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IJAMS I International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences ISSN: 2455-6246
ABSTRACT
Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders
Vishal Prajapati, Rakesh Kumar Nagar
Department of Kaumarbhritya, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India
INTRODUCTION
Allergy
Allergy is acquired hypersensitivity to a substance (allergen) that
does not normally cause a reaction. An immune response to a
foreign antigen can result in inflammation and even organ
dysfunction. [1]
The word allergy is derived from the Greek words
"allos" meaning different or changed and "ergos" meaning work or
action. Allergy roughly refers to an "altered reaction". An allergy
refers to an exaggerated reaction by the immune system in response
to exposure to certain foreign substances that usually do not elicit
any harmful response in non-allergic individuals. [2]
This
misidentification kicks off a series of events known as an allergic
cascade that result in an allergic reaction and uncomfortable allergy
symptoms. Those substances a person is sensitive to are called as
“allergens”.
The incidence
Worldwide, the rise in prevalence of allergic diseases has continued
in the industrialized world for more than 50 years. There appears to
be an increase in the incidence of allergic disorders over the years,
which could be related to modern lifestyle characteristics,
environmental pollution and an increasing awareness of the disorder.
Worldwide sensitization rates to one or more common allergens
among school children are currently approaching 40%-50%. These
allergic diseases comprise of asthma, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, drug,
food and insect allergy eczema, urticaria and angioedema.
Approximately 20%- 30% of total population suffers from at least
one of these allergic diseases in India. [3]
In 2012, 10.6% or 7.8
million children reported respiratory allergies in the past 12 months.
Allergy is the 5th
leading chronic disease in the U.S. among all ages,
and the 3rd
most common chronic disease among children under 18
years old. [4]
Respiratory allergic disorders
Respiratory allergic disorders (RADs) mainly include symptoms of
asthma, i.e. recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath,
chest tightness and coughing. [5]
It is also known as ‘extrinsic’ or
‘atopic’ asthma and is one of the types of bronchial asthma. A
committee of the American Thoracic Society has defined asthma as
a disease characterized by an increased responsiveness of trachea
and bronchi to various stimuli, manifested by wide spread narrowing
of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a
result of treatment.
Respiratory allergic disorders in Ayurveda
As per different etiological factors and symptoms of RAD, in
Ayurveda it can be correlated with one of the five types of Shwasa
rogas (respiratory disorders), the Tamaka Shwasa. The word
Tamaka Shwasa comprises of two words ‘Tamaka’ and ‘Shwasa’.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts abnormally to normally harmless substances present in environment or
body. Approximately 10% to 30% of individuals in the industrialized world are affected by allergic disorders and this number is
further increasing, owing to modern lifestyle, environmental pollution and an increasing awareness of this entity. In India,
approximately 20% to 30% of the total population suffers from at least one of the allergic diseases. Respiratory allergic disorders
(R.A.D.) mainly manifest as symptoms of asthma, i.e. recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness in chest and
coughing.As per different etiological factors and symptoms of respiratory allergic disorders, it can be correlated with Tamaka Shwasa
in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic treatment of Tamaka Shwasa includes Sanshodhana, followed by Sanshamana, but for that one has to follow
specific diet plan and has to spare more time from his fast and busy life schedule. So there is a challenge of treating the disease without
interference in the daily routine of an individual. This paper specifically throws light on meeting aforesaid needs with some effective
Ayurvedic drugs possessing mucolytic, immnomodulator, Agnideepaka, Vatanulomaka and Rasayana properties.
Key words: Ayurveda, Immunomodulator, Rasayana, Respiratory Allergic disorders, Tamaka Shwasa
Address for correspondence: Dr.Vishal Prajapati,
PG scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya,
National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India.
Email: [email protected]
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Prajapati and Nagar: Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders
International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 33
The word Tamaka means a state in which a sense of darkness
prevails due to movement of Prana Vayu (forward moving air) in
wrong direction; Shwasa word in normal terminology means
respiration. In the present context, Shwasa means disease pertaining
to breathing.
Ayurvedic management of RAD
Quite similar to classical Ayurvedic management of other diseases,
Shodhana & Shamana [6]
are also required in RADs. But as this is
quite time consuming and requires much more diet restriction, in the
present busy lifestyle, it is preferable -
to develop an OPD based treatment, which is convenient and
comfortable to the patient, without affecting the work efficiency.
to minimize or even negate the requirement of IPD stay or
regular Shodhana therapy.
to develop newer more palatable forms of oral medications for
the pediatric age group.
Ayurvedic drugs having properties of relevance in management of
RAD, e.g. mucolytic, immunomodulator, Agnideepaka,
Vatanulomaka, Rasayana etc. as explained in various Ayurvedic
texts and/or supported by modern evidences, should be considered
for fulfilling aforesaid purposes. Furthermore, management of
allergic disorders (at least non-severe ones) by Ayurvedic drugs may
offer an additional advantage of enhancing the inherent ability of
immune system to cope well with the allergens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This includes:
1. Building a hypothesis for RADs, on the basis of aetio-
pathogenesis of Tamaka shwasa (and allergic disorders)
described in Ayurvedic literatures.
2. On the basis of this hypothesis, compile and/or review some
Ayurvedic drugs which can be potentially useful in RADs.
Review of Tamaka Shwasa in relation to RADS
Types of Tamaka Shwasa
As said before, due to similarities in symptoms [Table 1] and
aetiology [Table 2 and 3], the RADs can be most closely correlated
to Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda. To facilitate a proper selection for
drugs for effective management of RADs, a brief understanding of
spectrum of Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is necessary. Charaka has
further classified Tamaka Shwasa into two: [7]
i. Pratamaka: This type of Tamaka Shwasa has involvement of
Pitta dosha. When a patient of Tamaka Shwasa develops fever
and unconsciousness, that condition is called Pratamaka. It is
aggravated by upward movement of gas (Udavarta), dust,
indigestion, humidity (Kleda), suppression of natural urges, Tamo
guna and darkness. A patient in this stage will get instant relief
by cooling regimens, whereas in all practical senses cooling
regimens tend to aggravate the Tamaka Shwasa. Chakrapani
explains that this is due to the Pitta sambandhatwa (close
association).
ii. Santamaka: When a patient of Pratamaka feels immersed in
darkness, that condition is called Santamaka Shwasa. Chakrapani
has opined that Pratamaka and Santamaka are synonymous, but
Charaka mentions them as separate entities, probably because of
difference in intensity of the attack. Chakrapani says that the
patient of Pratamaka gets relief with Sheetopachara (cool
treatments) in the same way as madya (alcohol) can itself be used
to treat Madya Vikaras (alcoholic disorders) [~Nidanarthakara
chikitsa].
Table 1: Lakshana (symptoms) of Tamaka Shwasa
S.
No.
Rupa C.S.
[8] S.S.
[9] V.
[10],[11] M.N.
[12]
1. Kasa (cough) + + + +
2. Pinsa (rhinorrhea) + - + +
3. Ghurghurka (wheezing) + + + +
4. Tivra vega shvasa (dyspnea,
tachypnea) + + + +
5. Prana peedakam shvasa
(tachycardia) + - + +
6. Vegayukta kasa (bouts of
cough) + + + +
7. Pratamyati (fever) + - + +
8. Shleshmanyamuchyamane
bhrisam bhavati dukhitah
(productive)
+ - - +
9. Vimokshante muhurtam
labhate sukham (temporary
relief after sputum)
+ - + +
10 Kanthavidhwansha (irritation
in throat) + - - +
11 Speech difficulty + - - +
12 Anidra (sleep disturbance) + - - +
13 Aseeno labhate saukhyam
(orthopnoea) + + + +
14 Ushnabhinandan (Desire or
gets pleasure with hot things) + _ + +
15 Shayane shvasa peedita
(discomfort at supine) + + + +
16 Uchhritakshata (prominent
eyes) + - + +
17 Lalata sweda (sweating on
forehead) + + + +
18 Arati (restlessness) + - + +
19 Vishushka asya (dry mouth) + - + +
20 Muhu shvasa (paroxysm of
dyspnea) + - + +
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Prajapati and Nagar: Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders
International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 34
21 Vamathu (vomiting) - + - -
22 Trishna (thirst) - + + -
23 Vepathu (tremors) - - + -
24 Annadwesha (loss of appetite) - + + -
25 Jvara (fever) + + + -
Table 2: Shwasa roga as upadrava (complication) in different
diseases
S.No. Name of Vyadhi (disease) C.S.[7]
S.S.[8]
A.[9],[10]
M.N.[11]
1. Atisara (diarrhea) - - - +
2. Raktapitta (epistaxis) + + - +
3. Chardi (vomiting) - - - +
4. Shotha (swelling in the body) + - - -
5. Gala Shundika Shotha
(~ tonsillitis) - + - -
6. Gara Visha (artificial
poisons/toxic combinations) - - - +
7. Jwara (fever) - - + +
C.S.=Charaka Samhita, S.S.=Sushruta Samhita, A.=Ashtanga (Sangraha/Hridaya),
M.N.=Madhava Nidana
Table 3: Various etiological factors which can cause of
Respiratory Allergic Disorders (as per classics) [9], [10]
Agnimandaykara
(factors slowing
the digestion)
Dosha Prakopaka
(factors vitiating
the Dosha)
Khavaigunyakara
(factors making
the channels
defective)
Dushya
Daurbalyakara
(factors
weakening the
Dushya)
Nishpava (a
legume), Masha
(black gram),
Pinyaka (oil cakes),
Tila taila (sesame
oil), Aama kshira
(unprocessed milk),
Dadhi (curd),
Anupa mamsa
(flesh of swampy
animals), Pishtanna
(eatables prepared
from ground and
pasted grains),
Adhyashana (taking
food before
previous one has
been digested),
Visham ashana
(taking of
incompatible diets)
Ruksha anna
(rough
foods),Guru
ahara (heavy
diet),Sheetpaana
(cold drinks),
Sheeta asana
(cold food),
Vishtambhi ahara
(foods that cause
partial obstruction
of the channels),
Vidahi ahara
(food that causes
burning)
Raja (dust),
Dhooma (smoke),
Purovata (exposure
to direct winds),
Atapa (exposure to
sun) ,
Vega sandharana
(suppression of
natural urges),
Vyayama
(exercise),
Marmaghata
(trauma of vital
parts), Kantha
pratighata (trauma
in throat),
Urapratighata
(trauma in chest
region),
Sheetasthana asana
(living in cold
places)
Apatarpana
(fasting/
nutritional
depletion),
Vishasevana
(consumption of
poisonous
things),
Shodhana
(excess cleaning
of body), Karma
atiyoga (excess
of work)
In children, Shwasa roga can also occur following conditions as
untreatable Kasa (cough), Gastrointestinal tract infections (Ama
atisara), aspiration (Vamathu – regurgitation is a usual cause of
aspiration), toxic or anaphylactic (Visha) hemolytic disorders in
infants or with a chronic anemia (Pandu), pulmonary disease or
exposure to allergen.[13]
Samaprapti (Etio-Pathogenesis) of Respiratory Allergic
Disorders
As there is no direct description of RADs in our classics, a probable
hypothesis regarding its pathogenesis can be as follows. Allergic
reactions are provoked by the contact, inhalation, ingestion and
infections with allergens, which are included under Agantuja
nidana. In Ayurveda, Sparshnendriya (skin, in limited sense) is
mentioned as Vyapaka, i.e. it pervades all Indriyas (sense organs).
As per Charaka, Asatmya-Indriyartha Samyoga (unhealthy
exposure) is because of the contact of any Asatmya (unwanted or
unhealthy) substance to the Twagendriya residing within all other
Indriyas. It can further be categorized into 5 types, [14], [15]
and hence
RAD can also be differentiated into five types.
Thus, any allergen first of all comes in contact with
Sparshanendriya including nasal mucosa, bronchial mucosa,
conjunctiva, gastrointestinal mucosa etc., which then vitiates the
thereby situated Vata dosha. The mental and physical factors can
also lead to Vata prakopa (vitiation). Hence in allergic disorders, the
first and foremost dosha involved is Vata. This vitiated Vata enters
the ‘Pranavaha Srotas’ and provokes the ‘Urastha (thoracic)
Kapha’. This vitiated Vayu along with the Kapha then causes
obstruction in respiratory channels, leading to the Vilomatwa
(abnormal movement) of Prana Vayu. Later on as the condition
further aggravates (infection flare), Pitta dosha also gets involved.
The impaired Agni fails to digest and metabolise the consumed food
completely, which results in ama formation. Consequently, the
Dhatwagni (metabolic fire) also gets vitiated. Dhatwagni dushti
(derangement) results in Sroto dushti (abnormalities in body
channels). Physical exertion can also further contribute to the
Pranavaha Sroto vaigunyata (derangement). This functional
derangement of Pranavaha Srotas can then get accentuated to a full-
fledged Sroto dusti by the interaction of any of the precipitating
causes like dust, smoke, wind, marmaghata (injury to vitals) and use
of excessive cold water. Once such Srotodushti has occurred, the
Prana Vayu becomes abnormal due to the pathological processes,
sanga (obstruction) and Vimarga gamana (movement astray). This
ultimately manifests in the form of symptoms as running nose,
excessive sneezing, breathlessness, sudden onset wheezing, itching
and watering of eyes and inflamed eyelids, all of which closely
resembles to what happens in RADs.
Drug review
In various Ayurvedic texts, many drugs & compositions are
indicated for the management of Shwasa and hence the related
condition like RADs, some of them are being briefed here in [Table
4] and the following description.
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International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 35
Table 4: Various drug compositions useful in Shwasa and
related conditions like RAD S.
No.
Ayurvedic
preparations
References S.
No.
Ayurvedic
preparations
References
CHURNA (Powdered form)
1. Shatyadi
Churna
Ch. Chi.17/123-
124
5. Sitopaladi
churna
S.S.Madhyam
6/134-135 ½
2. Shtyadi
Yoga
Ch. Chi.17/129 6. Talishadi
churna
S.S.Madhyam
6/130-131 1/2,
B.R. Kasaroga
dhikara 15/36-37
3. Phalatrikadi
Churna
Su. Utt.52/15 7. Shringyadi
Churna
Yogaratnakar,
Cha. Da.
4. Haridradi
Churna
B.R.Hikkaswasr
ogadhikar16/16,
29, Cha. Da.
VATI (Tablets)
1. Vyoshadi
Vati
S.Y.GutikaYoga
Prakarana
3. Lavangadi
vati
Vaidyajivanam,
kasachikitsa 7,
B.R. Kasarog
adhikara 15/35
2. Eladi vati B.R. Raktapitta
dhikara 32-33
4. Marichyadi
vati
S.S.
Madhyamkhand
AVALEHA (The lickables)
1. Duralabhadi
leha
Ch. Chi. 18/50 6. Agastyavale
ha
Su. Utt. 52/43-47
2. Duhasprsha
di leha
Ch. Chi. 18/51 7. Kantakari
avaleha
Sha. Madhyam.
8/5-8
3. Chitrakadi
leha
Ch. Chi. 18/53-
56
8. Bharngyadil
eha
Su. Utt. 51/44,
Cha Da., B.R. Kas
rogadhikara 15/5
4. Drakshadya
vleha
Su. Utt. 51/40,
Cha. Da., B.R.
Kasarogadhikaa
15/9
9. Chyavanapr
ash
Ch. Chi. 1(1)/62-
69
5. Vyaghriharit
aki
B.R.,Kasachikits
adhikara
169/172, Ch.
Da.
10. Agastyaharit
aki
Rasayana
A.H. Chi.3/125-
128, B.R. Kasa
rogadhikara 15/
171-176, Cha.Da.
GHRITA (Butter oil)
1. Himstradi
ghrita
Su.Utt.51/18-
19,B.R,Hikkasw
hasrogadhikara
16/100-101
3. Pathadi
ghrita
Su. Utt. 52/31-32
2. Shringyadi
ghrita
Su. Utt. 51/21-
22
ASAVA/ ARISTA (Fermented decoctions)
1. Kanakasava B.R.
Hikkasvasadhik
ara 16/115-119
2. Vasarista/Va
sakarista
S.Y. Asavarista
prakarana, B.R.
Kasarogadhikara
15/203-207
Ch. Chi= Charaka Chikitsa, Su. Utt. = Sushruta Uttaratantra, B.R. = Bhaisajya
Ratnavali, S.Y.= Siddha Yoga, A.H.Chi = Astanga Hridaya Chikitsa, S.S=
Sharangadhara Samhita, Cha. Da. = Chakra Data
Regarding use of solo herbs in Shwasa or RADs, although
innumerable drugs can be sorted out from Ayurvedic literatures,
some well known in the present context, for possessing
Shodhana/Shamana action and/or having specific properties like
anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial/viral, anti-allergic,
immunomodulator, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, bronchodilator etc,
are being summarized here, along with a brief mention of their
properties, due to which they can be considered as highly efficacious
single drugs for management of RADs.
1. Amalaki- Emblica officinalis
Active ingredients [16]
- Vitamin C, carotene, nicotinic acid,
riboflavin, and tannins.
Ayurvedic (Ay.) Properties [17]
-
Rasayana, Sroto-shodhaka,
Anulomaka, Buddhindriyabalaprada, Deepana, Pachana.
Proven Properties [16]
- Anti-inflammatory,[18]
immunomodulatory,[19]
Anti-oxidant, [20]
anti-histaminic, mast cell
stabilizer and anti-spasmodic. [21]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna, Shatyadi
yoga.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha.
Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita.
2. Haritaki- Terminalia chebula
Active ingredients [22]
- Tannins, anthraquinones, and polyphenolic
compounds.
Ay. Properties [23]
- Rasayana, Ayushya, Vrimhana, Vibandhahara,
Kanduhara, Shulahara, Virechaka, Srotoshodhaka, Pachana,
Deepana,and Anulomana.
Proven Properties [22]
- Anti-allergic, [24]
anti-oxidant, [25]
anti-
histaminic, mast cell stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]
anti-
inflammatory [26]
and laxative action. [27]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Drakshadyavaleha, Agastyaharitaki
rasayana, Vyaghri haritaki.
Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita.
3. Bibhitaki- Terminalia belerica
Active ingredients [28]
- Gallic acid, tannic acid and glycosides.
Ay. Properties [29]
- Kasaghna, Shothahar, Deepana, Anulomana.
Proven Properties [28]
- Anti-allergic, [24]
anti-histaminic, mast cell
stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]
antioxidant,[30]
and anti-bacterial.[31]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Vati: E.g. Lavangadi vati.
Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita.
4. Shunthi- Zinjiber officinalis.
Active ingredients [32]
- Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and
sesquiterpene alcohols.
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International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 36
Ay. Properties [33]
- Anulomana, Deepana, Hridya, Pachana,
Vatakaphahara, Amadoshahara.
Proven Properties [32]
- Anti-allergic,[24]
anti-histaminic, mast cell
stabilizer, anti-spasmodic,[21]
anti-inflammatory,[24]
anti-oxidant. [34]
Forms indicated-
Churna : E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari
avaleha, Bharangyadi leha Agastyavaleha, Vyaghri haritaki
Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.
Asava/Arista: E.g. Kanakasava, Vasarista.
5. Maricha-Piper nigrum
Active ingredients [35]
- Piperine
Ay. Properties [36]
- Shleshmahara, Deepana, Medohara, Pittakara,
Ruchya, KaphaVatajit, Vatahara, Chedana, Jantughana, Chedana,
Hridroga, Vataroga.
Proven Properties [35]
- anti-allergic, [24]
anti-inflammatory, [24]
and
antioxidant. [37]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Vati: E.g. Lavangadi vati, Marichyadi vati.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Chitrakadi
leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakaryavaleha, Bharngyadi leha
Agastyavaleha, Vyaghri haritaki.
Ghrita : E.g. Himstradi ghrita, pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita
Arista: E.g. Vasarista.
6. Pippali-Piper longum
Active ingredients [38]
- Piperine
Ay. Properties [39]
- Rasayana, Kasahara, Shwasahara
Proven Properties [38]
- Anti allergic, [24]
anti-histaminic, mast cell
stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]
immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory
& antioxidant. [40]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Vati: E.g. Eladi vati, Marichyadi vati.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Chitrakadi
leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Bharangyadi leha,
Agastavaleha, Vyaghriharitaki.
Ghrita: E.g. Himsradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita
Asava/Arista: E.g. Kanakasava, Vasarista.
7. Karkatashringi -Pistacia chinensis
Active ingredients [41]
- Pinene, camphene, dllinonene, cineole,
terpineol, aromadendrone.
Ay. Properties [42]
- Kasahara, Hikka nigrahana, Jwaraghna,
Deepana, Vatanulomana.
Proven Properties [41]
- Anti-inflammatory [43]
, analgesic and
antioxidant. [44]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Chitrakadi
leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha.
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.
8. Pushkarmula -Inula racemosa
Active ingredients [45]
- Alantolactone, Iridin, isoalantolactone,
inunolide (germacranolide), dihydroisolantolactone, beta-sitosterol.
Ay. Properties [46]
- Sothahara, Shwasahara, Kasahara.
Proven Properties [45]
- Anti-allergic & mast cell stabilizer, [47]
anti-
inflammatory.
Form indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Shringyadi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Chitrakadi leha, Agastyavaleha,
Agastya haritaki rasayana.
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.
9. Sukshma ela- Elettaria cardamomum
Active ingredients [48]
- Sabinene, Limonene, Cineol, α & β -
terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate etc.
Ay. Properties [49]
- Deepana, Pachana, Vatanulomana,
Shirovirechana, Hridya, Balya, Mukhashodhana, Rochana,
Duragandhanashana, Kaphanissaraka, Mutrajanana, etc.
Proven Properties- Anti-inflammatory, [50]
analgesic, antibacterial,
[51] antimicrobial,
[52] antispasmodic,
[53] antioxidant
[54] and gastro
protective. [55]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shringyadi churna.
Vati: E.g. Eladi vati.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Vyaghri haritaki.
Arista: E.g. Vasarista.
10. Nagarmotha- Cyperus rotundus
Active ingredients [56]
- Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene
epoxides, sesquiterpene ketones, monoterpene.
Ay. Properties [57]
- Deepana, Pachana, Grahi, Jwaraghna,
Vishaghna, Trisnanigrahana, Shothahara, Sthoulyahara,
Krimighna, Twakadoshahara,.
Proven Properties- Anti-inflammatory, [58]
spasmolytic, [59]
anti-
viral [60]
and anti-bacterial. [61]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhasparshadi leha, Kantakari
avaleha.
Ghrita: E.g. Shringyadi ghrita.
11. Bharangi -Clerodendrum serratum
Active ingredients [62]
- Hispidulin, 7-0 glucoronides, scutellarein,
uncinatone, pectolinarigenin etc.
Ay. Properties [63]
- Ruchya, Deepana, Pachana
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Prajapati and Nagar: Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders
International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 37
Proven Properties [62]
- Anti-histaminic, bronchodilator, mast cell
stabilizer, anti-allergic. [64]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shringyadi churna
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Agatsyavaleha,
Kantakari avaleha, Bharngyadi leha, Agastyaharitaki rasayana,
Chitrakadi leha
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita
Asava: E.g. Kanakasava
12. Shati -Hedichium spicatum
Active ingredients [65]
- Methyl paracumarin acetate,
sesquiterpenes.
Ay. Properties [66]
- Shulahara, Swarya, Malvinashini, Grahi,
Rochana, Deepana.
Proven Properties [65]
- Anti-asthmatic, anti-histaminic, analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, [67]
anti-allergic.
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Haridradi churna
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duralabhadi leha, Duhsparshadi
leha, Agatsyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Agastyaharitaki rasayana,
Chitrakadi leha.
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita
13. Chitraka -Plumbago zeylanica
Active ingredients [68]
- Root yield Plumbagin.
Ay. Properties [69]
- Deepana, Grahi, Shothahara Shoolahara,
Arshoghna, Pachana, Gudashothahara.
Proven Properties [68]
-Anti-bacterial, immunomodulator.
Forms indicated-
Avaleha: E.g., Agatsyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Agastyaharitaki
rasayana, Chitrakadi leha.
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita.
14. Kantakari -Solanum surattense
Active ingredients [70]
- Solancarpine (C44H76O19N).
Ay. Properties [71]
– Pachana, Deepana, Amadoshanashaka,
Kanduhara, Swarya.
Proven Properties [70]
- Anti-asthmatic, expectorant, antioxidant. [72]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Haridradi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Kantakari avaleha, Vyaghri
haritaki.
15. Yavasa -Alhagi camelorum
Active ingredients [73]
- Flavonoid glycosides kaempferol,
chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin etc.
Ay. Properties [74], [75], [76]
- Anulomaka, Kaphanissaraka, Balya,
Kashara, Jvaraghna.
Proven Properties [77],[78]
- Antibacterial activity, anti-
inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic.
Forms indicated-
Avaleha: E.g. Kantakari avaleha, Agastyavaleha,
Drakshadyavaleha, Chitrakadi leha
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita
16. Shirisha- Albizia lebbeck
Active ingredients [79]
- melanoxenrtine, okanine, phytosterol,
flavonoids, triterpines, albezziagenine, lebbekanine, melacacidine.
Ay. Properties [80]
– Sotha hara, Vishaghna, Shwasahara.
Proven Properties [81[,[82]
-Bronchodilator, immunomodulator, anti-
inflammatory, anti-histaminic, mast cell stabilizer and anti-
spasmodic. [21]
Forms indicated-
Arista: E.g. Shirisharista.
17. Haridra- Curcuma longa
Active ingredients [83]
- Curcumin, turmeric oil or termerol, d-
phellanderene, zingiberene, sesquiterpene.
Ay. Properties [84]
- Varnya, Twakadosha hara,, Raktadosha hara,,
Kanduhara.
Proven Properties [83]
-Anti-inflammatory, [85]
anti-asthmatic & anti-
allergic. [86]
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Haridradi churna.
Vati: E.g. Haridra Khanda.
Ghrita: E.g. Shringyadi ghrita.
Avaleha: E.g. Bharangyadi leha.
18. Hingu -Ferula foetida
Active ingredients [87]
- Ferulic acid, umbeliferone, luteolin etc.
Ay. Properties [88]
- Vatanulomana, Shoolaprashmana,
Kaphanissaraka, Deepana, Pachana, Rochana.
Proven Properties [89],[90],[91]
- Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
antispasmodic, antibacterial and laxative.
Forms indicated-Churna: E.g. Vidangadi churna.
Avaleha: E.g. Vidangadi leha.
Ghrita: E.g. Dashmuladi ghrita.
19. Saindhava (Rock salt)
Active ingredients [92]
- Sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium
carbonate, chloride Magnesium.
Ay. Properties [93]
- Kaphanissaraka, Deepana, Rochana,
Vatanulomana.
Proven Properties [94]
- Appetizer, antacid, anti-flatulant,
expectorant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.
Forms indicated-
Churna: E.g. Shringyadi churna.
Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita.
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International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 38
For use in children, the palatability of the aforementioned
drugs can be enhanced by making their syrups or chocolate coated
bar/candies or sugar coated tablets of their dried extract.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The Ayurvedic system of management of diseases is
comprised of either shamana therapy or shodhana therapy or both.
Shodhana is indicated for clearing and opening of channels (micro
circulation), i.e. boosting the functional capacity of organ, system
and hence the body as a whole. This actually results in proper
secretion and movement of enzymes and hormones, which is
necessary for maintenance of daily wear and tear and proper growth
and nutrition of the whole body. Whereas, Shamana can be
understood as a therapy for neutralization of toxins and/or its effects
in order to help maintain the normal function and activity of various
organ and systems. In some diseases/conditions, we require both
Shodhana & Shamana, but in many others we can plan the
management by using only either of them.
In Ayurveda, the drug can be in the form of a single herb or its
compound or combined form of many ingredients. Their specific
compositions possess specific properties and are chosen as per the
need for Shodhana/Shamana in a particular condition. The drug
review indicates that most of these Ayurvedic drugs have a wide
therapeutic, viz. potent anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial or antiviral,
anti-allergic, immunomodulator, anti-asthmatic, expectorant and
bronchodilator activity and hence can be successfully used in
management of respiratory allergies like allergic asthma. Infact,
some of the above drugs are already routinely being used in Indian
kitchen, viz. Hingu, Saindhava, Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali, Haridra,
Sukshma Ela etc. and hence those families which regularly consume
these as food/feeding articles, are less susceptible to allergic
conditions. As per Ayurvedic Rasayana concept too, use of drugs
like Amalaki, Pippali, Triphala, Sitopaladi Churna, Haridra etc. as
preventive medicine increases the immunity of an individual, acts as
immunomodulator and also reduces the allergic episodes. So,
regular use of these Ayurvedic medicines in their best palatable form
not only decreases the respiratory allergic episodes, but also
minimizes the requirement of IPD stay as is needed in regular
Shodhana therapy. Furthermore, management of allergic disorders
(at least non-severe ones) by Ayurvedic drugs may enhance the
inherent ability of immune system to cope well with the allergens.
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https://www.ayurtimes.com/rock-salt-sendha-namak-halite-
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How to cite this article: Prajapati V, Nagar RK. Effective
Ayurvedic Drugs For Respiratory Allergic Disorders. Int J
Ayurveda & Med Sc 2016; 1(2): 32-41.
Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None