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Indian Journal o f Fibre Textile Resea rch
Vol. 30. Jun e 2005. pp. 211-214
Effect of some ring spi nning and winding
parameters on extra sensitive yarn
imperfectiom
U
Arindam Basuo Rajanna Got ipamul
The
South India Textile Research Assoc iation,
Co
imb atore 641014, India
Received 30 April 2 4;
revised received
l{
l accepted
29
Septe
er 2 4
The effect of va rious ring spinning paramete rs and winding
machine parameters on the ya rn
quality
has been studied at hi gher
sensiti
vi
ty l
eve
ls using thc
capac
itance type t
es
ter.
Th
e re lation
ship between ex tra sensitive
imperfec
tions and infrequent ya rn
faults has also been studied. It is observed that the spacer size ,
br
ea
k draft and sp indle speed of ring frame influen
ce
the
imp
er
fect ions and c lassimat fault s With the increase in twi st multipli er
the ya rn quality improves initially and after a ce rta in stage there is
an inc rea se in imperfec tions wit h increased twi st multipli er
Within the chosen limit the
ef
fect of winding speed and ten s ion
weight of
hi
gh speed autoconer on imperfectio ns is minimal.
Kcyword3: C lassima t fau lts, Rin g sp inning, Winding parameter,
Yarn imperfections
fPC Code: Int. CI.
7
D02G3/00
With the passage
of
time, the quality
of
the
ya
rn s has
improved to a great extent and the improvement is
continuous in nature. The studies conduc ted by
SITRA show that the CSP and evenness
of
cotton
yarns have improved up to an extent
of 40
and 35
respectively since 1966. The yarn imperfections con
sisting of thin places, thick places and neps (measured
by capacitance type tester) have reduced considerably.
Similar observation has also been made by Zell
weger Uster
2
In all these studies, the imperfections
were represented by thin places , thick places and neps
at sensitivity levels
-50
,
+50
and +2
00
respec
tiveli
. Due to the advent of modern se nsors, it is now
possible to assess the imperfections at more sensitive
levels also. A studl conducted by SITRA shows that
the inclusion
of
thin places, thick places and neps at
Part
of
this paper has been prese nted
at
the 45
h
Joint Techno
logica l
Co
nference of ATIRA, BTRA, SITRA and NITRA , held
at BTRA , Mumbai , on 26-27 February 2004.
t>ro whom a ll the correspondence should be addressed.
Ph
one:
2574367-9; Fax: +91-422-2571896;
E-mail : [email protected]
more sens itive levels (-40 ,+35 ,+140) along
with the conventionally used levels (-50 , +50 ,
+200 )improves the predictability of yarn appear
ance. The present paper reports the influence of vari
ous process parameters
of
card and comber on the
extra sensitive yarn imperfections. Based on the feed
back from the industry, the
st
udy has been extended
to ring sp inning and winding machines with the fol
lowing objectives: (i) to study the influence
of
ring
sp inning process parameters, such as spindle speed,
spacer size, break draft, twist multiplier and traveller
weight, on the extra sensitive yarn imperfections ; (
ii
)
to study the influence
of
important process parameters
of
automatic winding machines, such as winding
speed and tension weight, on the extra sensitive yarn
imperfections; and (iii) to study the relationship be
tween extra sensitive yarn imperfections and classimat
faults.
For initial trials , cotton yarns of med ium count (40s
CH
and fine COLlnt (80s CW were spun with varying
process parameters.
The
spindle speed was varied
from 12500 rpm to 14000 rpm for 40s CH yarn and
from 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm for 80s CW yarn. The
spacer size was varied from 2 .
75mm
to 3.5mm and
the break draft from 1.19 to lAO The traveller size
(16/0, 15/0 and 14/0) and
TM
(3.8, 4.0 and 4 .2) were
varied at 3 levels. For polyester/cotton (48/52) yarn ,
the spindle speed was varied from 14000 rpm to
20000
rpm , spacer size from
2.5mm
to 3.5mm and
bceak draft from 1.18 to 1.28. The traveller size and
TM were maintained at 3 levels The process pa
rameters were changed
one
at a time, keeping the oth
ers constant. In all, thirty-four yarn samples were pro
duced on ring frame using 100 cotton and polyes
ter/cotton blend to assess the impact
of
chosen process
variables on the major yarn properties.
In
second stage
of
study, the trials were undertaken
on winding machine to study the effect of process
variables on yarn properties. The winding speed (800,
1200 and 1600rnlmin) and tension weight (24, 30 and
36g) were varied at 3 levels . Four yarn counts were
selected: two medium counts (30s and 40s) and two
fine counts (60s and 92s). In all, twenty trials were
conducted. The yarn samples were assessed for im
portant yarn properties, such as imperfections , classi
mat faults, single yam strength and hairiness .
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212
fNOIAN 1 FIBRE TEXT
.
RES.,
JUNE 2005
In the case of 80s CW yarn (Table 1), the imper
fections at 50 ,+50 and +200 sensitivity levels
increase at the rate of
9-20 by changing the spindle
speed fro m 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm. Similar trend is
also observed at extra sensitivity imperfections. As a
result, the total normal levels (-50 , +50 and
+200 )and extra sensitivity levels (-40 ,+35 and
+140 ) imperfections increase by 15 in both th e
cases on increasing the spindle speed. The increase in
imperfections with spindle speed is also observed in
case of 40s CH count. The classimat faults show
overa
ll
increasing trend with increased spindle speed.
The increase
is
about 18 when spindle speed is in
creased from 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm.
In case of 40s PIC yarns, no change is observed in
imperfections and classimat faults by changing
th
e
spindle speed from 14000 rpm to 18000 rpm, whereas
in case of 80s
PIC
yarns, there is 10-15 increase in
imperfections. Consistent trend is not observed in
classimat faults with the increase in spindle speed.
In
the case
of 40
s
CH
yarn,
it is
observed that as
the spacer size increases from 3.0mm to 3.5mm, the
imperfections, both at normal level and at extra sensi
tivity level, decrease . There is a marginal increase in
classimat short thick faults. For 80s CW and 40s PIC
yams (Table 2), the changes within the experimental
limit are significant. In both the counts, the minimum
number
of
imperfections (both normal and extra sen
sitive) is observed when spacer size is minimum (80s
CW, 2.75mm; and 40s PIC 2.5mm). With the in-
crease in spacer size the yarn quali ty deteriorates.
Hence, it appears that the optimum spacer size is
achieved with the minimum size in experimental
range. In the case of 80s PIC yarn, th e imperfections
decrease with
th
e increase in spacer size from 2.5mm
to 3.0mm, though the change from 2.8mm to 3.0mm
is marginal. The classimat faults do not follow a
similar trend. The short thick faults increase when
spacer size of 2.8mm is used and margi nally reduce
from that level when spacer size of 3.0mm is used .
Tables 1 and 2 show that
th
e overall yarn quality in
terms of imperfec tions, classimat faul
ts
and hairiness
improve significantly with lower break draft in case
of polyesterlcotton blended yarn.
The
yarns (40s and
80s Ne) made from 100 cotton do not show any
particular trend with the chosen break draft. On the
other side, the improvement is linear with the break
draft in
PIC
blended yarns. t has been observed that
as the break draft increases, the imperfections as well
as classimat faults increase. The same trend is also
observed in case of 80s PIC yarn. The classimat faults
show a decreasing trend at lower break draft. This is
due to the better fibre control during spinning at lower
break draft. From the results, it can be inferred that
the improvement is more distinct in classimat faults
than in imperfections with lower break draft. There is
30-70 improvement in classimat faults and 10-15
in imperfections.
From Table 1, it can be observed that the influence
of traveller weight on imperfections is significant at
Table I Effect of
ring frame parameters on
yarn
imp
e
rfections and c1assimat faults
(80s CW)
Yarn parameter
SEindle sEeed,
:Em
SEacer
size, mm
Break
draft
Traveller
No
.
TM
16000 17000 18500
2.
75
3.
00 3.50 1.21 1.30
1.40 16/0 15/0 14/0 3.8
4.0
4.2
Imperfections/km
Thin places
-
40
817
883 1003
817
884
864
817 994
1059
817 1000
873 817
788
878
-
50
75
86
94
75
88
85
75
100
152
75
102
78
75
63
84
Thick places
+35
1521
1561
1695
1521 1526 1511
1521
1574 1517
1521
1737 1623 1521
1459
1530
+50 371 396 454
371 367 377 371 399 368 371
469 401
371
346
386
Nep
s
+140
1307
1436 1530
1307 1212
1340 1307 1514 1417
1307
1605
1427
1307
1358
1397
+200
403
432 445
403 364
413 403 440
421 403 454 405
403
405
413
Total imperfections
Normal
(-50%,
+50,
+200
%)
848
914 993
848 819
875
848 939 939
848 1025 884
848 814 883
Extra
s nsitiv
(-40%, +35%,
+140%) 3645 3880
4228
3645
3622
3715 3645
4082 3993
3645
4342
3923 3645 3605
3805
Total classimat
1855
1825 2263
1855 2113
2218
1855 1825
1574
1855 1956
1869 1855
1752 1682
fauits/IOO
km
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
213
the chosen traveller weight. As the traveller No. de- weight. The total c1assimat faults show marginal dete-
creases from 16/0 (lighter traveller) to 14/0 (heavier
rioration with increased traveller weight.
traveller), the yarn quality deteriorates in terms
of
t can be observed from Table 1 that with the initial
normal and extra sensitive imperfections.
For
the cho-
increase in TM, the yarn quality improves in terms of
sen limit
of
traveller weight, the imperfections in- imperfections. This can be explained on the basis
of
crease by 7-10% for both the cases (normal as well as better consolidation
of
fibres in the yarn with higher
extra sensitive imperfections) with increased traveller twist level. The normal as well as extra sensitive im-
Table 2 Effec t
of
ring frame parameters on ya
rn
imperfections and classimat faults (40s
C
Yarn parameter
SQindle
sQeed
, :.Qm SQacer size,
mm
Break draft
Traveller No. TM
14000 16000 18000 2.5
3.0 3.5
1.18 1.22 1.28 4 0
6 0
8 0 3.16 3.40 3.60
Imperfections/km
Thin places
-40%
171
175
194 15
3 1
75
170 180 175 220 200 175
178
201
175
204
-50%
5
9
8
6
9 7
8
9
9 8
9 7 13
9
11
Thick places
+35%
565 546
581
490 546
591
543 546 612 584 546
603 565
546 622
+50% 94
112
108
82 112
116 102 112 106 108
112
108 96
112
125
Neps
+140%
676 682 672 618 682 690 615 682 779 687 682 672 693
682
764
+200%
186
200 164
164
200 205 1
82
200 208
199
200 189 183
200
211
Total imperfections
Normal
(-50 ,+50%, +200%)
285
321
300 252
32
1 328 292 321 323 315 321 304 292
321
347
Extra sensitive
(-40
,
+35%, +140%)
141
2 1403 1447
1261
1403
1451
1338
1403 1611 1471
1403 1453 1459 1403 1590
Total c1assimat
838 1062 770 85 1 1062 794
663
1062
1082
874 1062 902
880
1062 945
faultS/IOO km
Table 3 - Effect
of
winding speed on yarn impe
rf
ect ions and
cl
assimat faults (40s CH)
Yarn parameter
Ring Tension
wI.
(24 g
Tension
wI.
(30
g
Tension
wI.
(36
g
yarn
800 1200
1600 800 1200 1600 800 1200' 1600'
Imperfections/km
Thin places
-40%
124
185 165
238 266
248
147
146 146
13
4
-50%
5 4 4
20 16 21
3
4 4
2
Thick places
+35%
370
452
407 497
517 429 413 422 455 397
+50%
44 45 45
58
56
42
44 44 48 46
Neps
+140%
459
493 486
582 538
521
519 483 511
506
+200%
120
107
101
121 112
112 103 108 106
103
Total imperfections
Normal
(-50%, +50
,
+200%)
169 156
150
199 184
175
ISO 156
158
lSI
Extra sensitive
(-40 ,+35%, +140%)
953 1130
105
8 1317
1321
1198 1079
1051 1112 1037
Total classimat faults/IOO
km
310
326
444
385 329
376 428
350 320 484
Winding speed in rnImin.
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INDIAN J FIBRE TEXT. RES JUN E 2005
perfections thus decrease marginally for the two
cou nts, especially with a reduction in number
of
thin
places in the yarn. Thereafter, with the increase in
TM
the imperfections increase.
This
may be due to
the fi bre rupture with higher longitudinal strain at
higher
TM
, resulting in increase in
number
of
thin
places (weak spots) in the ya rn.
Ta
ble I also shows that after winding, the parent
ya
rn quality deteriorates in terms
of
imperfections and
classimat faults. Comparing with parent
ya
rn, the con
sol id ated extra sensitive imperfections and classimat
faults increase by 20-25 after winding.
There
is no
change
in
normal imperfections. All the four counts
show the same result. When the winding speed is in
creased by about 20 ,no clear trend is observed for
imperfections and
c1a
ss imat faults, i.e. th e chosen
limits
of
winding sp
ee
d are insignificant to yarn qual
ity for the four counts studied (Table 3).
Three levels
of
tension weight have been chosen at
co nstant winding speed for each count. t is observed
that the influence
of
tension weight on imperfec tions
and c1assimat faults
is
not clear.
The
limits chosen are
insignificant to the yarn quality for the four counts
studied.
An attempt has also been made to find out the rela
tionship between frequently occUlTing faults (imper-
fections) and se ldom occurring faults (classimat
faults). t is observed that a strong and positive con-e
lation exists between impe
rf
ec tions (both n
or
mal and
extra sensitive) and ass imat faults,
espec
ially with
short thick faults , ABCD (r=0.87 - 0.89) and objec
tionable faults
r
0.85).
The
long thick faults (
EFG
,
r