Ijaz, MK, FDA’s Non-prescription Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, Gaithersburg, MD, March 2 HAND HYGIENE: VIRAL SURROGATES TO DEMONSTRATE EFFICACY OF TOPICALS AGAINST VIRUSES M. Khalid Ijaz, D.V.M., Ph.D. Director and Vice President Division of Aerobiology, Protozoology and Virology MICROBIOTEST, INC., Sterling, VA 20164 and Affiliate Professor Department of Molecular and Microbiology George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
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Ijaz, MK, FDA’s Non-prescription Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, Gaithersburg, MD, March 23, 2004 HAND HYGIENE: VIRAL SURROGATES TO DEMONSTRATE EFFICACY.
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VIRUSES, PUBLIC HEALTH AND HAND HYGIENE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE MAJOR FACTORS IN TESTING THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HANDWASH & HANDRUB AGENTS IN VIVO TESTING OF TOPICALS TESING OF HYGIENIC HANDWASH AGENTS AGAINST VIRUSES IN VIVO THE FINGERPAD METHOD AND DATA GENERATED AT MICROBIOTEST ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Major Etiological Agents of Infectious Diseases Identified since 1972*
Over the > 30 years, a number of emerging and re-emerging viruses has dominated the scientific literature.
In 70s, enteric (rotavirus, Norwalk), Ebola, Hantaan viruses
In 80s, retroviruses including HIV AIDS and hepatitis C
In 90s, Sin Nombre, HEV, HGV, HFV, Nipah & Hendra, West Nile viruses and Prion)
In 2000s, FMDV, avian influenza, SARS-HCoV
(Partly from Desselberger, 2000
FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO SPREAD OF NEW, EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING VIRAL DISEASES INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED TO GLOBAL TRAVEL AND MASS MOVEMENTS, HUMAN DEMOGRAPHICS AND BEHAVIOUR, VIRAL GENOME CHANGE AND ADAPTATION AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY INTENSIFICATION ETC.
FOR RHINOVIRUS 12 & FOR BVDV 6 SUBJECTS WERE USED. 10 uL OF EACH VIRAL INOCULA WAS PLACED ON EACH DIGIT & DRIED. EXPOSED TO 1 mL OF THE PRODUCT FOR 15 S. POST-EXPOSURE, ELUATE WERE ASSAYED FOR RESIDUALINFECTIOUS VIRUS AND LOG 10 REDUCTION WAS CALCULATED.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ALCOHAL-BASED HAND GEL AGAINST RHINOVIRUS AND BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA
CONCLUSIONS HAND ANTISEPTIC AGENTS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN INTERRUPTION OF VIRAL DISSEMINATION FROM SURAFCE-TO- HAND-TO-HAND AND FINGERTIPS TO MOUTH FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO HUMAN POPULATIONS. GLP VIRUCIDAL METHODS FOR TESTING EFFICACY OF HAND ANTISEPTIC AGENTS ARE AVAILABLE. DATA GENERATED BY FINGERPAD METHOD HERE IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE CONFIRMED THE VIRUCIDAL DATA GENERATED BY THE WHOLE-HAND METHOD.
SURVIVAL AND DISINFECTION STUDIES OF VIRUSES IN BLOOD AND CELL-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES UNDERWAY.
LITERATURE FOR FURTHER READINGLITERATURE FOR FURTHER READINGAnsari S.A. & Sattar, S.A. (2002). The Need and Methods for Assessing the Activity of Topical Agents against Viruses. In Handbook of Topical
Antimicrobials: Industrial Applications in Consumer Products and Pharmaceuticals, D. Paulson (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. Pages 411-445.
Ansari, S.A. et al. (1989). In vivo protocol for testing efficacy of hand-washing agents against viruses & bacteria: Expts. with rotavirus & Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 (12):3113-3118.
Ansari, S.A. et al. (1991). Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: Studies with human parainfluenzavirus 3 & rhinovirus 14. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2115-2119.
ASTM (2002). Standard Test Method for Determining the Virus-Eliminating Effectiveness of Liquid Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using the Fingerpads of Adult Volunteers (#E-1838-02).
Aitken, C and Jeffries, D. Nosocomial spread of viral diseases. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2001; 14: 528-546 Bidawid, S. et al. (2000). Contamination of foods by food handlers: experiments on hepatitis A virus transfer to food its interruption. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2759-2763. Desselberger U. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. J. Infect. 2000, 40:3-15.Ijaz, MK, AH Brunner, SA Sattar, and CM Johnson-Lussenburg. Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E. Journal of Gen. Virology 66:2843-2748, 1985.Ijaz, MK, MI Sabara, PJ Frenchick, and LA Babiuk. Assessment of intestinal damage in rotavirus infected newborn mice by D-xylose absorption test. Journal of Virological Methods 18: 153-157, 1987.Ijaz, MK, D Dent, D Haines, and LA Babiuk. Development of a murine model to study the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection. Experimental and
Molecular Pathology 51:186-204, 1989. Sattar, SA, Ijaz, MK. Transmission of viral infections through airborne route. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 17: 89-131, 1987.Sattar SA, Tetro J, Springthorpe VS, Giulivi A. (2001). Preventing the spread of hepatitis B and C viruses: where are germicides relevant? Am J Infect Control 2001, 29:187-97.Sattar, SA and MK Ijaz. Airborne Viruses. In: Manual of Environmental Microbiology. P Wilkes and LD Stenzenbach (eds.) ASM press,
Washington, USA, p. 871-883,2002.Sattar, S.A. et al. (2002). Hygienic hand antiseptics: should they not have activity and label claims against viruses? Am. J. Infect. Control. 30:
355-372.Westwood, JCN and Sattar, SA. The minimal infectious dose. In: G Berg et al., eds. Viruses in Water. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. 1976, pp.61-69.