihinnye y’ibyashingirwaho mu kumva no gusobanura bimwe mu byaranze itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.

2. Gusobanura amwe mu magambo mashya akoreshwa

muri iyi nyandiko

Mbere yo gutangira iki kiganiro twashakaga kubanza gusobanura amagambo ‘jenoside’ n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside’. Ijambo ‘jenoside’ ryahanzwe n’umucamanza w’umunyamerika, wakomotse muri Pologne, Raphaël LEMKIN ashingiye ku ijambo ry’ikigereki genos rivuga ubwoko cyangwa

inkomoko, hamwe n’iry’ikilatini cãedere risobanura kwica. Raphaeil Lemkin ashinga iri jambo yashakaga kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya jenoside n’ibindi byaha ndengakamere byibasira inyoko muntu (Crime contre l’humanité ou Crime against humanity). Icyi cyaha rishingiye ku mugambi wo kurimbura burundu abantu bo mu bwoko, bo mw’idini cyangwa batuye ahantu runaka. Ntabwo abantu barimburwa baba bazize y’uko bari ku rugamba cyangwa ngo bahorwe ibindi byaha. Ahubwo bahorwa gusa icyo baricyo. Mu byukuri, abakora jenoside nibo bashinga ibiranga abo bashaka kurimbura.

Naho Ijambo ‘Ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside’ ryinjiye mu mvugo y’Abanyarwanda nyuma ya 1994. Rikoreshwa hagamijwe gusobanura ukuntu jenoside yashoboye kuba mu gihugu runaka. Mu Rwanda, ijambo ‘ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside’ rikubiyemo umugambi wo kumva uko abantu batabarika bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo no gusobanukirwa ukuntu abandi bantu benshi bemeye umugambi w’ubwicanyi kandi bakemera kuwushyira mu bikorwa. Iryo jambo rikoreshwa hagamijwe guhamagarira abantu ngo bikingire kandi bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo, n’imyifatire cyangwa ibikorwa bishobora guhembera jenoside.

Muri make, twavuga ko ‘ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside’ ari urusobe rw’ibitekerezo n’imyumvire bifite ububasha bwo gushyamiranya, gukurura urwikekwe n’izangano no gutuma habaho umwuka mubi kuburyo gutoteza no kwica bikorwa kandi bikemerwa. Mu magambo ahinnye, twavuga ko ‘ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside’ ari ikomatanyo ry’ibitekerezo n’imyumvire bifatirwaho kugira ngo abantu bicemo ibice kandi bemere ko kwica ari uburyo bwemewe bwo gukemura ibibazo.

Ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ikubiyemo gutsimbarara no gushyigikira ibitekerezo by’amacakubiri y’amoko; kwanga no gushaka kuburizamo umugambi w’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ; gukoresha ubwoko nk’iturufu yo kwangisha ubuyobozi buriho ubu hagamijwe kubusimbuza

ubushingiye ku mahame ya revolusiyo yo muri 1959; guhakana no gupfobya jenoside, gutoteza, kugirira nabi abacitse kw’icumu, n’abatangabuhamya no gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya jenoside.

3. Bimwe mu byaranze ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

a. Ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere

Mw’joro ryo ku ya 6 rishyira iya 7 Mata 1994, bariyeri zari zashyizwe hirya no hino muri Kigali. Abantu bicishwaga imihoro, ubuhiri buteyemo imisumari, amashoka, ibyuma, ibibando, za gerenade, imbunda, n’ibindi. Ubwo Jenoside yatangiriraga i Kigali mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ntiyatinze gukwira mu turere dutandukanye tw’igihugu.

Kugera kw’itariki ya 11 Mata 1994 muri Kigali Abatutsi bagera kuri 20000 n’Abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bari bamaze kwicwa, harimo na Agathe Uwilingiyimana wari Minisitiri w’intebe. Guhera tariki ya 12 Mata, ubwicanyi bwibanze ku Batutsi. Ubwicanyi bw’abantu benshi bwahise busatira za Kiriziya, ibitaro, amashuri n’imihanda yo mu giturage. Abatutsi bacukuzwaga ibyobo binini maze bakabajugunyamo ari bazima. Abenshi bahungiye muri za Kiriziya batewemo grenade zibica nabi zibatanyagura ibihimba by’umubiri (Nyarubuye, Nyamata, Ntarama, Cyahinda n’ahandi). Abicanyi binjiragamo bagasonga inkomere bakoresheje imipanga, ibyuma, amacumu, amashoka n’ibindi.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere nko gutema amajosi n’ibindi bihimba by’umubiri maze abantu bagasigara aho basambagurika. Nyuma yo gukomeretswa cyane, abenshi bajugunywe mu migezi y’Akanyaru, Nyabarongo n’indi. Jenoside yagombaga kuzuzwa; nta n’umwe wagombaga kuyirokoka. Imirima, amashyamba, ibishanga n’imisozi byarajagajazwe kugira ngo abihishemo n’abarokokeyemo bavumburwe bicwe.

Amaze kwitegereza uburyo

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyizwe mu bikorwa ikazimya imyinshi mu miryango y’Abatutsi bishwe umugenda, umushakashatsi w’Umunyamerika witwaga Alison Des Forges yanditse igitabo acyita ngo ‘Nimubice ntihagire n’usigara wo kuzabara inkuru’ (Leave none to tell the story/‘Aucun témoin ne doit survivre’). Ubwicanyi bwari bwarateguwe mbere kandi n’ubutegetsi bwo hasi bubushyigikiye.

Guhera tariki ya 16 mata 1994, abategetsi ba Gouverinoma y’inzibacyuho, bari i Gitarama, babogoje, bafata, banicisha Abategetsi b’inzego z’ibanze batari bica Abatutsi bo mu turere bayobora. Guhera icyo gihe, aba Bourgmestri b’amakomini bafatanyije n’abakonseye b’amasegiteri atari bwajye mu bwicanyi bakajije umurego mu bikorwa byo guhiga, kwegeranya no kwicira hamwe Abatutsi mu makomini bayoboraga cyangwa bari bayahungiyemo baturutse ahandi. Ibi byatumye hicwa abantu benshi mu gihe gito kandi bicwa n’bandi benshi bari baturanye, basanzwe baziranye.

Mu cyegeranyo rwatanze muri Nzeri 2007 no mu Gushyingo 2010, Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca rwerekanye ko umubare w’abazize jenoside urenga Miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo itanu (1050000), naho uw’abagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwica, gusenya no gusahura urenga Miliyoni n’ibihumbi magan abiri. N’ubwo ikiri iy’agateganyo, iyi mibare irerekana ishusho y’uburemere bw’ingaruka Jenoside yasize ku muryango nyarwanda muri rusange no kubayirokotse by’umwihariko.

Nkuko byanditswe na Muzehe sebasoni Servilien, jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashenye umuryango nyarwanda mu mfatiro zose z’ubuzima: ubumuntu, imibereho n’imibanire. Ubuzima bwateshejwe agaciro ndetse abantu benshi barabwamburwa. Umuryango nyarwanda watakaje ubumuntu mu buryo bwinshi. Abicwaga bambuwe agaciro n’ubumuntu n’ababicaga batabafitiye impuhwe. Aba nabo biyambuye imyitwarire iranga ubumuntu bambara iy’ubunyamaswa mu gihe bicaga urubozo abo barabanye igihe

kirekire, bari barashakanye cyangwa bari basangiye ubuzima mu gihe kirekire. Umwe mu bihaye Imana witwa Musenyiri John Rucyahana niwe washoboye gusobanura neza iyi ngaruka ikomeye agira ati: ‘Twapfushije abicaye twashyinguye, twapfushije n’abahagaze bataye ubumuntu babutesha n’abo bishe ari nabo twibuka ubu bashyingiwe n’abo tutaramenya aho bari ngo tubashyingure.”

b. Gutsindwa n’ikimwaro cy’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igaragaza ugutsindwa gukabije k’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga. Uyu Muryango ufite uruhare rwo kuba utaratabaye abahigwaga kandi wari ufite ibimenyetso bihagije kw’itegurwa rya jenoside cyane guhera mu Kuboza 1993. Loni yari ifite uburenganzira n’ubushobozi bwo gutabara ikoresheje abasirikare bayo bagera kuri 2500 bari mu Rwanda, yateshutse ku nshingano irebera itegurwa rya jenoside. Birengagije ibimenyetso by’urugomo rwinshi byagaragaraga, Ubufaransa, Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’Ububiligi, nk’ibihugu byakurikiraniraga hafi ibibera mu Rwanda, nabyo ntacyo byakoze ngo biburizemo Jenoside.

Abasirikare 2534 ba Loni bashinzwe kubahiriza amahoro n’umutekano hamwe n’abahagarariye ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bari mu Rwanda mbere ya tariki 6 Mata 1994, mu kurebera kwabo, bafashije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi w’ubwicanyi bari kuba baraburijemo cyangwa barahagaritse. Aho gukoresha abasirikare ba MINUAR mu gukumira no guhagarika Jenoside, Inama ya Loni Ishinzwe Amahoro n’umutekano kw’Isi yacyuye ingabo zari mu Rwanda, basiga mu kaga Abatutsi bagera ku 30000 bari bahungiye aho bari muri Kigali, bahita bicwa ubwo nyine n’Interahamwe.

Ikoreshwa ry’amagambo apfobya nk’ubwicanyi bukabije, intambara ikomeye y’amoko yakoreshwaga n’abayobozi hamwe n’abakozi b’ibihugu by’amahanga bya rutura, bimwe byakomeje no gukorana


AMAKURU



Komeza ku rup. 14

Ibikurikira urup12

no gushyigikira Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yariho ikora Jenoside, byatije umurindi abakoreraga jenoside Abatutsi, aburizamo umugambi wo kuyimenyekanisha wari waratangijwe na radio Muhabura ya FPR Inkotanyi, Radio Burundi na bamwe mu banyamakuru b’abanyamahanga.

Ubufaransa bwo bwagize uruhare rukomeye muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Hagati ya 1990 na 1994, Ubufaransa bwafashije u Rwanda kongera ingabo zarwo kuva ku 5000 kugeza ku 50000 hakoreshejwe kwinjiza abantu benshi icyarimwe. Ni muri ubwo buryo hashyizweho ibigo byo kwitorezamo ibya girisirikare ari naho Abafaransa batoreje imitwe y’abicanyi : “Abasirikare b’Abafaransa batwigishije gufata mpiri no kwica. Ibi byaberaga mu kigo cya gisirikare kiri hagati muri Kigali. Niho abantu bakorerwaga iyicarubozo, Abafaransa bari barahashinze ibirindiro. Muri iki kigo, nahabonye Abafaransa bigisha Interahamwe kwicisha ibyuma no gukoresha imbunda. Ni umufaransa wigishaga- Umukomanda w’umufaransa- mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bihwanye n’amezi ane hagati ya Gashyantare 1991 na Mutarama 1992.” (Africa Janvier, Wari mu mutwe w’abicanyi).

Mu mpera za Kamena 1994, Guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, yohereje abasirikare bagera ku bihumbi bibiri na magana abiri (2200) mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda mu cyiswe “Opération Turquoise,” bavugaga ko kigamije gushyiraho “agace katarangwamo imirwano kanyuzwamo imfashanyo.” Hari Abatutsi bake bashoboye kurokorwa n’ingabo z’Abafaransa. Ibyo bituma Guverinoma y’Ubufaransa ihora ishyira imbere impamvu z’ubutabazi mu zatumye yohereza abasirikare bayo mu Rwanda. Ariko iyi mpamvu yari ihishe indi mpamvu. Bikingirije gutabara abari mu kaga, abasirikare b’abafaransa bashakaga gufasha ingabo zatsinzwe, kugarura ubutegetsi bwa Gouverinoma y’abicanyi mu gihugu hose hamwe no kurwanya FPR. “Operation Turquoise”

yakingiye ikibaba abicanyi, bakomeza ibikorwa byabo byo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. Mu mezi ya Kamena na Nyakanga 1994, uduce twagenzurwaga n’Abafaransa twari twarabaye indiri y’abicanyi.

c. Jenoside ihagarikwa na FPR Inkotanyi

N’ubwo Jenoside yabaye muri 1994 yakozwe n’Abanyarwanda igakorerwa abandi Banyarwanda amahanga arebera, yanahagaritswe n’igice cy’Abanyarwanda bari bibumbiye mu Mutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi. Imaze kubona ko inzego za Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho zikajije umurego mu kwica abaturage bicwa cyane uhereye tarikio ya 9 Mata 1994, FPR yasubukuye urugamba igamije kurokora abicwaga nta wubatabara. Yarwaniraga kandi gutabara ingabo zayo zari zikubiwe muri CND, gusenya ubushobozi bw’Interahamwe n’ingabo za Leta zakoraga ubwicanyi hamwe no kugarura ituze n’amategeko. Abasirikare ba FPR barokoye abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi uko bagendaga barwana banahagarika abayoboye n’abakoze ubwicanyi.

FPR yahagaritse Jenoside nyuma y’intsinzi ya gisirikare yirukanye abayobozi b’abasivile n’abasirikare bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa umugambi w’ubwicanyi. Mu gihe Jenoside yabaga, abayikoraga n’ababakingiye ikibaba bakoraga ibishoboka ngo bahishe ibyabaye. Intumwa za FPR zazengurutse imijyi myinshi y’Afurika, iy’Uburayi n’iy’Amerika y’amajyaruguru basobanura uko ibyabaga mu Rwanda ari Jenoside banasaba ko hashyirwaho Urukiko Mpuzamahanga ruhana abayiteguye bakanayishyira mu bikorwa. FPR kandi yegeranyije ubuhamya n’ibindi bimenyetso bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

4. Uruhare rw’ubukoloni mu gusenya imibanire

y’Abanyarwanda

Iteka iyo umuntu atekereje kuri ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere, bituma ashaka kumva no gusobanukirwa uko jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yavutse,

uko yashyizwe mu bikorwa igahitana abantu benshi bishwe n’abandi Banyarwanda benshi. Umuntu aba ashaka kumenya icyashenye ubunyarwanda kigageza kuri jenoside kandi hakaba hari n’abagihembera ingengabitekerezo yayo (abica abacitse kw’icumu, n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije gupfobya no guhakana ukuri kuri Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994).

Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoroni, Abanyarwanda bari bagize umuryango umwe, basangiye ururimi, umuco n’igihugu. N’ubwo amakimbirane ataburaga, nta na rimwe higeze kuba intambara hagati y’ibyaje kwitwa amoko y’Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa. Umwaduko w’Abanyaburayi n’uburyo bwabo bw’imiyoborere byakuruye amacakubiri n’imbuto y’urwango mu muryango nyarwanda. Bagendeye ku bitekerezo by’ubusumbane bw’amoko byariho mu Burayi icyo gihe, Abakoroni bemeje ko Abanyarwanda badaturuka hamwe, ko batandukanye kandi ko batagereye rimwe mu Rwanda. Bemeje ko Abatutsi ari bo bazi ubwenge, kubera iyo mpamvu bakaba ari bo bagomba gukoresha mu butegetsi bwa gikoloni.

Muri uwo murongo, Abanyaburayi bakigera mu Rwanda bazanye impinduka nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye z’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda bagamije gusenya ibyari bibabumbiye hamwe. Abakoroni n’abayobozi b’amadini batonesheje banahindura ibikoresho bya gikoroni imwe mu miryango y’Abatutsi muri gahunda yabo ya ‘Mbatanye Mbategeke.’ Muri 1933, abategetsi b’Ababirigi bashimangiye amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko bashyira ubwoko mu ndangamuntu.

Mu myaka ya mirongo itanu, ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni bufatanije n’amadini, cyane cyane kiriziya gatolika, bwarwanyije bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari batangiye gushyira ahagaragara ibitekerezo biganisha ku bwigenge. Nyuma y’uko Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu isabiye impinduka zigaragara mu mitegekere y’igihugu (muri ‘Mise au Point’ yo muri Gashyantare 1957), Abakoloni n’abayobozi ba

Kiriziya gatolika bashyigikiye itsinda ry’Abahutu icyenda basohoye muri Werurwe 1957 inyandiko yiswe “Manifeste des Bahutu.” Iyo nyandiko yerekanaga ko Abatutsi ari inzitizi y’iterambere ry’Abahutu mu nzego zose z’ubuzima.

Ni muri Mu Gushyingo 1959, habayeho ikiswe ‘Revolisiyo yo muri 1959’. Muri icyo gihe, Abatutsi benshi barishwe, abandi barameneshwa, amazu yabo aratwikwa n’ibyabo birasahurwa. Uretse abahungiye mu mahanga (Burundi, Uganda, Tanzaniya, Kongo n’ahandi), abasigaye mu gihugu bakomeje gutotezwa. Muri bo hari n’abaciriwe i Nyamata, Rukumberi n’ahandi. Ni muri icyo gihe cy’ubwicanyi n’urundi rugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge maze ruyoborwa na Gerigori Kayibanda washinze Parmehutu, “Ishyaka riharanira ukwibohoza kw’Abahutu.”

2. Uruhare rwa Leta nyarwanda ya nyuma y’ubukoroni mu gukwiza urwango n’urugomo

byakorerwaga Abatutsi

U Rwanda rwageze ku bwigenge rutarashobora kugarura ubumwe bw’abana barwo. Perezida Kayibanda yubakiye Ubutegetsi bwe kw’ivangura n’ihezwa ry’Abatutsi. Abatutsi basigaye mu Rwanda, baratotejwe banahezwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’imibereho n’ubuzima by’igihugu. Ubutegetsi bwariho bwareberaga ibikorwa by’urugomo, ntibuhane ababikoraga rimwe na rimwe bukanabishyigikira: “Abatutsi basigaye mu gihugu batewe ubwoba n’umujinya w’abaturage uturuka ku bitero byanyu, bishimiye imyitwarire yanyu? Reka dutekereze, n’ubwo bidashoboka, ko muteye mugafata Kigali, sinzi uko mwibaza akajagari kakurikiraho kakabagiraho ingaruka zikomeye. Siniriwe mbitindaho kuko namwe mubitekerezaho, ahandi ho ntimwakora nk’abiyahuzi. Mubibwirane hagati yanyu! Hazahita haba irimburwa ryihuse ry’inyoko ntutsi1(Perezida Kayibanda, igice cy’ikiganiro yahaye abanyamakuru b’abamahanga nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ukuboza 1963-Mutarama 1964).

Aha niho tubonera ukuri guke ku batanga ibisobanuro bishingira ku rwango rwariho hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Urwango ntirushobora kuvamo jenoside hatabanje kubakwa imitekerereze n’imyumvire bituma abantu bamwe bemera ko abandi bantu babangamiye imibereho cyangwa ubuzima bwabo. Ahabaye jenoside hose, habanje kubakwa ingengabitekerezo no kuyikwirakwiza kugira ngo abantu bicemo ibice by’abagirirwa nabi n’ababagirira nabi. Ingengabitekerezo niyo yubaka urwango kandi ikanarukwirakwiza. Ingengabitekerezo ishingiye ku nkomoko y’Abanyarwanda yinjiye mu miyoborere ya gikoloni iza no kubyara politiki ishingiye ku macakubiri y’amoko kuri Leta nyarwanda ya nyuma y’ubwigenge.

Kuva mu 1963, iyo politiki ishingiye ku macakubiri yari igamije kwerekana no kwamamaza ko Abatutsi ari ikibazo: ikibazo cy’umutekano n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda, ikibazo cy’iterambere n’uburenganzira by’Abahutu. Iyo politiki kandi yacengejwe mu Banyarwanda, benshi muribo batangira kwemera ko gutoteza Abatutsi no kubagirira nabi ari uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo no gushyigikira ubutegetsi bushingiye ku mahame ya revolisiyo yo mu 1959. Ayo mahame yari ashingiye ku bitekerezo byavugaga ko akaga Abahutu babayemo bagatewe n’Abatutsi. Ibyo bitekerezo nibyo byabyaye urwikekwe, bituma bamwe mu Banyarwanda bibona mu moko mbere ya byose kandi bemera ko ubwoko bumwe bubangamiye imibereho y’ubundi.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, kwanga no kugirira nabi Abatutsi ntibyari bikiri ibya Leta gusa; byari no mu Baturage basanzwe. Mu myaka ya 1972 na 1973, habaye icyiswe ’Mututsi mvira aha.’ Hari Abatutsi bishwe, abandi barahunga, benshi birukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi, abasigaye bakomeza gutotezwa. Ni muri izo mvururu ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, Jenerari Majoro Habyarimana Yuvenari yafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu za gisirikari avuga ko ashaka kurangiza ibihe by’imidugararo


AMAKURU

Bimwe mu bimenyetso byaranze amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwandabyari mu gihugu. Umutekano wabaye nk’ugaruka. Abatutsi bakomeje kugirirwa nabi mu bundi buryo nko kubaheza mu mashuri no mu kazi, hamwe no kubabuza ubundi burenganzira.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, impagarara za politiki n’iz’imibereho y’abaturage byabaye byinshi, maze Perezida Habyarimana n’abambari be bakaza umurego mu kongera amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko n’uturere. Hagati aho muri 1979, Abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro bashinze RANU (Rwandese Alliance for National Unity) ari yo yaje guhinduka Umutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi muri 1987. Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, ingabo za FPR – Inkotanyi zateye u Rwanda ziturutse muri Uganda. Icyari cyigamijwe ahanini ni ugucyura impunzi no guharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanyarwanda mu gihugu cyabo.

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwakoresheje icyo gitero nk’urwitwazo mu gukorera urugomo Abatutsi n’abataravugaga rumwe nabwo bashinjwa kuba “ibyitso” bya FPR no kugambanira igihugu. Nyuma y’ikinamico y’igitero cyateguwe na Guverinoma mw’ijoro ryo ku ya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990 muri Kigali cyikitirirwa Inkotanyi, abantu barenga 8000 barafashwe, bamwe baricwa, abandi bakorerwa iyicarubozo. Abenshi bafunzwe amezi agera kuri atandatu barekurwa aho amahanga atangiye kubyamagana.

Muri icyo gihe, agatsiko kiswe Akazu, kagambiriye kwiharira ubutegetsi, kongereye ingufu. Amashyaka n’indi mitwe ya politiki bishingiye ku macakubiri byarashinzwe. Twavuga nk’Ishyaka ry’Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repuburika (CDR) ryashyizweho n’intagondwa zo muri MRND kugira ngo ribangamire demokarasi n’inzira y’amahoro. Iryo shyaka kandi ryahise ryifatanya n’umutwe w’abicanyi wari waratangiye kwitoreza kurimbura Abatutsi. Twakwibutsa ko MRND ya Habyarimana yari yarashyizeho umutwe w’interahamwe zizwi cyane ku bitekerezo by’ivangura, urwango n’urugomo zakoreye Abatutsi.

Muri 1993, abambari ba

Habyarimana bashyizeho Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) kugira ngo ikwirakwize imbuto y’urwango. Mu binyamakuru byigishije kugirira urwango Abatutsi, Kangura ni yo yari kw’isonga. Hari kandi ibindi binyamakuru nka La Medaille Nyiramacibiri, Ijambo, Umurwanashyaka. Byakanguriraga Abahutu guhangana n’Abatutsi babeshyeraga ko bateguraga intambara “simusiga.”

Umututsi yafatwaga nk’umwanzi w’igihugu mu buzima bwe bwose: “Umwanzi mukuru ni Umututsi w’imbere cyangwa w’inyuma y’igihugu, intagondwa, ugiharanira ubutegetsi, utigeze yemera kandi utemera ibyagezweho na revolisiyo ya 1959; naho byitso bye biri mu nzego zitandukanye z’imibereho, harimo cyane cyane impunzi, Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu, Abahutu batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho, abatagira akazi b’imbere n’inyuma y’igihugu, abanyamahanga bashakanye n’abatutsikazi.”

(Raporo ya Etat Majoro y’Ingabo ku byiciro by’Umwanzi, Nzeri 1992).

Nk’uko byagenze muri 1963 no muri 1973, gukangurira urugomo ku Batutsi byagendanaga n’amagambo yo kubatesha ubumuntu no kwerekana ko Abahutu bahora bahohoterwa n’Abatutsi: ‘Ubwirinzi, muzi icyo aricyo. Bategarugori, Banyakubahwa, hari Inyenzi mu gihugu. Zohereje abana bazo ku rugamba gufasha Inkotanyi. Kuki tudafata abo babyeyi ngo tubatsembatsembe? Kuki tudatsembatsemba abo bose bohereza abana ku rugamba? Mumbwire, mutegereje mwipfumbase ko baza bakabica? Itegeko Nshinga ryacu rivuga ko Ubutabera bukorwa mw’izina ry’abaturage. Tuzibonanira n’ako gacu k’abagizi ba nabi. Bibiliya yanditsemo ngo iyo inzoka ishaka kurya abantu ukayireka igatembera mu Bantu ni mwebwe izarimbura. Umuntu wese mutazi muri Serire mugomba kumwandika, yaba afite aho ahuriye n’inyenzi akahagwa nta rundi rubanza mumuciriye. Ndabasubiriramo ko tugomba gutangira gukora.” (R.T.L.M. (Isubiramo amagambo Leon Mugesera, yavugiye i Kabaya ku ya Nzeri, 1992).

Hifashishijwe ubutegetsi bw’ibanze n’abayobozi banyuranye, abanyamadini, abashakashatsi, abahanzi, impuguke, abanyemari n ’ i t a n g a z a m a k u r u , icengezamatwara ryabaye intwaro ikomeye yakoreshejwe mu gushishikariza Abahutu kwanga abaturanyi babo b’Abatutsi. Bahamagarirwaga kandi kwitandukanya n’Abahutu batari intagondwa muri poritiki, kurema igitekerezo cyo guhuriza hamwe Abahutu, no kugira uruhare mu bugizi bwa nabi bwakorewe Abatutsi.

Twibutse ko Inkotanyi zimaze gutera, ibihugu by’abaturanyi ndetse n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga byahise bihatira impande zombi gushyikirana. Iyo mishyikirano yagejeje kw’isinywa ry’Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha yo ku ya 4 Kanama 1993 hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’Umutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi. Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha yabaye mu nzira ndende guhera Kamena 1992 kugeza Kanama 1993. Amasezerano y’Arusha agizwe n’ibice by’amasezerano byashyizweho umukono n’impande zombi, yavugaga ku bintu byinshi birimo igihugu kigendera ku mategeko, igabana ry’ubutegetsi, kwinjiza mu ngabo imitwe yarwanishaga intwaro, gutuza impunzi n’abakuwe mu byabo n’intambara, amatora n’ibindi. Ayo masezerano yateganyaga kandi ko amahoro n’ubwiyunge byagombaga gukurikira ihagarikwa ry’imirwano kandi ko irangira ry’impagarara za poritiki ryagombaga gukuraho urwikekwe hagati y’Abanyarwanda.

Icyakora ibyari bikubiye muri ayo Masezerano ntibyubahirijwe kuko Perezida Habayrimana n’abambari be baburijemo gahunda yo gushyiraho Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho Yaguye yagombaga gushyira mu bikorwa izindi nzego zayavugwamo. Igihe kw’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 Habyarimana yatumirwaga muri Tanzaniya n’ibihugu byo mu karere bifatanyije n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika kugira ngo baganire ku buryo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ryakwihutishwa, intagondwa zo zari zimaze kwitegura

kurimbura Abatutsi no kwica n’abatavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

5. Umwanzuro

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaranzwe n’ubugome bukabije bwagaragariye mu bikorwa bya kinyamaswa byakorewe abicwaga. Yaranzwe kandi n’umubare munini w’abicaga abo bari baturanye, bari basangiye ubuzima n’ibibazo igihe kirekire. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguriwe mw’iyubakwa rya politiki yerekanaga ko Abatutsi ari abanyamahanga babangamiye iterambere n’imibereho by’Abahutu.

Nyuma y’urugamba rwo kwibohora rwatangijwe n’Umutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi mu Kwakira 1990, iyo politiki yashishikarije Abahutu kwanga no kurwanya Abatutsi. Urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali rwabaye urwitwazo rwa Jenoside yahitanye miliyoni irenga y’Abatutsi kubera icyo bari cyo, ihitana n’Abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho. Abicanyi bari barateguwe kandi biteguye kumena amaraso. Ntiyari intambara y’amoko rero nkuko byavugwaga kandi n’ubu bikivugwa, yari Jenoside. Ibi tubibonera muri poropagande yanyuraga mu madisikuru y’abayobozi, mu binyamakuru no mu maradiyo.

Iyo poropagande yitwaje Urubamba rwashojwe n’Umutwe wa FPR maze yerekana ko Abahutu bagiye gushyirwa ku ngoyi n’ubutegetsi bw’Abatutsi. Icya kabiri iyo poropagande yashingiyeho ni amasezerano ya Arusha yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 4 Kanama 1993, cyane cyane ingingo zayo zari zerekeye ivangwa ry’ingabo za FPR n’izari iza Leta n’isaranganywa ry’ubutegetsi. Icya gatatu iyo poropagande yifashishije ni iyicwa rya Perezida w’u Burundi Melchior Ndadaye mu Kwakira 1993 ryasobanuwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubugome bw’Abatutsi n’umugambi wabo wo kwigarurira aka karere kose.

Aha ni naho ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside ryerekanira uruhare rukomeye rwa Leta mu nzego ebyiri. Urwego rwa mbere ni uko inzego zishinzwe umutekano w’abaturage ari zo

zatangije ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi i Kigali zinakanabukwirakwiza mu gihugu cyose mu minsi mike nyuma y’urupfu rw’urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana. Guhera taliki ya 12 na 13 mata 1994, abategetsi b’inzego z’ibanze batishwe cyangwa ngo bakurwe ku butegetsi kubwo kudashyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside, bakanguriye banategeka abaturage babo kwitandukanya no gutsemba vuba Abatutsi. Ugushora inzego n’ubushobozi bya Leta mu guhiga, guhuriza hamwe no kwica Abatutsi bihamya Leta y’urwanda uruhare rukomeye muri jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni.

Urwego rwa kabiri rw’uruhare rwa Leta nyarwanda muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rugaragarira mu buryo itakoresheje uburyo bwayo ngo itabare abicwaga cyangwa ngo ihane abicaga. Leta y’u Rwanda ihamwa n’icyaha gikomeye cy’uko itaburijemo cyangwa ngo ikoreshe uburenganzira ihabwa n’amategeko ngo iburizemo ubwicanyi n’ibindi bikorwa by’urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi irebera. Ntiyahannye kandi ntiyabujije ababikoraga ; bityo bakomeza kubikora ndetse bamwe baranabihemberwa. Nkuko tubibona ahandi, jenoside y’Abatutsi ntiyari gushoboka iyo Leta nyarwanda itarebera cyangwa ngo ihagarikire ubwicanyi n’ibindi bikorwa by’urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi.

Muri make, jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta nyarwanda ya nyuma y’ubukoloni. Ukurebera k’Umuryango w’abibumye hamwe n’ibikorwa by’ingabo n’abayobozi b’abafaransa byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma jenoside iba nta nkomyi kandi ihitana abantu benshi mu gihe gito. Ntabwo iyo jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaje giturumbuka nkuko benshi babivuga ahubwo yateguranywe ubuhanga ndetse inashyiranwa mu bikorwa itegurwa rihanitse kuko yageze ku ntego zayo mu minsi mike bitewe n’uruhare rukomeye Leta yayigizemwo n’ukurebera guteye isoni k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye..

Ibikurikira urup 13


AMAKURU


Amateka yaranze umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu no hanze, mbere, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na nyuma yayo.

Komeza ku rup. 16

I. IRIBURIRO

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere abanyarwanda b’ingeri nyinshi bari bashyize hamwe muri rusange kandi bumva ko ari bene mugabo umwe. Mu ntangiriro habanje u Rwanda rwa Gasabo, noneho rugenda kwaguka ari na ko rurindwa ku nkiko zarwo ku gihe cy’ ubutegetsi bwa cyami. Uko gushyira hamwe kw’abarutuye byatumaga rubamo ituze n’amahoro imbere kandi rukagira igitinyiro n’icyubahiro mu bihugu by’abaturanyi.

Ibintu ariko byagiye bihinduka ku buyobozi butandukanye bwagiye bukurikira iyo ngoma ya cyami uhereye cyane cyane ku ngoma ya gikoloni (1894-1962). Ya mahoro n’ituze birabura bitewe n’amacakubiri yazanywe n’ubukoroni agakomezwa na Leta ebyiri zabukurikiye, biza no kugera kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w’1994. Cya gihugu cyiza cyatembaga amata n’ubuki gisa n’aho gisenyutse burundu imivu y’amaraso iratemba.

Nyuma y’ayo mahano umuryango nyarwanda ntiwaheze muri iryo curaburindi. Ingabo zari iza FPR Inkotanyi zimaze guhagarika jenoside hashyizweho Leta y’Ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda yongera kugarurira abanyarwanda icyizere cyo kubaho no guhesha agaciro igihugu cyabo mu ruhando rw’amahanga. Ubu u Rwanda rurakataje mu iterambere kubera amahoro n’umutekano usesuye rufite.

II. Amateka yaranze umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

a. Umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu.

Nk’uko twabikomojeho, abanyarwanda bari batuje kandi bashishikajwe no kubaka igihugu kimwe n’ubwo mu ntangiriro abanyarwanda baturukaga mu duhugu twinshi (Gisaka, Bugesera, Nduga, Ndorwa, etc) Ingoma y’Abanyiginya yagiye ihuriza hamwe ngo rube igihugu kimwe kitavogerwa n’amahanga. Yari intego ya bose baba Abahutu, Abatwa ndetse n’Abatutsi , bose barangajwe imbere n’umwami w’u Rwanda.

Urugero: Iyo u Rwanda rwabaga ruri mu ntambara

n’abarundi, ntaho amateka atwereka ko Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bifatanyije n’abo mu Burundi ngo barwanye Abahutu b’impande zombi; cyangwa se ngo Abahutu bo mu Rwanda bifatanye na bagenzi babo b’i Burundi kurwanya Abatutsi. Bose babaga bunze ubumwe mu mitwe y’ingabo z’ibihugu byabo bigatuma bubaka igihugu kizira amacakubiri.

Ibi ariko ntibivuga ko nta makimbirane yabagaho. Wasangaga ashingiye ku mpamvu zo kurwanira ubutegetsi cyangwa se gushaka ubutoni ku Mwami. Urugero ni nk’Intambara yo ku Rucunchu yabaye hagati y’abahungu ba Rwabugiri ari bo Rutarindwa na Musinga barwaniraga ingoma.

Hagati y’abantu ku giti cyabo na bo ndetse no hagati y’imiryango naho hashoboraga kuba amakimbirane kuko ngo ahari abantu hatabura urunturuntu. Ariko ibi akenshi byarangizwaga na gacaca nyarwanda, byananirana ukaba wajuririra inzego zo hejuru kugeza ndetse no k’umwami. Rubanda kandi yagombaga gukiriza umwami.

Abakoroni bageze mu Rwanda, ibintu byarahindutse. Bamaze kubona imitegekere y’ igihugu ibahuriza hamwe abakoloni bihutiye gucamo ibice abanyarwanda. Ibyo babishingira ku myuga yabo ari yo bise amoko nyarwanda. Abahutu, Abatwa n’Abatutsi byavugaga abahinzi, abatunzi n’ababumbyi, biba bigizwe amoko atuye u Rwanda, n’ubumwe bahoranye buba butangiye gusenyuka kuko bigishwaga ko ntacyo bapfana kandi ko bataziye rimwe mu Rwanda. Bityo bamwe bakaba barurushaho abandi ubwenegihugu. Ikindi abakoroni bihutiye gukora mu rwego rwo kurema amacakubiri ni ukwangisha rubanda ababayobora.

Umwami w’u Rwanda nawe yateshejwe agaciro azira ko yanze kuyoboka abakoroni n’idini ryabo, agera n’ubwo acirirwa ishyanga. Yuhi V Musinga yazize ko yanze gushyigikira amacakubiri y’abakoroni akanga no kubatizwa, bituma bamucira i Kamembe n’i Moba muri Congo mu 1931. Ubwo ariko bimitse umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa, nawe atangira akora nk’aho ayobotse abakoloni n’abanyamadini ngo batamugira nka se. Yemera kubatizwa ndetse anatura u Rwanda Kirisitu Umwami, byose ariko bigamije kugusha

neza abakoroni.Si Umwami Musinga

wavuye mu Rwanda gusa kuko n’abanyarwanda benshi batangiye guhunga igihugu basuhukira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi cyane cyane icya Uganda. Bahungaga guhinga ibyo batazasarura nk’ikawa, ikinini n’ibindi. Bagahunga shiku n’ibiboko byari byarategetswe n’abakoroni. Ni nayo mpamvu Umwami Rudahigwa yagiye abigabanya kugeza ubwo abikuyeho burundu hamwe n’ubuhake bwari bumaze guhindura isura.

Mu rwego rwo kubacamo ibice ngo babategeke, abakoroni batonesheje Abatutsi baheza Abahutu mu mashuri no mu buyobozi. Mu gihe cyo kubona ubwigenge ni ho amacakubiri hagati y’abanyarwanda yakajije umurego. Abakoroni babwiwe gutaha n’Abatutsi bari baratonesheje bati reka na twe dusige duhaye ubutegetsi Abahutu Abatutsi baratwigaritse. Ni bwo Abakoroni babateje abahutu mu kiswe Revolusiyo y’Abahutu yo muri 1959

Mu gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, nta mpinduka nziza yagaragaye ngo n’uko abenegihugu bahawe ijambo. Ku macakubiri ashingiye ku irondakoko yari amaze guhitana imbaga y’abatutsi kuva 1959 kugera na nyuma ya za 63, no gutuma Abacitse ku icumu bahunga, hiyongeraho n’irondakarere kuko Perezida Kayibanda wahawe ubutegetsi nyuma y’ubwigenge yatonesheje ab’iwabo mu Nduga akirengagazi ab’ahandi. Muri 73 nawe avanwaho n’abasirikare bo mu majyaruguru bayobowe na Habyalimana Juvenal, dore ko igisirikari cy’u Rwanda aribo bari bakiganjemo.

Izo Repubulika zose zakomeje guheza abatutsi hanze. Abari barasigaye imbere mu gihugu nabo nta bwisanzure bagiraga ndetse bakanahezwa mu miyoborere y’igihugu cyabo, mu mashuri no mu gisirikare. Abari barahunze bahejejwe ishyanga kuko izo leta zombi zitemeraga ko batahuka.

Habyarimana we yageze aho anababwira ngo u Rwanda ni nk’ikirahure cy’amazi cyuzuye ko wongeyeho ayandi yameneka.

We yanongeyeho politike y’iringaniza ndetse n’iy’akazu byaje bishimangira rya vangura ku buryo busesuye.

Ariko koko ngo urwishigishiye ararusoma. Kayibanda yazanye politike y’irondakarere

aheza abo yitaga Abakiga ku butegetsi. Abaharira igisirikare bucyeye baramuhirika.

Habyarimana nawe abanza gushuka amahanga n’abanyarwanda ngo azanye “Ubumwe, Amahoro n’ Amajyabere” mu ishyaka rye rukumbi MRND. Ariko akomeza gushyigikira umugambi wo guheza Abatutsi bituma igihugu kibamo intambara mu w’1990 na we yaje kugwamo, yishwe n’abambari be batashakaga ko amasezerano ya Arusha yagombaga kurangiza intambara ajya mu bikorwa.

B. Umutekano wo hanze y’igihugu

U Rwanda rwo ku ngoma ya cyami rwari rurinzwe kandi rutekanye. Abarutuye bahuzaga inama kandi bakarangwa n’ubutwari. Byaba ngombwa bakaba banarwitangira. Ubwo butwari bugaragarira muri iyi migani: (1) U Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa. (2) Wanga kumenera amaraso igihugu cyawe imbwa zikayanywera ubusa.

Umwami w’u Rwanda yajyaga ku rugamba ndetse akenshi akagenda imbere. Hari n’aho byabaga ngombwa ko arugwaho. Aha ni ho havuye imvugo ngo: “Urugumye [urugamba] rugomba Nyirarwo”. Ni uko abanyarwanda bagiye bitangira u Rwanda banarwagura kugeza iyo literwa inkingi n’inkenke.

Umwami w’u Rwanda kandi yaharaniraga imibanire myiza n’ibindi bihugu by’abaturanyi cyane cyane ibyo adashoboye kwigarurira.

Nyuma y’umwaduko w’abazungu ubusugire bw’u Rwanda bwarahungabanye cyane. U Rwanda rwatakaje igice kingana na 1/3 cy’ubuso bwarwo. Igice kinini cyomekwa ku Buganda (Ndorwa n’Ubufumbira), ikindi gishyirwa kuri Congo (Ijwi, Igisigari, Bwishya, Jomba...).

Abanyarwanda kandi bashowe mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi n’abakoroni aho Umwami Musinga yatanze ingabo zo mu mutwe wiswe Indugaruga ngo zifashe Abadage kurwanya ababirigi. Ababirigi bamaze kunesha abadage muri 1916, bihoreye ku banyarwanda barimbagura insina mu Bugoyi banarya inka nyinshi ngo z’abatutsi. Banageze ubwo bafunga Umwami Musinga ariko baza kumurekura.

Mu gihe cya Repubulika, politiki mbi zagiye zituma mu Rwanda hasimburana intambara aho impunzi zari zarahejejwe hanze zarateshejwe

agaciro zaharaniraga kugaruka mu gihugu ku ngufu kuko izindi nzira zari zarananiranye zikabizira. Ibyo ni byo byiswe intambara z’Inyenzi kuri Repubulika ya mbere ndetse n’iy’Inkotanyi kuri Repubulika ya Kabiri, ariko intambara y’Inkotanyi ikaba yari igamije kubohora u Rwanda muri rusange ngo rureke irondamoko n’irondakarere n’icyenewabo byari byarahawe intebe na Leta ya Habyalimana.

III. Amateka yaranze umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

A. Umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntiyabaye impangukano. Ahubwo yateguwe igihe kirekire kuva bikiri no ku ngoma y’abakoroni kugera igihe karundura ya 94 ibereye.

Yabanje gutegurwa ndetse igera n’igihe ikorerwa igerageza. Kuva aho intambara y’Inkotanyi itangiriye mu w’1990 igamije gukuraho Leta y’igitugu ya Habyalimana, Leta ya Habyarimana na yo yakomeje kubeshya abanyarwanda n’amahanga ko ikibazo afite ari Abatutsi bashaka kugarura ingoma ya cyami na gikoronize. Ibyo byatumye Abatutsi babaga mu Rwanda bahura n’akaga gakomeye batangira kwicwa buhoro buhoro.

Mu Ukwakira muri 1990 hafashwe abiswe ibyitso barafungwa, abandi baricwa nk’abanyamutara bitaga Abahima. Igerageza rya Jenoside ryagiye ribera henshi. Nyuma y’abiswe Abahima bo mu Mutara muri 1990, hakurikiyeho Abagogwe mu majyaruguru muri 91 na 92, nyuma haza gukurikiraho abatutsi bo mu Bugesera (92-93), ndetse n’ahandi nko ku Kibuye na za Kibirira abatutsi bagendaga bahohoterwa bicwa umunsi ku wundi.

Mu 1994 ho ibintu byabaye agahomamunwa kuko ingengabitekerezo y’amacakubiri yari yaramaze gushinga imizi mu Rwanda. Amashyaka yari yaragerageje kurwanya Leta y’igitugu ya Habyarimana yari amaze kucikamo ibice baramaze kuyaremamo Hutu Power aribyo byavugaga abahezanguni b’Abahutu.

Interahamwe zari zarahawe imyitozo ikarishye yo kwica



KWIBUKA AMAKURU

Ibikurikira urup 15

Abatutsi benshi kandi mu gihe gito ku buryo gushyira umugambi wa jenoside mu bikorwa bitagoranye na gato.

Mu gihe cya Jenoside rero nta mutekano na mba warangwagwa mu Rwanda kuko ikitwa umututsi n’umuhutu utavugaga rumwe n’ingoma yayikoraga cyishwe urubozo.

Leta ubundi isanzwe ifite inshingano yo kurinda abaturage bayo bose ni yo yabiyiciye ikoresheje inzego z’umutekano n’abaturage bamwe bayikomeyeho.

U Rwanda icyo gihe rwabayemo

amahano ateye ubwoba ndetse bigaragara ko yabaye hake ku isi ku buryo Loni itashidikanyije kubona ko ari ubwicanyi ndengakamere, bwaje kwemerwa n’isi yose ko ari jenoside yaorewe Abatutsi ubwo hanashyirwaho urukiko rwihariye mpuzamahanga rwitiriwe U Rwanda mu rwego rwo gucira imanza abari bari ku isonga mu

kuyitegura no kuyishyira mu bikorwa.

A.Umutekano wo hanze y’igihugu.

Amahanga yari yaratereye icyizere u Rwanda ndetse n’abanyarwanda kuko cyari igihugu kiri mu ntambara no mu bwicanyi ndengakamere. Umutekano wacyo wari mu maboko y’abanyamahanga (ingabo za Loni) n’ubwo nabo baje kunanirwa bakivaniramo akabo karenge. Ingabo za FPR inkotanyi ni zo zonyine zabashije guhangana n’abakoraga jenoside kugera ubwo zibatsinze zishyiraho Leta y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge. Ubwo ni bwo impunzi z’abanyarwanda zari zaraheze hanze zashoboye kugaruka mu rwazibyaye.

IV. Amateka yaranze umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

A.Umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu

Iby’ingenzi byakozwe mu kugarura amahoro n’umutekano mu Rwanda ni:

ugucyura impunzi z’imbere mu gihugu no kuzisubiza mu byazo; Kurwanya abazaga guhungabanya umutekano baturutse mu nkambi z’impunzi zo hanze, Kurwana intambara z’abacengezi mu Rwanda no muri Congo hagamijwe kwigizayo abashakaga guhora bahungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda. Guhashya abakomezaga kwica abacitse ku icumu ndetse no gufata ingamba zo kurimbura ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’andi macakubiri aho ava akagera.

Hashyizweho Ingamba nyinshi zigamije kongera gusana

umuryango nyarwanda:

-Hagiyeho komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, Abanyarwanda benshi banyujijwe mu ngando ngo barebe icyo bapfa n’icyo bapfana. Hongeye kwigishwa no gukangurira abanyarwanda

kwita ku ndangagaciro na kirazira zabo. Haciwe ibitandukanya byose abanyarwanda harimo no gukura amoko mu ndangamuntu; hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro abahitanywe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse hajyaho n’icyumweru cyo kubibuka; hafatwa n’ingamba zo gufasha abacitse ku icumu batishoboye.

-Havanzwe ingabo zahoze ari iza RPF na Ex-FAR mu rwego rwo kubaka ingabo abaturage bose bibonamo. Ubu abaturage bakaba bafatanya n’ingabo zabo mu kwicungira umutekano ndetse no kwiyubakira igihugu mu bikorwa byinshi bigamije iterambere.

-Hashyizweho gahunda y’inkiko gacaca zigamije ubutabera bwunga mu rwego rwo gusana umuryango nyarwanda no guca umuco wo kudahana; hashyirwaho na gahunda yo kuriha imitungo yangijwe muri jenoside.

-Ibyo hamwe n’izindi nyinshi mu ngamba Leta y’ubumwe

yafashe, byatumye u Rwanda ruba igihugu cy’intangarugero ku isi mu bihugu bisohotse mu ntambara. Ubu u Rwanda rwabaye ikitegererezo ku bindi bihugu bikiri mu bibazo aho biza mu ngendo-shuri ngo byigire ku bunararibonye bwarwo.

b. Umutekano wo hanze y’igihugu.

Nyuma yo kugarura umutekano imbere no guhashya ibitero by’interahamwe n’ingabo zatsinzwe byavaga muri Congo mu ntambara 2 zahabereye, umutekano w’u Rwanda warashimangiwe bikomeye, dore ko n’impunzi nyinshi zari zarahungiye mu bihugu duturanye kubera jenoside zari zimaze gutahuka no gusubizwa mu byazo. Ubu bigeze aho u Rwanda rwohereza ingabo zarwo kubungabunga amahoro ahandi ku isi nko muri Darfur, Sudan y’Amajyepfo, Haiti n’ahandi.

Ubu amahanga yose yemeza ko mu Rwanda hari umutekano usesuye n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe hatabura kidobya iterwa n’abanzi b’u Rwanda bakiri hanze ubu bahisemo inzira y’iterabwoba kuko iy’urugamba yabananiye. Ni muri urwo rwego abo banzi banakomeje guharabika igihugu cyacu ku mbuga za Interineti no mu bitangazamakuru byo hanze. Ibi ntibibuza abanyarwanda benshi kugumya kuyoboka inzira ya Demokarasi n’iterambere abanyarwanda bahisemo.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwiyubaka mu bukungu, mu mutekano n’iterambere rirambye, u Rwanda rwashishikariye kujya mu miryango y’ibihugu byo mu karere rurimo ndetse n’iby’ahandi nka EAC, CPGL, COMESA, Comonwealth, n’indi. Ibyo bigatuma ingamba z’umutekano w’ibihugu n’iterambere zifatirwa hamwe kandi zigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwagutse.

UMWANZURO

Nyuma y’amateka anyuranye kandi agoye u Rwanda rwanyuzemo ntiruheranwe, ubu rufite umutekano uhagije haba imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ikimenyimenyi ni uko ubu u Rwanda ari rwo rwatorewe kuzahagararira Afrika yose mu Kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gashinzwe Amahoro n’Umutekano ku isi (UN Security Council) aho ruzasimbura Afrika y’Epfo mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri.

Imyiteguro yo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Karere ka Gasabo iragenda neza.

Mu rwego rwo k w i t e g u r a Kwibuka ku

nshuro ya 18 jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi,mu karere ka Gasabo imyiteguro igeze kure kuko ubu abantu bose bashishikarizwa kwitegura hakiri kare ndetse abafite ababo bagishyinguye mu ngo zabo bibutswa ko babimura bakajyanwa mu nzibutso za Jenoside zishyinguyemo izindi Nzirakarengane.

Kwibuka ni igikorwa kiba buri mwaka mu kwezi kwa Mata, ni muri urwo rwego turi kwitegura kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside bo mu Murenge wa Rusororo, bahuriye Aharuhukiye Ababo bazize Jenoside ku Rwibutso rwa Ruhanga mu Karere ka Gasabo batekereza icyo bahakorera kuko ngo iyo bibuka bigaragara ko ari hato cyane ( bamwe baba bari hagati mu rugo rwubakiyemo Urwibutso abandi benshi bari inyuma yarwo ) bakaba bafite igitekerezo cyo kuhagura

kugirango mu gihe cyo Kwibuka abaje mu gikorwa bajye babona aho bahurira bisanzuye.

Urwo Rwibutso rwa Ruhanga, ruhereye mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Murenge wa Rusororo rukaba rwari Urusengero rw’Abaporoso basengeregamo mbere ya Jenoside, abari bahahahungiye bose bakaba ariho babiciye banaharuhukiye. Urwo rwibutso rwa Ruhanga, rwashyinguwemo bwa mbere mu mwaka w’1995 Imibiri iri hagati y’ibihumbi makumyabiri na makumyabiri na bitanu ( 20000-25000) , kandi uko inzirakarengane zigenda ziboneka mu nkengero z’urwo Rwibuso, ninako bagenda bazishyingura, ubu hakaba hamaze kugeramo Abatutsi bazize Jenoside bagera ku bihumbi mirongo itatu na bibiri (32000), kandi mbere gato yuko icyunamo gitangira, bakaba bafite gahunda yo kushyingura abandi basaga mirongo inani(80) bakaba bari bagishyinguye mu ngo

ndetse n’abari bagitabye aho bajugunywe mu gihe cya Jenoside. Dufatiye hamwe naho imyiteguro igeze mu Karere ka Gasabo, irarimbanije ariko hari inzibutso nyinshi zigikeneye ibikorwa bitoroshye. Twavugamo nyine nk’uru Rwibutso rwa Ruhanga kuko bigaragara ko rufite inkuta enye(4) zisanzwe ariko rumwe muri zo, rukaba ruteye impungenge cyane ko rushobora kugwa kuko rufashwe n’icyuma, ariko bikaba bigaragara ko amatafati ntaho ahuriye nicyo cyuma kuko yamanutse cyane kandi bavugako umwaka ushize rwasanwe, gusa Rwiyemezamirimo wahakoze akaba ashyirwa mu majwi ko yaba atarangije inshingano bari bamuhaye zo kuhakora neza.

Abacitse ku icumu bafite ababo baruhukiye muri urwo Rwibutso, baratabaza cyane ko izo nkuta zizagwa bakibaza icyo baba barasigariye (ntacyo baba bamaze) bakibaza n’inkunga ziba zitandukanye ziba

zaranzwe zo gusana neza urwo Rwibutso, ariko ntibamenye neza uko zaba zarakoreshejwe, bakaba basaba Ubuyobozi bw’ Akarere ka Gasabo ko bababa hafi bakabafasha kubaka Ruhanga ibababikiye Ababo.

Kuri icyo kibazo, Akarere ka Gasabo k a r a b i m e n y e s h e j w e k a r a b i k u r i k i r a n a barabibona ko atari amabwire, ubu bakaba bari muri gahunda zo kureba uko rwazasanwa byibura by’igihe kirekire kuko nabo batishimiye guhora basana kandi ko batahita bakorera Inzibutso zose icyarimwe, babanje gukora urwa Jabana nkuko twabibonye ruguru,bakavuga ko nabo bazashimishwa cyane no kongera gusubiza icyubahiro Inzirakarengane za Ruhanga zazize ubusa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igashegesha Urwa Gasabo.

KAYITESI Redempta.Umukozi wa (CNLG)

Gasabo, Nyarugenge



KWIBUKA AMAKURU

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Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika ruherutse gushyingurwamo imibiri isaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu.

AMAKURU

Uwo muhango w a r i wabanj i r i jwe

n’igikorwa cy’umuganda wakozwe n’Abasenateri n’Abadepite bari bahagarariye Inteko ishinga amategeko igikorwa cyo gushyingura mu cyubahiro kiraye kiri bube, ndetse n’umuganda w’abaturage wakozwe igihe cy’ukwezi n’abatuye Utugari n’imidugudu by’Umurenge wa Cyanika.

Umuhango nyirizina wabimburiwe n’igitambo cya Missa cyo gusabira izo nzirakarengane cyasomewe kuri Paruwasi ya Cyanika. Imibiri yabashije kumenyekana yari yashyizwe mu masanduka azanwa imbere ya Altari. Ababuze ababo bakaza kugira amahirwe yo kubona imibiri yabo bahawe

Ku itariki ya 26 Gashyantare 2012, mu Murenge wa Cyanika mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, Intara y’Amajyepfo habereye umuhango wo gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri isaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu by’inzirakarengane zishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka w’1994. Uwo muhango wabaye n’umwanya kuri bamwe mu barokotse wo gutanga ubuhamya no kugaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri ako gace, no mu Bufundu n’Ubunyambiri muri rusange bwatangiye na mbere mu myaka yakurikiye 59.

akanya ko kubunamira muri iyo misa. Abo barimo Avoka Karongozi André Martin(uba mu Bubiligi) waje guhabwa ijambo akavuga mu mwanya w’abafite ababo bari bagiye gushyingurwa. Yavuze ko n’ubwo ibihugu by’amahanga byari byashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yo « kuburizamo no guhana icyaha cya Jenoside » byabaye nk’impfabusa ,« byaheze mu magambo kuko mu gihe ayo masezerano yashyirwagaho umukono, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yaririmo ihemberwa, ishyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma y’imyaka hafi mirongo itanu ».

Nyuma y’igitambo cya Missa, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyamagabe Mugisha

Philibert yahaye ikaze abayobozi batandukanye bari bitabiriye uwo muhango, barimo Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n ’ I t e r a m b e r e ry’umuryango Inyumba Aloysie wari uhagarariye Umushyitsi Mukuru Mme Jeannette Kagame, Umuyobozi wa Unity Club; Minisitiri Gatare Ignace ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri Peresidansi ya Repubulika ; Minisitiri w’ubuzima Dr Binagwaho Agnès; Minisitiri w’abakozi ba Leta

n’umurimo Murekezi Anastase; Visi Perezida wa Sena Makuza Bernard ; Visi Perezida w’Umutwe w’Abadepite, Kalisa Evariste. Hari n’Abasenateri, Abadepite b a t a n d u k a n y e , abahagarariye ubuyobozi bw’ingabo na police mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Hari kandi Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyepfo, umuyobozi wa Ibuka, n ’ U m u n y a m a b a n g a Nshingwa bikorwa wa Komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside.

Ubukana bwa Jenoside yabereye mu Cyanika bugaragazwa n’umubare munini w’abakur ik i r anyweho

icyaha cya Jenoside Umuyobozi w’Akarere

ka Nyamagabe Mugisha Philibert yashimiye abo bayobozi batandukanye uruhare bagize mu « kutubonera inshuti bakabasha gukusanya imisanzu yatumye amafaranga yo kubaka urwibutso rwa Cyanika rwashyinguwemo iriya mibiri aboneka”, atibagiwe n’uruhare

abaturage bose b’Akarere ka Nyamagabe babigizemo bakusanya inkunga yabo.

Nk’uko yabivuze, ubukana bwa Jenoside yabereye muri uriya Murenge wa Cyanika bugaragazwa n’umubare munini cyane w’amadosiye y ’abakur ik iranyweho Icyaha cya Jenoside bakomoka muri uwo Murenge. Nyuma y’ubuhamya bwa Avoka Karongozi André Martin, ijambo ryahawe Senateri Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, wiciwe abantu aho mu Cyanika, avuga uko Jenoside yagenze mu Murenge wa cyanika no ku bwicanyi bwihariye bwakorewe muri ako gace mu myaka yakurikiye 1959, aho ubwicanyi bwahabereye muri 63, umunyamahanga umwe wabwitegereje atatinye kubwita Jenoside. Ubuhamya bwa Senateri Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène urabusoma ku rupapuro rwa18-19.

« A b a n y a r w a n d a

Mu bitabiriye uwo muhango , uhereye iburyo, Ndayisaba Fidele, Mayor w’umujyi wa Kigali, Prof. Dusingizemungu Jean Pierre, Komiseri muri CNLG na Hon. Jean de Dieu Mucyo, Umun-

yamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG.

Imibiri biteguraga gushyingura mu cyubahiro.


AMAKURUAMAKURU

Ubuhamya Senateri Bizimana Jean Damascène kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Cyanika, uko yabutanze mu muhango wo gushyingura

wabaye tariki ya 26 Gashyantare 2012

Komeza urup19

Hano mu cyanika hari imyaka abantu

batibagirwa ndetse yagiye igaragara nabi. Muri 59 nibyo habaye ubwicanyi. Njyewe nari ntaravuka, ibyo nagerageje kumenya ni byo twabwirwaga n’abakuru ndetse n’ibyo nagerageje gusoma, kuko iyo umuntu ari mukuru , iyo umuntu akuze akora ubushakashatsi akagira icyo amenya. Muri 63, hano wabaye umwaka w’umwihariko kandi mubi. Ku itariki ya 21 z’ukwezi kwa 12 muri 63, hari hashize iminsi micye cyane abantu bitaga Inyenzi bateye mu Bugesera baturutse i Burundi. Icyo gihe Perezida Kayibanda yavuze disikuru, ijyanye n’icyo gitero aza kuvuga ijambo, uko abakuru bamwiye n’uko inyandiko zimwe zibigaragaza, ryatumye A b a n y a g i k o n g o r o bashyuha havamo n’ubwicanyi.

Hari aho yavuze ati niba Inyenzi ziteye zigafata Kigali, bizaba imperuka kandi yihuse y’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi. Aho ni ku itariki ya 21/12/63. Nyuma y’iyo tariki hagiye habaye inama zagiye zikoreshwa muri aka gace, cyane cyane zikoreshejwe n’abari ku isonga ry’ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU nka Rwasibo, na Sekagina. Ku buryo ku itariki ya 24 z’ukwa cumi na kabiri muri 63, igihe hari abakirisitu bari mu Misa ya noheri ahangaha muri iyi Kiliziya(Kiliziya ya Cyanika), abandi bakoraga

Senateri Bizimana yavuze ko ubuhamya bwe bushingiye kubyo yabwiwe n’abakuru, bukaba ariko bushingiye no ku bushakashatsi we ubwe yakoze. Avuga ku bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Bufundu n’ubunyambiriri guhera za 59.

amanama y’uburyo bari butere abantu. Noneho misa irangiye, barabareka barataha, noneho bamaze kugera mu ngo zabo, ba bandi bari bakoze Inama bayobowe na Perefe Nkeramugaba wari Perefe wayoboraga iyi Perefegitura, ukomoka mu kitwa Komine Rukondo, abo baturage bari bashyizwemo uwo mwuka mubi, bateye ingo z’abatutsi, ingo baragenda barazitwika, inyinshi zari n’ibyatsi, abantu bahiramo. Hari n’ibindi bikorwa byagiye bikorwa, bamwe barafatwa bakabahambira amaboko inyuma, bakabata mu mugezi wa Rukarara( ugabanya Ubufundu n’Ubunyambiriri).

Ibyo byakorwaga hano ni nako ako kanya byakorwaga i Kaduha. Bigaragare ko cyari ikintu cyateguwe kitigeze cyishyiraho. Abo bantu bataye muri Rukarara bakabahambira amaboko inyuma, benshi bapfuye batabashije koga. Urumva bene ubwo bugome, no kumenya iyo bwakomotse ntibyumvikana. Muri uwo mwaka benshi mu babashije kurokoka babohereje mu Bugesera. Kuko mu Bugesera icyo gihe hari ibihuru hatarashobora guturwa. Abandi babohereza za Rukumberi, abandi babohereza muri Kongo i Bibwe, n’i Burundi. Hano Abatutsi bose bakomoka aha twari dufite imiryango iba hirya no hino muri ibyo bihugu no mu Rwanda imbere.

Ariko ndibuze kubigera

ho ubwo hari abari ku isonga bashishikariza abanyarwanda bamwe kwica abandi, hari n’abagiye bagira uruhare rwo kubahisha. Padiri De Jambleen wari padiri mukuru w’iyi paruwasi yahishe abantu benshi icyo gihe muri 63, aza no gukomeza yewe no muri 73. Benshi arabatabara, ndetse abakuru bari bahari nka ba Simoni Sebagabo, yatubwiye ko nka Nkeramugaba yaje mu misa ya Noheri ya ku manywa, padiri yanga kumuha ukarisitiya, aramubwira ati wowe ibintu uriho ukora sibyo. Ntabwo naguha umubiri wa yezu. Ibyo bigaragaza ko abanyamadini nabo hari abagiye bitwara nabi, ariko hari n’abafashije.

Twashyinguye Padiri Niyomugabo, ariko Padiri De Jambleen yaramubanjirije gukiza abantu cyane. Icyo gihe muri 64, ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye aha bwaravuzwe cyane. Ku buryo nko mu kwezi kwa mbere muri 64, hari umuzungu wigishaga i Butare muri « groupe scolaire »

witwaga Villaumé,(benshi baramuzi ni umusuwisi, yamenye ko ubwicanyi buri aha, aza kureba, ngo aza guhura na bamwe mu banyeshuri be barimo Franiçois Muganza(nawe avuka hariya i Maheresho), bari bafite intwaro bahiga abandi. Abibonye Villaumé yaragiye yandika ibaruwa isobanura, yandikira Perezida Kayibanda amubwira ko ubwicanyi buriho, ndetse ibaruwa ayohereza i Burayi, ibinyamakuru bimwe birayibona, ikinyamakuru nka « le monde » birabitangaza. Radiyo Vatikani irabivuga. Aho Villaumé yavugaga ati « ubwicanyi buriho bukorerwa mu Bufundu n’ubunyambiriri, ni Jenoside », kandi agasaba Perezida wa Repubulika kubuhagarika, kuko niba atabuhagaritse, bizamerera nabi igihugu. Villaumé muri iyo Baruwa, yarangije avuga ko niba ibyo bitarorereye, asezeye ku mwuga we wo kwigisha, kuko yababajwe no kubona mu banyeshuri be, harimo abica bagenzi babo. Biranditse.

Ibyo byatumye ubwo

bwicanyi bwaberaga hano turi bumenywa ku isi buravugwa. Niho iryo jambo ryatangiye gukoreshwa bwa mbere, muri 64, mu kwezi kwa mbere, kuko niho nyine izo nyandiko zazohotse. Icyo gihe Musenyeri Perraudin yarabyamaganye avuga ko iyo atari Jenoside, ndetse yandikira na Radio Vatican abihakana.

Bateraga urusenda mu mirambo(muri 94), noneho hagira uwitsamuye, uwitsamuye bakamenya ko ari muzima. Icyo ni ikintu cyari cyizwi ariko cyakoreshejwe ahangaha. Ari nayo mpamvu abantu bibajije impamvu harokotse abantu bacye, iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu. Abashoboye kurokoka ni utwana ducye, n’ubwo n’uko abana bagiye bahera mu mirambo. Bateragamo urusenda, uwitsamuye bakamumara.

Ubwo hano hari abantu bagize amateka mabi yo kwica abantu, ariko hari n’abantu babaye intwari, bagiye bakiza abantu, akaba ari nacyo ngira ngo

Senateri Bizimana Jean Damascene watanze ubuhamya kuri uwo munsi.


AMAKURUAMAKURU

Ubuhamya Senateri Bizimana Jean Damascène kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Cyanika, uko yabutanze mu muhango wo gushyingura wabaye

tariki ya 26 Gashyantare 2012

ndangirizeho, kuko kuvuga amateka y’aha n’ubwicanyi bwagiye buhakorerwa…..

Muri 94, hari umugabo witwaga Godifiridi, yari umukozi hano noneho akajya asohoka, akajya hanze kumva amakuru kugira ngo aze aburire impunzi z’Abatutsi, zarimo mu kigo. Interahamwe zari hanze ziza kubimenya, baramwiyama, bati n’uzongera wowe gusubira kwa padiri tuzakwica. Godifiridi arabyumva ariko akajya anyaruka akaza kubanekera ikivugwa. Baramwishe, baragenda bica n’umwana we Mariya, bica n’abana be batatu.

Hari undi mugabo nanone wari umwarimu twiganye, witwa Faustin Nsabikunze, nawe yagerageje akajya aza akabashakira amazi, icyo ashoboye kuzana akakibaha, aho bari bihishe ahangaha. Nawe abicanyi barabimenye baramwica. Ndetse, kimwe mu byakozwe mbere y’uko babica, amazi yose yazaga kwa padiri baragiye barayakata. Imiyoboro barayica. Ku buryo benshi bishwe batabona amazi, inzara yarabishe cyane. Nsabikunze nawe bamwishe kubera ko yagerageje kubashakira amazi, akabashakira ibiribwa uko abishoboye.

Abo ni abantu nabo tugomba kuzirikana, kuko nta watekereza ububi n’ubugome, atarebye n’abantu bakoresheje ubumuntu, abantu bazima. Ndibaza ko natwe abacitse ku icumu aribo baduha icyizere. Uwo musuperefe witwaga Ntegeyintwari yari afite umukobwa muto, nagerageje kumushaka sindamubona, witwa Josée. Uwo Josée hari abana

babiri b’abakobwa baje bavuye i Kaduha, barimo uwitwa Claire Giramata na murumuna we, bavuye mu ntumbi z’i Kaduha, baza n’amaguru, bageze hepfo aha, hari bariyeri ikomeye, babata muri wese, babataye muri wese, Claire ashobora kuzamuka nijooro avamo, kuko yiganaga n’umukobwa wa Ntegeyintwari, ajyayo kwa Ntegeyintwari hariya hafi ahongaho. Umwana we amubonye, ati uje ahangaha data arakumara, ajya kumuhisha ku biro bya superefegitura, hari haruguru yaho gato, abahazi barahumva. Akajya agenda akareba Interahamwe, akabinginga, abitwaga ba Silas bakomeye, ati bariya bana mwe kubica, na ka karumuna ke kasigaye, aragenda akavanishamo.

Uwo mwana w’umukobwa abana yabarwanyeho gutyo, biza kugeraho Jenoside irarangira, Abafransa baje arabacikisha abaha Abafransa. Ubwo ni ubutumwa ahanini butakunze gutangwa hano kubera ko byaterwaga n’akababaro, abacitse ku icumu hano bari bafite ko ababo badashyinguye. Ariko mu izina ryabo ubwo ni bwo butumwa nagira ngo ntange. Abo bantu bacye, kuko ni bacye cyane, bagiye bagerageza gufasha abantu, gukiza abatutsi, turabazirikana.

Icyo narangirizaho nanone mu buryo bwo gutanga icyizere, ejo abatanze ubuhamya bagiye babivuga, abenshi barokotse ubu bamaze kuba abasore n’inkumi, benshi bafite amadipolome, barakora, barifuza nabo

koko kubaka igihugu no gukomera.

Ariko n’ubwo nagiye mvuga abanyapolitiki bitwaye nabi, n’abanyamadini nabo si shyashya. Abanyamadini, bagiye nabo bagira uruhare rubi mu gutuma abatutsi bari aha bicwa. Ndetse, ni na byiza nabyo kubivuga, kuko uvuze ikibi n’ikiza abivuge byombi.

Hari abapadiri bakomoka aha bitwaye nabi ndetse na n’ubu bakimeze gutyo, ku buryo no kubamenya ahari byafasha. Nka padiri Martini Kabalira avuka muri iyi paruwase, ni umwe mu bagize uruhare mu kwicisha abagore b’Abatutsikazi b’abasilikare. Yari o m o n i y e ( a u m o n i e r ) w’abasilikare. Padiri Hormisdas Nsengimana nawe n’uko avuka muri iyi paruwase. N’ubwo yagizwe umwere n’urukiko rwa Arusha, (tuzi n’amakosa rukora), yagize uruhare nawe kwicisha bagenzi be b’abapadiri. Barimo Callixte Uwitonze, Matayo Ngirumpatse, na Bosco

Yirirwahandi n’abandi. Padiri Sagahutu Yozefu

nawe waherewe ubupadiri aha, uba mu Bubiligi, yatanze mugenzi we Vianney Rwanyabuto n’abandi. Icyo ni ikibazo kuko niba mbivuga si ukwikoma amadini, ni ukugira ngo abashinzwe imitima y’abantu, abanyamadini, nabo bamenye ko hari ababo batatanze urugero rwiza, noneho bibere isomo abandi. Kandi ukuvugisha ukuri nicyo kizatuma igihugu cyacu cyiyubaka na kiliziya igakomera niko mbikeka.

No mu banyapolitiki, muzi Charles Ntakirutinka, nawe akomoka aha, ni umwe mu bashatse kugarura amacakubiri. Bigaragara ko uyu murenge wa Cyanika, ufite ayo mateka mabi. Ariko icyifuzo, kuyavuga none ni ukugira ngo bihinduke. No kugira ngo aba bantu twashyinguye(benshi bari intwari, bari ababyeyi beza, batubere urugero, noneho abashinzwe kuyobora iki igihugu, nk’uko Nyakubahwa Perezida

wa Repubulika abisaba, nk’uko umurongo igihugu kigenderaho…, habeho amahoro koko. Amahoro twifuza ko baruhukiramo akomeze asakare.

Abo bana bato navuze bagize uruhare mu kurokora abandi, batubere urugero. Ndumva ari iryo jambo narangirizaho, ahasigaye nkagira ngo nihanganishe cyane abo dufatanyije kuba twaraburiye abacu hano mu Cyanika, bansaba kuvuga iri jambo bari bambwiye bati uramenye ntuzabe umunyapolitiki, nababwiye ko abanyapoliki nabo batavuga ibinyoma, nabo bavugisha ukuri, nizeye ko nagerageje kukuvuga n’ubwo ari kwinshi kandi kunababaje. Icyakora noneho ubu igice tugezemo n’icyo kubaka, kandi sinshidikanya ko iki gihugu kizubakwa neza, uyu Murenge wa Cyanika ukubakwa neza, uko hahoze hameze , uko hari heza bikongera bigasubira.

Mugire amahoro.

Ibikurikira urup 18

Mu muhango wo gushyingura mu cyubahiro. Bashyize hamwe.

TWIGIRE KU MATEKA TWUBAKA EJO HAZAZA

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika ruherutse gushyingurwamo imibiri isaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu

IBuKA, AmAGAnA urwAnyE JEnOsIdE

bazashyira hamwe, ahari ikibi hajye icyiza »

U b u h a m y a b w a k u r i k i w e n’ijambo rya Perezida wa Ibuka, Professeur D u s i n g i z e m u n g u Jean Pierre wabimbuye ijambo rye yihanganisha kandi afata mu mugongo ababuze ababo. Yashimye kandi uburyo abaturage bashyize hamwe mu gutegura igikorwa cyo gushyingura ati « biragaragara ko ejo Abanyarwanda bazashyira hamwe ahari ikibi hakajya icyiza ».

P r o f . D u s i n g i z e m u n g u yashimye Umuryango Unity Club watanze inkunga ikomeye yo kubaka ruriya rwibutso r w a s h y i n g u w e m o avuga icyakora ko mu rwibutso

hakibura igice kirebana n’amateka, dore ko, nk’uko yaje kubisobanura, amateka yo muri ako gace yihariye, kuko na mbere muri za 63, mu gihe ngo ahandi henshi batwikiraga gusa Abatutsi bakarya inka zabo, muri ibyo bice bya Cyanika ho abantu bari batangiye kwicwa.

Ageze ku kibazo c y ’ u b u t a b e r a , Perezida wa Ibuka yavuze ko n’ubwo hari byinshi byakozwe inzira ikiri ndende « kuba abantu nka ba Bucyibaruta Laurent bakidegembya ». NDLR : Bukibaruta Laurent yari Perefe wa Gikongoro mu bihe bya Jenoside.

Amakoperative y’abarokotse yafasha

no mu gutanga amakuru mu

kunganira ubutaberaDus ing i z emungu

yifuje ko abacitse ku icumu bakwibumbira

mu makoperative abafasha gukemura ibibazo bafite, ariko akaba yabafasha no gutanga amakuru yafasha ubutabera, bataretse no kwandika ibyababayeho.

Nyuma y’ijambo rya Perezida wa Ibuka, U m u n y a m a b a n g a Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, Hon. Mucyo Jean de Dieu, yasabye a b a s h y i n g u y e n’abandi bose bibukaga ababo k u d a h e r a n w a n ’ a g a h i n d a , ati « tubibuke iteka, emwe tunabaririre ariko ntiduhereyo », kugira ngo « abadusize bajye bavuga bati bariya bana baraduhesha ishema ».

Yagarutse ku gushima abagize uruhare mu kugira ngo habe hari abantu

babashije kurokoka ati « Bari bazi ko ntawe uzasigara, murebe uko tungana…iyo tutagira FPR na Prezida Kagame tuba turi he ? »

Yasabye abagifite abantu bashyinguye mu ngo kubazana mu Rwibutso, ati « Tubashyize ahantu heza, twabasukuye, nituba tutakinariho a b a d u k o m o k a h o bazaza babibuke». Yatangaje ko hari

Kaminuza imwe yo mu gihugu c y ’ U b w o n g e r e z a « Cranfield University » ifasha u Rwanda mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya imibiri ku buryo yabikwa igihe kinini(mu rwego rwo kugira ngo hatazigera habaho igihe ibimenyetso bya Jenoside byose byasibangana).

Ibyabaye nti byari impanuka, byari

byarateguwe

Ku bijyanye n’amateka, Hon. Mucyo yatangaje ko hari imishinga ibiri yo kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi izashyirwa mu bikorwa uyu mwaka : uwo kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Gikongoro na B u t a r e ( ha bu m bye ikitwaga Ubufundu n’Ubunyambir ir i ) , n’uwo kwandika ku mateka ya Jenoside muri Bugesera na Ngo ma ( ha bumbye uduce twa Kibungo na Rukumberi).

U w a s a n g i z a g a

amagambo muri uyu muhango yatangaje ko ziriya n z i r a k a r e n g a n e zimaze kwicwa, hari ibimodoka bya « Caterpilar » bya Leta byacukuye ibyobo rusange byo kubashyiramo. Akemeza ko ibyabaye atari impanuka, byari byarateguwe ».

Naho umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo, mu ndirimbo nziza yahimbiye icyo gikorwa yagejeje ubutumwa ku barokotse agira ati « kuko twamenye amacakubiri, ni twebwe tuzahamya ubumwe, kuko twagiriwe urwango tuzaba abahamya b’urukundo ».

Muri uwo muhango h a t a n g a j w e ko urwibutso rwa Cyanika r w a s h y i n g u w e m o uwo munsi abasaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu, ruzatahwa mu kwezi kwa gatanu uyu mwaka.

Byakiriwe na Hakizimana Isaac na Rwagahirima Antoine

Ibikurikira urup 17

Minisitiri Inyumba Aloysie, wari umushyitsi Mukuru, waje uhagarariye Nyakubahwa Jeannette Kagame, ashyira indabo ku mva.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG, Hon. MUCYO Jean de Dieu

Ikinyamakuru cya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ... · wa Nyabinoni ntiwari uhagarariwe). Aba bakangurambaga bagaragaje ko uko umwaka utashye ariko barushaho kugira ubumenyi

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