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Ijambo ry‟ibanze
Icyorezo cya covid 19 cyatumye amashuri afunga byihuse mu mpera z‟igihembwe cya mbere cy‟umwaka w‟amashuri 2020-2021. Ibyo
byatumye Guveninoma y‟u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi itegura Gahunda Nzamurabushobozi kugira ngo abanyeshuri batari
ku rwego rukwiye rw‟ubushobozi bafashwe kugera ku rwego rukwiye rw‟umwaka bigamo.
Kugira ngo bishoboke, inyoborabarezi za gahunda nzamurabushobozi z‟amasomo 12 y‟ibanze zarateguwe: Ikinyarwanda, Imibare
n‟Icyongereza mu kiciro cya mbere cy‟amashuri abanza, Ikinyarwanda, Imibare, Icyongereza n‟Ubumenyi n‟Ikoranabuhanga Riciriritse (SET)
mu kiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza naho mu kiciro rusange cy‟amashuri yisumbuye harimo Imibare, Ubugenge, Ibinyabuzima,
Ubutabire n‟Icyongereza. Izi nyoborabarezi zereka umwarimu ibyo asabwa gukora ndetse zirimo imyitozo akeneye kugira ngo abashe
gutanga ubufasha bukwiye ku banyeshuri bagomba kuzamurirwa ubushobozi, uburyo atanga amasuzuma yo kunoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize
ndetse n‟amasuzuma akomatanya kugira ngo ibyo bifashe aba banyeshuri kugera ku bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe muri ayo masomo
y‟ingenzi.
Iyi nyoborabarezi ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi ni imfashanyigisho igaragaza neza uburyo abarimu bazahitamo abanyeshuri bakeneye
ubufasha mu myigire yabo ndetse n‟uburyo bazabafasha bagendeye ku byo bakeneye. Ntabwo bivuze ko izasimbura integanyanyigisho
ishingiye ku bushobozi; ahubwo ni imfashanyigisho abarimu bazifashisha kugira ngo bafashe abanyeshuri bafite imbogamizi mu myigire
yabo. Irimo uburyo bufasha umwarimu guha umwanya abo banyeshuri bakabigisha bashingiye ku bushobozi bwabo.
Mu mashuri yose, mu masomo asanzwe y‟icyumweru isaha ibanza y‟icyumweru kuri buri somo muri ariya ateganyijwe izaharirwa gahunda
nzamurabushobozi muri buri shuri umwarimu yigishamo iryo somo. Uretse iyo saha, muri wikendi iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi
izakomeza gusa ku banyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha. Muri buri mwaka, umwarimu azifashisha iyi nyoborabarezi afashe abanyeshuri ashingiye
ku bibazo bafite. Mu gutegura amasomo, umwarimu arasabwa kuzifashisha ingero z‟amasomo ateguye ari muri iyi nyoborabarezi. Turasaba
abarimu rero kuyisoma kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa n‟uburyo bazafasha abanyeshuri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.
Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda kirahamagarira rero abashingwabikorwa bose mu burezi bo ku rwego rw‟akarere,
imirenge, abayobozi b‟ibigo by‟amashuri ndetse n‟abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ry‟uburezi gufasha abarimu mu ishyirwa mu
bikorwa ry‟iyi gahunda. Turashimira byimazeyo abantu bose bagize uruhare mu gutegura iyi mfashanyigisho. Turasaba kandi
abazayikoresha, baba abarimu cyangwa abandi, kuzakomeza gutanga ibitekerezo by‟ibyarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo iyi mfashanyigisho
igirire akamaro abazayikoresha.
Dr. Sebaganwa Alphonse
Umuyobozi w‟agateganyo w‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda
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IBIRIMO
ABAGIZE URUHARE MU GUTEGURA IYI NYOBORABAREZI ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
1. INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. IMITERERE Y‟INYOBORABAREZI ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. IMITERERE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4. AMAHANGE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
A. KWIGISHIRIZA BURI MUNYESHURI MU RWEGO RW‟UBUSHOBOZI AFITE ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
B. IMYIGIRE IBEREYE BURI MUNYESHURI (UDL) ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5. NI IBIKI BISABWA UMWARIMU MURI GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI? ............................................................................................................................ 8
6. IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
IBYIGWA BYO MU MWAKA WA KANE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Igihembwe cya kabiri .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Igihembwe cya gatatu ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI MU MWAKA WA GATANU ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Igihembwe cya kabiri ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Igihembwe cya gatatu ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35
IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI MU MWAKA WA GATANDATU ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39
Igihembwe cya kabiri ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Igihembwe cya gatatu ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 49
AMASOMO NTANGARUGERO Y‟IKINYARWANDA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 54
IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 5 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 73
IMIGEREKA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74
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ABAGIZE URUHARE MU GUTEGURA IYI NYOBORABAREZI
Abakozi ba Minisiteri y‟Uburezi n‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda
1. NDAYAMBAJE Johnson, Umuyobozi w‟Agashami k‟Isuzuma ry‟Amasomo y‟Indimi mu Kigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)
2. RUBANDA Jean-François, Umukozi Ushinzwe Ibizamini by‟Ikinyarwanda mu Kigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)
3. UWIZEYEYEZU Marie Therese, Umukozi Ushinzwe Amashuri y‟Inshuke n‟Abanza muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi (MINEDUC)
Abarimu
1. BYUKUSENGE Peninah, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu ishuri nderabarezi wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda
2. MUKANKUSI Francine, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza
3. MURERA Jean Marie Vianney, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri yisumbuye wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda
4. UWAMARIYA Clotilde, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda
Abandi bagize uruhare
1. KIMENYI Angelo, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye ushinzwe gutanga inama ku bijyanye n‟amasuzuma muri REB
2. MWISENEZA Thacien, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye Ushinzwe Amashuri Nderabarezi
3. NTIRENGANYA Alphonse, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye Ushinzwe Ururimi rw‟Ikinyarwanda
4. NZEYIMANA Jean Claude, Umukozi wa BLF akaba n‟Umugishwanama ufasha Ishami Rishinzwe Isuzuma muri REB
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1. INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
Mu kwezi kwa Gatatu hagati mu mwaka wa 2020, mu mpera z‟igihembwe cya mbere amashuri yafunzwe bitunguranye bituma abanyeshuri
bagera kuri 4,087,339 bahagarika amasomo yabo. Izi mbogamizi mu myigire zatumye ubushobozi bwa bamwe mu banyeshuri busubira
inyuma bikagaragarira mu musaruro wabo mu gihe bagarutse ku mashuri. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere
Uburezi mu Rwanda cyashyizeho ubundi buryo bwo kwiga mu gihe amashuri yari afunze. Byagaragaye ko nubwo abanyeshuri babashije
kwiga hifashishijwe uburyo bw‟iyakure, abana benshi mu Gihugu bazakenera ubundi buryo byo kubunganira kugira ngo babashe kugera ku
bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamije mu myaka bigamo.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n‟ingaruka za Covid-19 mu burezi, Guverinoma y‟u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi yashyizeho
“Gahunda Nzamurabushobozi” yo gufasha abanyeshuri bashobora kugira ibibazo byo gusibira cyangwa guta ishuri. Iyi gahunda izafasha
abanyeshuri byagaragaye ko bafite imbogamizi gusobanukirwa aho bafite ubushobozi buke no gushaka uburyo bagira uruhare rwo
kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo. Umunyeshuri uri mu “rwego rw‟imyigire rudakwiye” ni umunyeshuri watsinzwe cyane mu ishuri bikaba
byamuviramo ingaruka zo guta ishuri mbere y‟uko arangiza. Iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi igamije guhitamo imyitozo n‟uburyo
bw‟imyigire binoze bikifashishwa mu gufasha aba banyeshuri bari ku rwego rw‟imyigire rudakwiye kugira ngo babashe kugera ku rwego
rukwiye cyangwa urw‟ikirenga.
Iyi nyoboraberezi yereka umwarimu ibyo asabwa gukora ndetse irimo imyitozo akeneye kugira ngo abashe gutanga ubufasha bukwiye ku
banyeshuri bagomba kuzamurirwa ubushobozi, uburyo atanga amasuzuma yo kunoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize ndetse n‟amasuzuma
akomatanya kugira ngo ibyo bifashe aba banyeshuri bari mu byiciro bitandukanye kugera ku bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe mu isomo
ry‟Ikinyarwanda. Iyi nyoborabarezi igabanyijemo ibice bitandukanye kandi byuzuzanya bizafasha umwarimu nk‟umufatanyabikorwa
w‟ibanze muri iki gikorwa. Harimo kandi zimwe mu ngero z‟ibyigwa ziri kumwe n‟ibikorwa biteganyijwe. Harimo nanone ingero
z‟amasomo ateguye azafasha umwarimu gutegura andi masomo.
2. IMITERERE Y‟INYOBORABAREZI
Imiterere y‟iyi mfashanyigisho ijya gusa n‟iy‟integanyanyigisho. Iteye mu buryo bukurikira:
● Imitwe: Imitwe yatoranyijwe muri iyi nyoborabarezi yavuye mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda. Ni imitwe y‟ibanze irimo ibyigwa
abanyeshuri benshi bashobora kugiramo imbogamizi nk‟uko byagaragajwe n‟abarimu.
● Ibyigwa: Ibyigwa byatoranijwe byavuye na byo mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda. Ni ibyigwa bikomerera muri rusange
abanyeshuri bose kandi bikaba ari iby‟ibanze.
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● Ibikorwa by‟abanyeshuri: Ni ibikorwa by‟ingero bihabwa abanyeshuri kugira ngo bizamure ubushobozi bwabo. Umwarimu agomba
kumenya ko agomba gufasha abanyeshuri agendeye ku bushobozi bwabo.
● Imfashanyigisho: Izo ni imfashanyigisho abarimu bakoresha kugira ngo zifashe abanyeshuri kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo. Muri izi
mfashanyigisho harimo izifatika kandi zikoze mu bikoresho tubona iwacu nk‟amakarita y‟inyuguti, imifuniko y‟amacupa, igitabo
k‟inyoborabarezi ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi n‟ibindi.
● Igihe kigenewe amasomo: Igihe kigenewe amasomo kijyanye n‟ibyigwa byatoranyijwe muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi ndetse
n‟umuvuduko umunyeshuri asanzwe afite mu myigire ye.
● Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma: Ni ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba intego yari igamijwe
kugerwaho ku mpera z‟umutwe runaka yaragezweho. Ubu bushobozi busuzumwa ni ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe mu mutwe
runaka nk‟uko buba bwagaragajwe mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda.
● Uburyo bw‟imyigishirize: Iki ni igice kerekana uko abarimu bayobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa bitandukanye baba bakora kugira ngo
bagere ku bushobozi bwifuzwa muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.
Mu minsi isanzwe y‟amasomo, mu isaha igenewe gahunda nzamurabushobozi, umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda
agendeye ku bushobozi bwabo hanyuma akabaha imyitozo itandukanye. Kuri abo banyeshuri bakenewe gufashwa kuzamura
ubushobozi, umwarimu yifashisha imyitozo n‟imikino binyuranye akanabayobora uburyo bayikora.
Ku bandi banyeshuri badafite imbogamizi mu myigire yabo, umwarimu abagenera imyitozo nyagurabushobozi. Mu gihe cya wikendi,
umwarimu aba afite umwanya uhagije wo kunganira ba banyeshuri bafite ubushobozi buke kuko noneho aba ari kumwe na bo
bonyine. Umwarimu akomeza kwifashisha za mfashanyigisho zitandukanye agafasha ba banyeshuri kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo.
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3. IMITERERE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI
Gahunda nzamurabushobozi izashyirwa mu bikorwa nk‟uko bigaragara kuri iki
gishushanyo. Mu gihe abanyeshuri bazaba bagarutse ku ishuri, hazakoreshwa
ibyumweru bibiri by‟isubiramo ku byizwe mu gihembwe cya mbere.
Hazakurikiraho isuzuma ku byigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere. Iri suzuma
rizagaragaza abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke mu myigire rizakurikirwa
n‟indi myitozo izafasha gutahura neza ibyo umunyeshuri akeneye gufashwaho.
Ibi bizafasha umwarimu kumenya mu by‟ukuri ibyigwa bikenewe kwibandwaho
muri gahunda nzamurabushozi bitume umwarimu ashyira buri munyeshuri mu
kiciro akwiye.
Iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi ijyanye n‟ibyigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere,
hagakorwa n‟amasuzuma agaragaza uko abanyeshuri bahagaze, iyi gahunda
izakomeza no ku bindi bihembwe kugeza umwaka urangiye.
Ishusho y‟imiterere ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi
4. AMAHANGE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI
A. Kwigishiriza buri munyeshuri mu rwego rw‟ubushobozi afite
Kwigishiriza buri munyeshuri mu rwego ariho rw‟ubushobozi ni uburyo umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda agendeye ku
bushobozi bwa buri munyeshuri aho buri tsinda ariha imyitozo ijyanye n‟ibyo bakeneye aho kugendera ku mwaka bigamo cyangwa imyaka
bafite. Ubu buryo bwibanda cyane ku bushobozi bw‟ibanze umunyeshuri akeneye aho kubakira gusa ku biri mu ntaganyanyigisho.
Abanyeshuri kandi bahabwa isuzuma rya buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane uko umunyeshuri agenda yongera ubushobozi aho getegereza
gusa ibizamini.
Bimwe mu byitabwaho muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi
Gushyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda ugendeye ku bushobozi bwabo
Isubiramo ku
byizwe mu
gihembwe cya 1
Isuzuma ku
byigwa
by'igihembwe
cya 1
Gutanga irindi
suzuma
rishyira
abanyeshuri
mu byiciro
Ibikorwa
nzamurabusho
bozi (mu minsi
y'imibyizi na
wikendi)
Isuzuma rinoza
imyigire
n'imyigishirize
(nyuma ya buri
byumweru 3)
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Buri tsinda rihabwa imyitozo ijyanye n‟ubushobozi bw‟abaririmo
Kureba niba abanyeshuri basobanukiwe n‟ibyo bari kwiga mbere yo gukomeza ku bindi bishya
Gukomeza gukoresha isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize kugira ngo ibikorerwa umunyeshuri bihuzwe n‟ubushobozi akeneye.
B. Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri (UDL)
Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda gikoresha Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri nk‟uburyo bufasha umwarimu kwigisha
buri munyeshuri. Uburezi Bubereye buri munyeshuri bufasha abanyeshuri bose harimo abafite imbogamizi mu myigire, abafite ubumuga
cyangwa abakeneye ubufasha bwihariye mu myigire. Umwarimu yifashisha amakuru afite ku bumuga bw‟umwana no ku mbogamizi afite
mu myigire. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari bumwe mu bumuga cyangwa imbogamizi mu myigire abarimu batabasha gutahura. Muri iyi
gahunda nzamurabushobozi, umwarimu bashobora kuzabona abanyeshuri bagenda buhoro. Umwarimu ashobora gusanga kugenda buhoro
k‟umunyeshuri gushobora kuba gufitanye isano n‟imbogamizi mu myigire zimwe zikaba ziterwa n‟ubumuga afite. Bitewe n‟uko iyi gahunda
nzamurabushobozi ifite intego imwe nkuru yo gufasha abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke mu myigire, uburyo bushingiye ku burezi
bubereye buri munyeshuri buzafasha umwarimu gufasha buri munyeshuri nta kurobanura.
Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri yubakiye ku mahame atatu akurikira:
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushishikariza abanyeshuri kugira uruhare mu kigwa: Abanyeshuri bose bashishikarizwa kwiga no gukora
mu buryo butandukanye. Guha abanyeshuri uburyo butandukanye nko gusoma inkuru n‟imyitozo. Imyitozo yo mu matsinda ni
bumwe mu buryo buboneye bwo gushishikariza abanyeshuri kwigana umwete. Gushishikariza umunyeshuri kugira uruhare mu kigwa
bituma yita ku byo yiga.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ikigwa: Abanyeshuri biga mu buryo butandukanye. Bamwe biga neza iyo bumva, abandi bakiga
neza iyo bitegereje, abandi bakiga neza iyo bandika ndetse hari n‟abiga neza iyo ibyo biga bishyizwe mu buryo bw‟agakino.
Umwarimu agomba kwigisha ku buryo yubahiriza uburyo butandukanye umwana ashobora kwigamo.
Uburyo butandukanye umunyeshuri akoresha agaragaza ko yumvise ikigwa: Nk‟uko abanyeshuri biga batandukanye, umwarimu na
we agomba kugerageza kubaha amahirwe yo kugaragaza ibyo biga mu buryo bahisemo butandukanye. Twibuke ko buri wese afite
uburyo bwe bwihariye bwatuma yiga neza. Bityo rero si byiza ko abanyeshuri basubiriza hamwe cyangwa mu buryo bumwe mu gihe
umwarimu ashaka kumenya ibyo bumvise.
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Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu myigire n‟imyigishirize ariko ntibuhindura ibyigwa umwarimu yigisha.
Bamwe mu barimu basanzwe bakoresha ubu buryo aho buri munyeshuri, harimo n‟abafite ubumuga, bitabwaho mu myigire yabo
hagendewe ku bushobozi, imbogamizi n‟uburyo babasha kwigamo. Ku bifuza gusobanukirwa kurushaho uburyo bw‟ Imyigire Ibereye
Buri Munyeshuri mwasoma Imfashanyigisho ku Myigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri yateguwe na USAID Soma Umenye ku bufatanye
n‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda iri ku rubuga rwa REB ahari amasuzuma anoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize.
Ibintu by‟ingenzi bituma gahunda nzamurabushobozi irushaho kunoga
Kwita kuri buri munyeshuri ku giti ke
Kwifashisha ibyavuye mu isuzuma kugira ngo hamenyekane umunyeshuri ukeneye ubufasha n‟ibyo akwiye gufashwaho;
Gushyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato ashingiye ku bahuje ibibazo;
Gukoresha amatsinda ya babiribabiri kugira ngo bunganirane mu myigire;
Kwifashisha ibyavuye mu masuzuma kugira ngo harebwe niba urwego rw‟umunyeshuri rurimo ruzamuka;
Guha buri munyeshuri imyitozo yo buri kanya ituma usobanukirwa uko umunyeshuri ahagaze;
Kwitabira gahunda nzamurabushobozi si igihano. Abarimu bakwiye kwirinda imvugo zose mbi zisesereza abanyeshuri bitabiriye iyi
gahunda;
Guha umwanya abanyeshuri wo gutekereza ku bushobozi n‟imbaraga nke bafite, umusaruro wavuye mu masuzuma yakorewe mu ishuri
n‟imikoro;
Gutanga imyitozo kuri buri gace k‟ikigwa urangije kugira ngo bakomeze kubyibuka mbere yo kongeraho ibindi bishya;
Gutegura gahunda yo gufasha abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke nyuma ya buri suzuma risoza umutwe. Imbonerahamwe
igaragaza uko umwarimu yabikora iri inyuma mu mugereka.
5. NI IBIKI BISABWA UMWARIMU MURI GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI?
Kugira ngo iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi irusheho kugenda neza, hari ibyo umwarimu asabwa. Muri byo harimo:
A. Gufasha abanyeshuri gusubiramo ibyizwe mu gihembwe cya 1: Amashuri niyongera gufungura, abarimu bazakoresha isubiramo
ry‟ibyizwe mu gihembwe cya 1 mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere. Kugira ngo isuzuma rikorwe neza, umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo,
akangurira abanyeshuri gufashanya hagati yabo akoresha kandi imfashanyigisho zitandukanye.
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B. Isuzuma rya mbere rikomatanya: Mu cyumweru cya gatatu abanyeshuri bagarutse ku ishuri, abanyeshuri bakora isuzuma
rikomatanya ryateguwe ku byigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere bakozeho isubiramo mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere. Iri suzuma
rigamije gutahura abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke ku byigwa byo mu gihembwe cya mbere.
C. Gufasha abanyeshuri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi: Guhera ku cyumweru cya kane umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kuzamura
ubushobozi ku byigwa byo mu gihembwe cya mbere yibanda cyane ku bagaragaje ubushobozi buke. Muri iki gihe, umwarimu
yifashisha ibikorwa biri muri iyi nyoborabarezi byibanda cyane ku bushobozi bw‟ibanze abanyeshuri bakeneye.
D. Isuzuma rya kabiri rigenewe abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke: Nyuma ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi yakozwe ku byigwa
by‟igihembwe cya mbere, umwarimu arongera agaha ba banyeshuri isuzuma ryenda gusa n‟iryo yabahaye mu cyumweru cya 3
kugira ngo bimufashe gutahura ubushobozi abo banyeshuri bagezeho bityo arusheho kumenya insanganyamatsiko bagifitemo
imbogamizi.
E. Gutegura no gutanga amasuzuma anoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize n‟amasuzuma akomatanya: Mu masuzuma umwarimu agomba
gutanga harimo isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize n‟isuzuma rikomatanya. Isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize rifasha
umwarimu gutahura uko abanyeshuri bakurikiye kandi basobanukirwa n‟ibyo barimo kwiga bigatuma arushaho kumenya niba
akomeza iyo nsanganyamatsiko, niba ayisubiramo cyangwa niba ahindura uburyo bw‟imyigishirize. Isuzuma rikomatanya ririmo
irigomba gukorwa nyuma ya buri byumweru 3, isuzuma risoza umutwe, isuzuma risoza igihembwe n‟isuzuma rikorwa ku byigwa
by‟umwaka wose. Ibyavuye muri aya masuzuma yose bibikwa ku mbuga za REB zijyaho amasuzuma (Comprehensive Assessment).
F. Gushyira abanyeshuri mu byiciro: Isuzuma rya kabiri rizatangwa n‟umwarimu rizamufasha kumenya ubushobozi buri munyeshuri
uzitabira gahunda nzamurabushobozi arimo. Mu Kinyarwanda abo banyeshuri bagomba gushyirwa mu byiciro bitewe n‟ibyavuye
mu isuzuma rya mbere ni abashobora kuba babonye zeru abo ku rwego rw‟ibanze cyangwa urwego ruciriritse.
G. Gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu minsi y‟amasomo isanzwe: Isomo ryose rya mbere ry‟icyumweru umwarimu azajya yinjira mu ishuri
izibanda cyane muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi. Icyo gihe umwarimu azifashisha amatsinda atandukanye bitewe n‟ubushobozi
bw‟abanyeshuri. Abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye umwarimu azabashyira mu matsinda yabo yo kubafashirizamo, hanyuma
abandi basigaye na bo bashyirwe mu matsinda yabo bahabwe imyitozo nyagurabushobozi ibafasha kwagura ubushobozi bwabo.
Muri uyu mwanya, umwarimu ashyira imbaraga nyinshi ku banyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye abandi bagakomeza gukorera
mu matsinda bayobowemo n‟abahagarariye amatsinda.
H. Gahunda nzamurabushobozi muri wikendi: Muri wikendi ku wa gatandatu cyangwa ku cyumweru abanyeshuri batoranyijwe muri
gahunda nzamurabushobozi ni bo bonyine bagomba kwitabira. Isomo ry‟Ikinyarwanda rizagira byibura isaha imwe muri icyo gihe.
I. Kwimakaza uburezi budaheza: Umwarimu agomba kubanza kumenya abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga cyangwa izindi mbogamizi
zibabuza kwiga afite. Biranashoboka ko hari ibyo umwarimu atasobanukirwa ku mbogamizi umunyeshuri afite. Umwarimu ashobora
10
kwifashisha inyobora igaragaza imbogamizi zigera kuri 12 abanyeshuri bashobora guhura na zo. Izo mbogamizi zishingiye ku bibazo
by‟ingingo, imbogamizi zishingiye ku bibazo by‟imitekerereze, abanyeshuri bafite imbogamizi zo kuvuga, gusubiza, kuganira,
gusobanukirwa n‟ibyavuzwe n‟undi no kugenzura amarangamutima. Umwarimu wabashije gusobanukirwa imbogamizi abanyeshuri
bafite hari uburyo bagomba kubafasha.
J. Gukurikirana no gutanga raporo ijyanye n‟abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha: Uburyo buhoraho bwo gutanga raporo kuri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi ni ingenzi. Buri munyeshuri afite umwihariko we ushingiye ku bushobozi afite, uburyo bw‟imyigire n‟umusaruro
uturuka mu masuzuma. Inshingano z‟umwarimu ni ugukora ku buryo atahura abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha yifashishije ibyavuye
mu isuzuma aba yahaye abanyeshuri. Umwarimu kandi asabwa kubika ibyavuye mu masuzuma yakorewe ba banyeshuri bakurikiye
gahunda nzamurabushobozi. Umwarimu rero asabwa kubika ibyavuye muri ayo masuzuma yifashishije urubuga rwa REB ruriho
ibyerekeranye n‟isuzuma (Comprehensive Assessment). Uretse kwandika amanota umunyeshuri yabonye, umwarimu kandi akora
raporo mu magambo y‟uko umunyeshuri ahagaze. Muri iyi raporo, umwarimu agaragaza ibikorwa bizakorerwa umunyeshuri kugira
ngo abashe kuzamura urwego rwe (Reba mu mugereka wa A uri inyuma muri iyi nyoborabarezi urugero rw'uko raporo ikorwa). Iyi
raporo ihabwa kandi umwarimu uhagarariye ishuri, umuyobozi w‟ishuri ndetse n‟ababyeyi. Kubika ibyavuye mu isuzuma bifasha
umwarimu gusobanukirwa n‟uko umunyeshuri agenda ava ku rwego rumwe rw‟ubushobozi ajya ku rundi.
11
6. IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI
Ibyigwa byo mu mwaka wa kane
Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa kane:
Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa kane agomba kuba ashobora:
Kumva ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe no kubisobanukirwa;
Kuvuga ashize amanga;
Gusoma uko bikwiye, bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi;
Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye;
Kwandika yubahiriza imyandikire yemewe kandi anoza umukono;
Gusobanura imiterere y'ururimi.
Igihembwe cya mbere
UMUTWE WA 1:
Umuco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ku muco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda no gusesengura umugani muremure no kuwuca.
- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha neza utwatuzo tuzisoza.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi): 13
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
Imfashanyigisho
Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
kubaha no kwakira
abatugana: Inyana ni
iya mweru
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko.
- Gusoma bucece.
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri).
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo
umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo,…
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo
umwandiko usomwa kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw
- Amashusho ajyanye n‟ibivugwa
mu mwandiko
- Amakarita yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko no
gusesengura interuro.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha uko bikwiye
utwatuzo dusoza
12
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo
yumvise
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo
mu yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite
interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika.
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa
bibuka byavuzwe mu mwandiko.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe. (Urugero: Ni ikihe gikorwa wakorera umuntu
ukugannye mu buryo bwo kumwakira neza?)
- Amakarita ariho amagambo
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.
interuro.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura umugani
no kuwuca.
2 Utwatuzo dusoza
interuro n‟amoko
y‟interuro hakurikijwe
utwatuzo tuzisoza.
- Kuvuga interuro yishakiye akanayandika (gusoma
interuro yahawe ku makarita).
- Gukina umukino wo guhuza amakarita yanditseho
interuro zisozwa n‟utwatuzo dutandukanye.
- Gusesengura interuro zatanzwe bashyiraho utwatuzo
dusoza cyangwa baca akarongo ku katuzo bashyizeho.
- Kugereranya utwatuzo twashyizwe kuri izo nteruro.
- Gusobanura utwatuzo dusoza interuro n‟amako
y‟interuro hakurikijwe utwatuzo tuzisoza.
- Amakarita yanditseho interuro
zisozwa n‟utwatuzo
dutandukanye.
- Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo
amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku wa
08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire
y‟Ikinyarwanda
3 Imimaro y‟ingenzi
y‟amagambo mu
nteruro.
- Gutondeka amakarita ariho ibice bitatu bigaragaza
imimaro y‟ingenzi y‟interuro.
- Kugenda bakuraho buri gice muri byo bagasuzuma niba
ibice bisigaye by‟interuro bifite igisobanuro.
- Kugaragaza imimaro y‟ingenzi y‟amagambo mu nteruro.
- Gukora interuro zabo bwite zigaragaramo iyo mimaro.
- Amakarita ariho ibice bitatu
bigaragaza imimaro y‟ingenzi
y‟amagambo agize interuro
4 Inyunguramagambo:
Impuzanyito
n‟imbusane
- Gutoranya amagambo abirabiri ahuje inyito mu
magambo avangavanze yanditse ku makarita.
- Guhitamo impuzanyito y‟ijambo yahawe mu magambo
ari mu dukubo akaryandika.
- Amakarita yanditseho
amagambo avangavanze ariko
hagiye habamo ijambo
n‟impuzanyito zaryo
13
- Gutoranya amagambo abirabiri y‟imbusane mu
magambo avangavanze yanditse ku makarita.
- Gukora igikorwa (umunyeshuri umwe) mugenzi we
begeranye agakora imbusane yacyo.
- Amakarita ariho amagambo
avangavanze ariko hagiye
habamo ijambo ry‟imbusane
5 Umugani muremure
n‟uturango twawo
- Gucira abandi umugani ashatse.
- Kubwirana babiribabiri uturango tw‟umugani baciriwe.
Igitabo cy‟umwarimu cy‟umwaka
wa 4 w‟amashuri abanza
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB ari
rwo www.reb.rw
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda. Umuntu umwe muri buri tsinda asure itsinda begeranye maze bamwakire neza. Ashobora no
kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Mu gukina umukino wo guhuza amakarita yanditseho interuro zisozwa n‟utwatuzo dutandukanye, abanyeshuri bafite interuro zihuje utwatuzo
bagenda bajya hamwe, bakanasobanurira bagenzi babo utwo twatuzo ndetse n‟ubwoko bw‟izo nteruro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 3
- Mu gihe basesengura imimaro y‟ingenzi mu nteruro, bagenda bakuraho buri gice mu bigize interuro, bagasuzuma niba ibice bisigaye by‟interuro bifite
igisobanuro (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bakora ibikorwa byo gutahura impuzanyito n‟imbusane, umwarimu agomba gukurikirana neza ko igikorwa kigera ku bo
kigenewe bose. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 5
- Mu gihe cyo guca umugani, umwarimu agomba kugenzura ko bazi uko umugani utangira, amakabyankuru mu bikorwa bivugwamo n‟uko umugani
usoza.
- Iyo abanyeshuri babwirana uturango tw‟umugani baciriwe, umwarimu agomba kugenzura ko bazi uko umugani utangira, amakabyankuru mu bikorwa
14
bivugwamo n‟uko umugani usoza. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Ikitonderwa:
- Uru ni urugero rw‟uburyo umwarimu yakoresha, ariko hari ubundi yabona bwamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri basigaye inyuma
ntiyabura kubukoresha.
- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bari mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo kwiga, ni ngombwa ko umwarimu ashishikariza abakigaragaza intege nke gukora cyane,
akanabemerera uduhembo dutandukanye kandi akatubaha. Urugero nko kubahemba utugofero dukoze mu mpapuro, kubereka utubuye azajya agenda
ashyira mu gacupa igihe cyose bakoze cyangwa bitwaye neza, maze twose twashiriramo akabahemba nko kubaririmbira akaririmbo n‟ibindi.
- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri
suzuma ryagenerwa isomo rimwe, kandi rigakorwa mu gihe aba banyeshuri bari bonyine (mu mpera y‟icyumweru).
UMUTWE WA 2:
Iterambere
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ku iterambere, imigani migufi, ibisakuzo n‟ibyivugo by‟amahomvu.
- Gukoresha neza utwatuzo tujya hagati mu nteruro.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi)
:11
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
kwigira: Umurage
w‟abavandimwe batatu
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana
(interuro zitarenze ebyiri).
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku
gikorwa umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse,
ikibazo umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo
yumvise.
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo
mu yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite
interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika.
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo
umwandiko usomwa kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw-
Amakarita yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
- Amakarita ariho amagambo
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusoma yubahiriza
utwatuzo n‟iyitsa.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko no
guhimba imyandiko
inyuranye.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha utwatuzo
15
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa
bibuka byavuzwe mu mwandiko.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe. (Urugero: Ni iki umuntu yakora mu rwego
rwo guharanira kwigira?)
mu nteruro.
2
Utwatuzo: Akitso,
utubago tubiri,
utwuguruzo n‟utwugarizo
n‟agakato.
- Gusoma igika bahawe batahuramo utwatuzo
twakoreshejwe hagati mu nteruro.
- Kugereranya utwatuzo batahuye muri cya gika
basobanura aho dukoreshwa.
- Gukosora interuro bashyiramo utwatuzo dukoreshwa
hagati mu nteruro.
- Impapuro zanditseho igika
kigaragaramo utwatuzo
twigishwa
- Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo
amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku wa
08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire
y‟Ikinyarwanda
3
Imigani migufi - Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko bahawe.
- Gusobanura imigani batahuye.
- Guhuza ibice bibiri by‟umugani mugufi biri ku makarita
bakawuzuza uko bigomba.
Impapuro ziriho umwandiko
abanyeshuri batahuramo imigani
migufi.
- Amakarita yanditseho ibice
by‟imigani bahuza
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo icyo umuntu yakora mu rwego rwo guharanira kwigira. Ashobora no kubaza
ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko, (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
16
-Umwarimu akurikirana igikorwa cyo gusoma igika bahawe batahuramo utwatuzo twakoreshejwe hagati mu nteruro, akagenda ashishikariza abo bireba
bose kugira uruhare, ashimira abagaragaje ubushake.
- Agenda akosora interuro abanyeshuri bashyiramo utwatuzo dukoreshwa hagati mu nteruro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu akora uko ashoboye agategura umwandiko ushimishishije abanyeshuri, urimo imigani migufi myinshi kandi imenyerewe abanyeshuri
batahura. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Igihembwe cya kabiri
UMUTWE WA 3:
SIDA n‟izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no guhashya no gukumira SIDA n‟izindi ndwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina,
- Gusesengura urwenya na byendagusetsa no kurutera, no gukoresha amasano yo mu muryango n‟amagambo adahinduka.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
11
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟abanyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku ngingo
zerekeye isuku y‟imyanya
ndangagitsina: SIDA,
uburagaza: Isuku y‟imyanya
ndangagitsina
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri).
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise.
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika.
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
- Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
usomwa kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amakarita
yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo.
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanura byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko no
gusesengura interuro.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura urwenya
no kurutera
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha amasano
yo mu muryango
n‟amagambo
adahinduka.
17
(Urugero: Wakwirinda ute indwara zirimo n‟izandurira mu
myanya ndangagitsina?)
2 Amasano yo mu muryango - Gukina umukino w‟amasano hagati y‟abagize amatsinda
- Kugaragaza amasano y‟abagize umuryango bakoresheje “igiti
cy‟umuryango”.
Impapuro
zishushanyijeho “igiti
cy‟umuryango”
3
Indangahantu - Gutahura indangahantu bakurikije aho ibikoresho biherereye.
- Gutahura indangahantu bagendeye ku hantu umuntu atuye
cyangwa akorera ibikorwa.
Bimwe mu bikoresho
byo mu ishuri
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo ibyo iwabo bakora mu mwanya wo gutarama. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo
by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba kwitwara nk„aho ari abagize umuryango, maze bagakina umukino w‟amasano hagati yabo.
(Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
- Akurikirana igikorwa cyo kugaragaza amasano y‟abagize umuryango bakoresheje “igiti cy‟umuryango”, akagenda abunganira aho bibaye ngombwa.
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu ategura ibikoresho binyuranye bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu ishuri, agategura umwanya biza kujya bishyirwamo mu gihe abanyeshuri bakina
umukino wo gutahura indangahantu bakurikije aho ibikoresho biherereye.
Ategura ibibazo bisubizwa hakoreshejwe amagambo akoreshwamo indangahantu i. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
18
UMUTWE WA: 4
Imikino n‟imyidagaduro
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ku guteza imbere imikino n‟imyidagaduro.
- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha utwatuzo (uturegeka, akanyerezo n‟udukubo) mu nteruro.
- Gusesengura indirimbo n‟imbyino gakondo agaragaza uturango twabyo mu nteruro.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi): 15
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku ngingo
zerekeye imikino
gakondo: Imikino
gakondo
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika.
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe. (Urugero: Mu gihe abantu bafashe umwanya wo
kuruhuka barangije imirimo yabo bashobora gukora iki?)
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
usomwa cy‟umwaka
wa kane w‟amashuri
abanza kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amakarita
yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura umwandiko
n‟imbyino n‟indirimbo
gakondo.
Ubushobozi bwo
guhanga umwandiko
yitaye ku ngingo
yahawe.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha uko bikwiye
amagambo yungutse
n‟akanyerezo
n‟uturegeka.
Ubushobozi bwo
kuririmba injyana
y‟imbyino n‟indirimbo
gakondo.
2 Utwatuzo: Akanyerezo - Gukora ikiganiro kigufi hagati y‟abanyeshuri babiribabiri;
- Kwandika ikiganiro bakoze;
- Gusangizanya ibyo banditse banakosorana.
- Amakayi
- Amakaramu
- Igazeti ya Leta
ikubiyemo
19
amabwiriza ya
Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku
wa 08/10/2014
agenga imyandikire
y‟Ikinyarwanda
3 Impuzashusho - Gusoma interuro zirimo amagambo y‟impuzashusho zanditse
ku rupapuro bitegereza amagambo yanditse kimwe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda berekana itandukaniro riri hagati y‟ayo
magambo y‟impuzashusho.
-Impapuro
zanditseho interuro
zirimo amagambo
y‟impuzashusho
4 Imvugwakimwe - Gusoma interuro ebyirebyiri zirimo amagambo
y‟imvugwakimwe zanditse ku rupapuro bitegereza amagambo
yanditse kimwe.
- Gukorera mu matsinda berekana itandukaniro riri hagati y‟ayo
magambo y‟imvugwakimwe.
-Impapuro
zanditseho interuro
ebyirebyiri zirimo
amagambo
y‟imvugwakimwe
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda, akabasaba kuganira ku byo abantu bakora mu mwanya wo
kuruhuka. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke,
abatega amatwi, abashishikariza gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho,
ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa
agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi cyangwa
agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu
mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri babiribabiri bakora ikiganiro kigufi hagati, ibyo banditse n‟uko bakosorana,
akagenda abunganira aho biri ngombwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri basoma interuro zirimo amagambo y‟impuzashusho n‟uko batahura
20
ibiranga impuzashusho. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuzamura ubushobozi ku mpuzashusho ni na bwo bwakoreshwa mu kuzamura ubushobozi
ku mvugwakimwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Igihembwe cya gatatu
UMUTWE WA 5:
Kubana neza n‟abandi
Umubare
w‟amasomo(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no guteza imbere imibanire myiza n‟abandi agaragaza amazina bwite n‟amazina rusange,
imikoreshereze y‟inyuguti nkuru.
- Gusesengura inteko z‟amazina rusange no gukora ihinamwandiko.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
14
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
gufashanya no gutabarana:
Ibintu ni magirirane
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise ;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
(Urugero: Abantu babanye neza barangwa n‟iki?)
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
usomwa cy‟umwaka
wa kane w‟amashuri
abanza kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amakarita
yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanura byayo
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko.
Ubushobozi bwo
guhina umwandiko.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha uko
bikwiye izina bwite
n‟izina rusange
n‟imikoreshereze
y‟inyuguti nkuru mu
nteruro no mu
myandiko.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha uko
21
2 Imikoreshereze y‟inyuguti
nkuru mu mazina
- Gukosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo
imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru ku mazina.
- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu
hari amazina amwe bakoreshejemo inyuguti nkuru andi inyuguti
nto.
- Amakarita
yanditseho interuro
zirimo amazina
bikwiye inteko
z‟amazina.
3 Inteko z‟amazina rusange - Gushyira hamwe amagambo ahuje inteko mu yo bahawe ku
makarita.
- Gukora interuro zirimo amagambo ahuje inteko bubahiriza
isanisha.
- Guhuza ibice by‟interuro bakurikije isanisha rishingiye ku nteko.
- Amakarita
yanditseho
amagambo
- Amakarita
yanditseho ibice
by‟interuro bahuza
4 Ihinamwandiko - Gusomera mu matsinda mato umwandiko bahawe
- Kugaragaza ingingo (ibitekerezo) z‟ingenzi z‟umwandiko
- Kwandika umwandiko uhinnye bakoresheje izo ngingo z‟ingenzi
bagaragaje bubahiriza uburebure bw‟inshamake basabwe.
- Umwandiko uri mu
gitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
cy‟umwaka wa kane
w‟amashuri abanza
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB
www.reb.rw
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda, akabasaba kuganira ku buryo bumva bakemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo. Ashobora no
kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru ku mazina, umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa
22
kigera ku ntego yacyo. Azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu hari amazina amwe n‟amwe
bakoreshejemo inyuguti nkuru. Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
Umwarimu aha abanyeshuri amakarita yanditseho amagambo yo mu nteko zinyuranye akabasaba gushyira hamwe ahuje inteko, barangiza
bakayakoresha mu nteruro bubahiriza isanisha.
Akurikirana kandi uko abanyeshuri bahuza ibice by‟interuro bakurikije isanisha rishingiye ku nteko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusomera mu matsinda mato umwandiko bahawe inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.
- Abasaba kandi kugaragaza ingingo (ibitekerezo) z‟ingenzi z‟umwandiko, hanyuma bakandika umwandiko uhinnye bakoresheje izo ngingo z‟ingenzi
bagaragaje bubahiriza uburebure bw‟inshamake basabwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
UMUTWE WA 6:
Gukunda no kwitabira umurimo
Umubare
w‟amasomo(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gukunda no kwitabira umurimo bigaragara mu mwandiko.
- Gusesengura amazina rusange mbonera agaragaza uturemajambo n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi ajyanye n‟inyajwi
- Gusesengura ikinamico no gukoresha mu nteruro udukubo n‟udusodeko.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
12
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko ku
gukora umurimo:
Umuhinzi n‟abana be
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri)
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
- Igitabo kirimo
umwandiko usomwa
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw
- Amakarita yanditseho
interuro ziburamo ijambo.
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanura byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura ikinamico
no gusoma no
kwandika yubahiriza
utwatuzo n‟iyitsa.
Ubushobozi bwo
guhanga umwandiko
yitaye ku ngingo
yahawe.
Ubushobozi bwo
23
(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
(Urugero: Sobanura impamvu buri muntu wese akwiye kwitabira
umurimo).
gusesengura amazina
rusange agaragaza
uteremajambo
n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi ajyanye
n‟inyajwi
2
Utwatuzo: Udusodeko - Gusomera mu matsinda igika bahawe batahuramo udusodeko
mu twatuzo twakoreshejwe mu nteruro;
- Gusobanura aho udusodeko dukoreshwa mu nteruro;
- Gukosora interuro zirimo udusodeko;
- Impapuro zanditseho
igika kigaragaramo
utwatuzo harimo
n‟udusodeko.
- Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo
amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku wa
08/10/2014 agenga
imyandikire
y‟Ikinyarwanda
3 Uturemajambo
tw‟amazina rusange
mbonera n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi ajyanye
n‟inyajwi.
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza uturemajambo twanditse ku
mifuniko y‟amacupa y‟ibinyobwa nk‟amazi, inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi
cyangwa amakarita bagakora ijambo;
- Guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina
mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye.
- Imifuniko y‟amacupa
y‟ibinyobwa nk‟amazi,
inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi
cyangwa amakarita
yanditseho uturemajambo
tw‟amagambo anyuranye
4
Ikinamico - Gukina agakino k‟ikiganiro hagati y‟abantu barenze babiri mu
buryo bw‟ikinamico.
- Kuganira mu matsinda ku byaranze ako gakinamico.
- Ibitabo binyuranye
bigaragaramo uturango
tw‟ikinamico. Urugero:
- Umwaka wa kane
w‟amashuri abanza.
- Umwaka wa gatatu
w‟amashuri yisumbuye.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
24
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga ku ngaruka z‟ubunebwe no ku byiza byo gukunda umurimo. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko
biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusomera mu matsinda igika bahawe batahuramo udusodeko mu twatuzo twakoreshejwe mu
nteruro.
- Akurikirana uko basobanura aho udusodeko dukoreshwa mu nteruro, akanakurikirana uko bakosora interuro zirimo udusodeko anabafasha aho biri
ngombwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu ategura imifuniko y‟amacupa y‟ibinyobwa nk‟inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi cyangwa amakarita yanditse uturemajambo tw‟amagambo anyuranye,
akayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza uturemajambo bagakora amazina mbonera bagakora amagambo.
- Ayobora kandi igikorwa cyo guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye. (Iki
kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri bakina agakinamico n‟uko baganira mu matsinda ku biranga ikinamico. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
25
Ibyigwa bya gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu mwaka wa gatanu
Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa gatanu
Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatanu agomba kuba ashobora:
Kumva ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe no kubisobanukirwa;
Kuvuga ashize amanga kandi ashyiramo isesekaza;
Gusoma uko bikwiye, bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi;
Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye;
Kwandika no guhanga yubahiriza inyurabwenge n'imyandikire yemewe;
Gusobanura imiterere y'ururimi.
Igihembwe cya mbere
UMUTWE WA 1:
Kwimakaza indangagaciro nyarwanda
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kubungabunga umuco n‟indagagaciro nyarwanda.
- Gusesengura igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda agaragaza uturango twacyo no kunoza imvugo akoresha neza amagambo
yabugenewe ku nka, ku mata, ku gisabo no guhina umwandiko.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi) :
16
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
gukunda igihugu:
Dukunda Igihugu cyacu
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko;
- Gusoma bucece;
- Gusoma umwandiko bubahiriza utwatuzo basimburana;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo (bari
mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amashusho ajyanye
n‟umwandiko.
- Amakarita
- Ubushobozi bwo
gusoma, kumva no
gusesengura
umwandiko yasomye.
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura mu
buryo buboneye
igitekereo cyo muri
rubanda agaragaza
26
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe;
- Gushaka izindi ndangagaciro nyarwanda zigaragaza umuntu ukunda
igihugu.
yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
-Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo
uturango twacyo.
- Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha uko
bikwiye amagambo
ajyanye
n‟ikeshamvugo ku
nka, ku mata no ku
gisabo
2
Ingingo z‟ingenzi zigize
umwandiko
n‟ihinamwandiko
- Gusubiza ibibazo bahawe bibafasha kuvumbura ingingo z‟ingenzi
zigize umwandiko;
- Gutondeka ingingo z‟ingenzi zigize umwandiko mu buryo bw‟
inyurabwenge ku buryo bahina umwandiko bakawandika mu makayi
yabo.
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
cyangwa impapuro
ziriho umwandiko.
-Ikibaho cyangwa
impapuro zanditseho
ibibazo
3 Igitekerezo cyo muri
rubanda: inshoza
n‟uturango
- Gusubiza ibibazo mu matsinda bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturango
by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda bahereye ku mwandiko bamaze
gusoma;
- Kwandika inshoza n‟uturango by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda.
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB
www.reb.rw
Impapuro cyangwa
ikibaho biriho
ibibazo.
4 Amagambo yabugenewe
ku nka, ku mata no ku
gisabo
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amagambo yabugenewe ku
nka, ku mata no ku gisabo aho yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko bahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagahuza imvugo iboneye n‟igisobanuro
cyayo bakoresheje amakarita yanditseho amagambo yabugenewe
n‟andi yanditseho ibisobanuro byayo;
- Gukosora interuro basimbuza imvugo idakwiye imvugo yabugenewe.
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB
www.reb.rw ,
- impapuro, ikibaho
n‟ingwa.
- Amakarita
27
yanditseho
amagambo
yabugenewe n‟andi
yanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo.
-Impapuro
zanditseho interuro
zikoreshejwemo
imvugo idakwiye
n‟izanditseho imvugo
yabugenewe.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko, akabasaba gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba
abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda
basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.
- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu akoresha imyitozo inyuranye y‟inyunguramagambo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe. (Iki kigwa
kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, buri tsinda akarigenera igika risoma n‟ikibazo kirifasha gutahura ingingo y‟ingenzi ikubiye mu gika
ryasomye. Asaba buri tsinda kwandika ingingo y‟ingenzi babonye mu gika basomye.
- Umwarimu asaba umwe mu buri tsinda kujya kwandika ku kibaho ingingo y‟ingenzi babonye bakurikiranya neza ibitekerezo bagahina umwandiko.
Umwarimu yibutsa abanyeshuri ko uhina umwandiko akoresha ingingo z‟ingenzi zawuvuzwemo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).
Isomo rya 3
Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato, akabaha ibibazo bibafasha gutahura inshoza n‟uturango by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda basomye
hanyuma akabasaba kubyandika mu makayi yabo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).
Isomo rya 4
-Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba gutahura mu mwandiko imvugo yabugenewe ikoreshwa ku nka, ku mata no ku gisabo.
-Umwarimu akora amatsinda abiri rimwe akariha amagambo yabugenewe, irindi akariha ibisobanuro byayo hanyuma akabasaba gusoma no guhuza
amagambo yabugenewe n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
28
Ikitonderwa:
- Uru ni urugero rw‟uburyo umwarimu yakoresha, ariko hari ubundi yabona bwamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri basigaye inyuma
ntiyabura kubukoresha.
- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bari mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo kwiga, ni ngombwa ko umwarimu ashishikariza abakigaragaza intege nke gukora cyane,
akanabemerera uduhembo dutandukanye kandi akatubaha. Urugero nko kubahemba utugofero dukoze mu mpapuro, kubereka utubuye azajya agenda
ashyira mu gacupa igihe cyose bakoze cyangwa bitwaye neza, maze twose twashiriramo akabahemba nko kubaririmbira akaririmbo n‟ibindi.
- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri
suzuma ryagenerwa isomo rimwe, kandi rigakorwa mu gihe aba banyeshuri bari bonyine (mu mpera y‟icyumweru).
UMUTWE WA 2:
Kwimakaza uburenganzira bwa muntu
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
- Gusesengura inkuru ishushanyije no kugaragaza ibiyiranga no kwandika neza amagambo akatwa: na, nka na nyiri.
- Gutahura no gukoresha indango ihakana n‟iyemeza n‟amarangamutima n‟inyigana.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
14
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku kwimakaza
uburenganzira bwa muntu:
Uburenganzira bw‟umwana
- Gukina agakino k‟ivumburamatsiko;
- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;
- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda
bashakisha ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza
ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu
yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro
zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;
-Igitabo cy‟umwarimu.
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw
- impapuro ziriho
umwandiko.
- Amakarita yanditseho
interuro ziburamo
ijambo
-Amakarita ariho
-Ubushobozi bwo
guhimba interuro
akoresha neza
indango yemeza
n‟indango ihakana.
- Ubushobozi bwo
guhimba interuro
akata uko bikwiye na,
nka na nyiri.
- Ubushobozi bwo
guhimba interuro
29
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe;
- Kungurana ibitekerezo ku bundi burenganzira bw‟abana.
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo
zirimo
amarangamutima
n‟inyigana
bikoreshejwe uko
bikwiye.
2 Indango ihakana n‟indango
yemeza
-Gutandukanya indango yemeza n‟indango ihakana ahereye ku
nteruro yahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagasoma interuro,
bakavuga indango yakoreshejwe hanyuma bakayihindura
iyemeza cyangwa ihakana bakurikije iyo babonye.
Impapuro zanditseho
interuro, Ikibaho.
3 Amagambo akatwa: na, nka
na nyiri
- Gukoresha mu nteruro bihimbiye na, nka na nyiri imbere
y‟amagambo atangiwe n‟inyajwi;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakosora amakosa y‟imyandikire
mu nteruro bahawe.
Impapuro zanditseho
interuro, ikibaho.
4
Amarangamutima n‟inyigana - Kuvuga amarangamutima cyangwa inyigana bakurikije ikibazo
bahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amarangamutima
mu nteruro bahawe no kuvuga imiterere n‟umumaro wayo;
- Gusoma agace k‟umwandiko bagatahura inyigana zirimo
bakavuga n‟imitere yazo.
Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw
- impapuro zanditseho
interuro, ikibaho.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba itsinda ry‟abanyeshuri kujya imbere ya bagenzi babo bagakina agakino kagufi kagaragaza kutubahiriza uburenganzira bw‟umwana
(nko kutavuzwa, kutoherezwa ku ishuri…) hanyuma akababaza uburenganzira bw‟umwana butubahirijwe muri ako gakino. Umwarimu asaba
abanyeshuri gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero
hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.
- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe. (Iki kigwa
kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura indango yemeza n‟ihakana mu nteruro bahawe, akabakoresha imyitozo
30
inyuranye ituma basobanukirwa n‟imikoreshereze y‟indango yemeza n‟ihakana. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 3
Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura imikoreshereze y‟amagambo na, nka na nyiri imbere y‟amagambo atangiwe
n‟inyajwi. Umwarimu kandi akoresha abanyeshuri imyitozo inyuranye yo gukosora interuro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo akayobora abanyeshuri, bakabasha gutahura ko amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro yabahaye ari
amarangamutima.
- Umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo akayobora abanyeshuri, bakabasha gutahura ko amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu mwandiko bahawe ari inyigana. (Iki
kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Igihembwe cya kabiri
UMUTWE WA: 3
Gufata neza ibidukikije
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gufata neza ibidukikije.
- Kwandika inshinga akoresha ingiro nkora n‟ingiro ntega.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi): 6
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Inkuru ngufi ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
gufata neza ibidukikije:
Ibidukikije
- Kuririmba akaririmbo kavuga ku bidukikije;
- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;
- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato;
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye;
- Gusubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe
ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma
bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho ijambo n‟imbusane yaryo amakarita ariho
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- amakarita ariho
amagambo n‟
impapuro ziriho
interuro.
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umyandiko ijyanye
no gufata neza
ibidukikije.
- Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha neza ingiro
nkora n‟ingiro ntega
31
cyangwa ijambo n‟impuzanyito yaryo. (bari mu matsinda mato),
bakabisoma bakanabyandika.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
- Kungurana ibitekerezo ku ngaruka ziterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije mu
matsinda mato.
2 Ingiro nkora n‟ingiro
ntega
- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagasoma interuro bahawe
hanyuma bakavangura interuro bakurikije ko ruhamwa ariwe ukora
igikorwa cyangwa akorerwaho igikorwa;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatombora udupapuro turiho interuro,
bagatahura ingiro y‟inshinga iciyeho akarongo hanyuma bagahindura
ingiro;
- Gukora mu matsinda imyitozo yo kuzurisha interuro ingiro nkora
cyangwa ingiro ntega.
Impapuro ziriho
interuro
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba akaririmbo ku bidukikije cyangwa akakabumvisha (urugero: Rwanda nziza …) hanyuma akababaza ibidukikije
byavuzwemo. Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi
akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana bandika
n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.
- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe. (Iki kigwa
kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabayobora bagakora imyitozo inyuranye ibafasha gutahura ingiro nkora n‟ingiro ntega mu nteruro
bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri)
32
UMUTWE WA: 4
Kuboneza ubuzima bw‟imyororokere
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye n‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere;
- Gusesengura izina rusange mbonera, gusesengura ntera, izina ntera n‟igisantera no kubikoresha mu nteruro no kunoza
imyandikire.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
12
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
kuboneza ubuzima:
kwirinda abadushora
mu mibonano
mpuzabitsina
- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;
- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda bashakisha
ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza ibibazo byo kumva
umwandiko;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe
ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma
bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibyo basomye bakabihuza
n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
- impapuro ziriho
amagambo n‟iziriho
ibisobanuro
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
imyandiko ijyanye
n‟ubuzima
bw‟imyororokere.
-Ubushobozi bwo
guhimba interuro
akoresha neza ntera,
izina ntera
n‟igisantera.
-Ubushobozi bwo
kwandika mu buryo
buboneye interuro
zirimo amagambo
y‟ahantu.
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura amazina
2 Uturemjambo
tw‟amazina rusange
mbonera arimo
amategeko y‟igenajwi
ajyanye n‟ingombajwi.
- Gusomera mu matsinda interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;
- Guca akarongo ku mazina rusange;
- Gushaka intego no kuyigereranye n‟imvugo;
- Kugaragaza amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe;
- Gusesengura amazina batomboye bagaragaze intego n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe (mu matsinda ya babiribabiri)
Impapuro ziriho
interuro
3 Ntera - Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro (bari mu matsinda mato), guca
akarongo kuri ntera bazisesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe;
Impapuro ziriho
interuro
33
- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro yihimbiye irimo ntera no kuyicaho
akarongo;
- Kugaragaza ntego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe muri iyo
ntera.
rusange mbonera
agaragaza neza
uturemajambo
n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi.
4 Izina ntera - Gusomera mu matsinda mato interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;
- Guca akarongo ku mazina ntera;
- Kuyasesengura bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi
yakoreshejwe;
- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro irimo izina ntera no kuyicaho akarongo;
- Kugaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe muri iryo
zina ntera;
- Kuvuga niba amagambo aciyeho akarongo ari ntera cyangwa ari
izinantera bavuge n‟impamvu (mu matsinda mato).
Impapuro ziriho
interuro
5 Igisantera - Gusoma akandiko bahawe;
- Gusubize ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturango by‟igisantera;
- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro irimo igisantera no guca akarongo ku
bisantera (mu matsinda ya babiribabiri);
- Gushaka mu kandiko bahawe ibisantera birimo.
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri,
igitabo cy‟umwarimu
umwaka wa gatanu
biboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
6 Imyandikire
y‟amagambo aranga
ahantu
- Gutega amatwi interuro zirimo amagambo aranga ahantu;
- Gukora ibikorwa umwarimu ababwiye bijyanye n‟ayo magambo
(Urugero: Abanyeshuri bicaye imbere bahaguruke,...);
- Kwandika izo nteruro mu makayi yabo;
- Guca akarongo ku ijambo riranga ahantu riri muri iyo nteruro;
- Gutahura imiterere y‟amagambo aranga ahantu aciyeho akarongo;
- Guhimba interuro irimo ijambo riranga ahantu.
- Gusoma akandiko bakosora imyandikire y‟amagambo aranga ahantu..
Igitabo cy‟umwarimu
umwaka wa gatanu
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
Uburyo bukoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
34
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.
Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika
bagenda basimburana hanyuma bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, agaha itsinda rimwe amakarita ariho amagambo, irindi tsinda rigafata amakarita ariho ibisobanuro
akabasaba guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu agabanya amatsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, agasaba amatsinda guca akarongo ku mazina rusange mbonera, akabayobora
bakayasesengura bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
- Umwarimu arasaba amatsinda ya babiribabiri gushaka intego n‟amategeko y‟amazina rusange mbonera ari ku dupapuro batomboye.
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ahe buri tsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, abasabe kuzisoma no guca akarongo kuri ntera, hanyuma
abayobore bazisesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ahe buri tsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, abasabe kuzisoma no guca akarongo ku mazinantera,
hanyuma abayobore bayasesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi.
- Umwarimu arasaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri, bahimbe interuro zabo bwite zirimo amazina ntera banagaragaze intego
n‟amategeko byayo.
-Umwarimu arayobora abanyeshuri bakore umwitozo wo gutandukanya ntera n‟amazina ntera. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 5
- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, abasabe gusoma akandiko, abayobore basubize ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturngo
by‟igisantera.
- Umwarimu arasaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri, bahimbe interuro zabo bwite zirimo ibisantera.
- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, abayobore bakore umwitozo wo gushaka ibisantera mu kandikobahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo
rimwe).
Isomo rya 6
Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda abasabe kugaragaza amagambo aranga ahantu yakoreshejwe mu nteruro bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe
amasomo abiri).
35
Igihembwe cya gatatu
UMUTWE WA 5:
Kwimakaza imiyoborere myiza
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza imiyoborere myiza.
- Gukoresha mu nteruro ibinyazina ngenga n‟ibinyazina nyereka, ibihe n‟amezi bya Kinyarwanda.
Umubare w‟amasaha
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
8
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
kwimakaza
imiyoborere myiza:
Gufatira ibyemezo
hamwe
- Gusubiza ibibazo no gutanga ibitekerezo bagafatira ikemezo hamwe no
gutahura umutwe w‟umwandiko ugiye kwigwa;
- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;
- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato;
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye;
- Gusubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakora interuro irimo amagambo ari ku
gapapuro batomboye;.
- Kujya impaka ku ngingo yo gufatira ibyemezo hamwe.
Igitabo
cy‟umwarimu.,
n‟igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
usomwa biboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw , -
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko mu
kwimakaza
imiyoborere myiza.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha neza ibihe
n‟amezi ya
Kinyarwanda mu
mvugo no mu
nyandiko.
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha neza
ibinyazina nyereka no
kubitahura mu
nteruro.
2 Ikinyazina nyereka:
amoko y‟ibinyazina
nyereka.
- Gukorera mu matsinda interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka bahawe ku
dupapuro bakazandika mu makayi yabo no ku kibaho;
- Guca akarongo ku binyazina nyereka bahawe;
- Gutahura ubwoko bw‟icyo kinyazina hakurikijwe ikivugwa aho
giherereye no kugishyira mu matsinda;
- Guhimba interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka.
-Igitabo cy‟umwarimu
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
-Impapuro ziriho
ibinyazina nyereka
3 Ibihe n‟amezi bya
kinyarwanda.
- Gusubiza ibibazo bituma batahura ibihe n‟amezi bya kinyarwanda;
- Gukorera mu matsinda imyitozo yo guhuza amasaha asanzwe
n‟amasaha ya kinyarwanda;
- Guhimba interuro zirimo amezi ya kinyarwanda.
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
n‟igitabo
cy‟umwarimu
biboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
36
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gufatira hamwe ikemezo ku ngingo runaka yahisemo ko baganiraho (urugero: uko isuku yakorwa mu ishuri). Umwarimu
kandi ayobora abanyeshuri bagatahura umutwe w‟umwandiko bagiye kwiga (Gufatira ibyemezo hamwe)
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.
Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika
bagenda basimburana hanyuma bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo batomboye ku dupapuro.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo yo gufatira ibyemezo hamwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda agaha buri tsinda agapapuro kariho ibinyazina nyereka, akabasaba gukora interuro zirimo ibyo binyazina
bakabicaho akarongo, buri tsinda rikandika ku kibaho interuro ryabonye, rigaca akarongo ku kinyazina ryahawe.
- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura amoko y‟ibinyazina nyereka, akanabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka. (Iki
kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu abaza ibibazo bituma abanyeshuri batahura ibihe n‟amezi bya kinyarwanda.
- Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagakorera mu matsinda umwitozo wo guhuza amasaha asanzwe n‟amasaha ya kinyarwanda, akanabasaba guhimba
interuro zirimo amezi ya kinyarwanda. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
UMUTWE
WA 6:
Umuco w‟amahoro
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza umuco w‟amahoro;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro ikinyazina ngenera, ngenga na ndafutura no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo aranga igihe n‟ibaruwa
yubahiriza imiterere yayo.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
10
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko
- Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibikubiye mu mwandiko bagiye
kwiga;
Igitabo
cy‟umwarimu
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
37
yerekeranye no
gukemura
amakimbirane: Umwana
n‟ingona
- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;
- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda bashakisha
ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza ibibazo byo kumva
umwandiko;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakora interuro irimo amagambo ari ku
gapapuro batomboye;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo;
- Kujya impaka ku ngingo ijyanye no gukemura amakimbirane.
n‟icy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo
umwandiko
usomwa biboneka
ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw,
imyandiko ijyanye no
kwimakaza umuco
w‟amahoro
-Ubushobozi bwo
kwandika nta kosa
amagambo aranga
igihe.
-Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura bwo
gusesengura
ibinyazina byizwe
agaragaza
uturemajambo
n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi.
-Ubushobozi
bwokwandika
ibaruwa isanzwe.
2 Ikinyazina ngenga -Kwitegereza amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro bahawe
bagatahura ikinyazina ngenga;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakagaragaza ibinyazina ngenga bakurikije inteko
bahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagakora interuro zirimo
ibinyazina ngenga;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bakuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibinyazina
ngenga.
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
3 Ibaruwa isanzwe. - Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa isanzwe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa isanzwe, bagatahura ibice
biyigize;
- Kwandika ibaruwa isanzwe bubahiriza imiterere yayo.
Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
4 Imyandikire
y‟amagambo aranga
igihe.
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatahura amagambo aranga igihe mu nteruro
bahawe ku mpapuro;
- Guhimba interuro irimo ijambo riranga igihe no kuyisomera mugenzi
we. (Mu matsinda ya babiribabiri)
Impapuro ziriho
interuro
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu kandi ayobora abanyeshuri bagatahura ibikubiye mu mwandiko bagiye gusoma.
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.
Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero.
38
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana banashakishiriza hamwe ibisobanuro
by‟amagambo akomeye kandi bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo batomboye ku dupapuro.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo ijyanye no gukemura amakimbirane. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku magambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro basomye, akabayobora bagatahura ikinyazina ngenga.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakandika ibinyazina ngenga bakurikije inteko bahawe, hanyuma bakabyandika ku kibaho buzuza
imbonerahamwe.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibinyazina ngenga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura ibaruwa isanzwe.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gusoma ibaruwa isanzwe bagenda batahura ibice biyigize.
- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa yubahiriza imiterere yayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gutahura amagambo aranga igihe mu nteruro bahawe bakayacaho akarongo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda ya babiribabiri akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo aranga igihe bakazisomera bagenzi babo.
(Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
39
Ibyigwa bya gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu mwaka wa gatandatu
Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa gatandatu
Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatandatu agomba kuba ashobora:
Gusobanura ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe;
Kumvikanisha mu ruhame igitekerezo ke;
Kwisomera no gusomera abandi imyandiko iri mu Kinyarwanda;
Kugeza ku bandi ibitekerezo bye mu nyandiko ikwiye;
Kwisesengurira umwandiko;
Gukora inyandiko zisanzwe zo mu buzima busanzwe;
Kwandika no guhanga yubahiriza inyurabwenge n'imyandikire yemewe;
Gusobanura imiterere y'ururimi.
Igihembwe cya mbere
UMUTWE WA 1:
Umuco nyarwanda
Umubare
w‟amasomo (mu
nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda.
- Gusobanura ikinyazina ngenera, ngenga n‟ikinyazina mpamagazi.
- Kwandika imvugo yabugenewe ku isekuru, ku ngobyi no ku rusyo,
- Guhanga inyandiko y‟ikinyamakuru no kwandika inyuguti nkuru ahabugenewe.
Umubare
w‟amasomo (muri
gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
17
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yo
gutarama mu rugo:
Utaganiriye na se
ntamenya icyo sekuru
yasize avuze
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo
umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo
-Igitabo kirimo umwandiko
usomwa kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
- Amakarita yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
-Amakarita ariho amagambo
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
imyandiko ijyanye
no kubungabunga
umuco nyarwanda.
Ubushobozi bwo
40
yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu
yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro
zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe. (Urugero: Iyo mubonye umwanya wo gutarama
mu muryango wanyu muwukoramo iki?)
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanura
byayo
gusobanura
ikinyazina ngenera
ngenga
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha imvugo
yabugenewe ku
isekuru, ku ngobyi
no ku rusyo,
Ubushobozi bwo
guhanga inyandiko
y‟ikinyamakuru no
kwandika inyuguti
nkuru
ahabugenewe.
2
Ikinyazina ngenera
ngenga
- Gukoresha ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo
bakagenda bavuga ba nyirabyo;
- Guhuriza hamwe ikintu na nyiracyo, bakabivuga, maze
bakavuga impinduka zabaye mu mikoreshereze y‟amagambo
yageneraga ibintu ba nyirabyo.
- Bimwe mu bikoresho
bikoreshwa mu ishuri (amakayi,
amakaramu, ibitabo)
3 -Ikeshamvugo
(amagambo
yabugenewe) ku isekuru,
ku ngobyi. Ikeshamvugo
(amagambo
yabugenewe) ku rusyo.
Gutondeka amakarita yanditseho amazina y‟ibikoresho
bayahuza n‟ayanditseho amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo bijyanye
- Amakarita yanditseho amazina
y‟ibikoresho n‟ayanditseho
amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo
bijyanye
4 Imiterere y‟inkuru yo
mu kinyamakuru.
- Gukina umukino umwe ari umunyamakuru w‟ikinyamakuru
ashatse ageza kuri bagenzi be inkuru runaka (yaba inkuru
mpamo cyangwa mpimbano);
- Kubwirana ibiranga iyo nkuru bumvise.
-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
5
Imikoreshereze
y‟inyuguti nkuru
- Gukosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo
imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru;
- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana
impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.
- Amakarita yanditseho interuro.
- Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo
amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku wa
41
08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire
y‟Ikinyarwanda
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo ibyo iwabo bakora mu mwanya wo gutarama. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo
by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero: ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
Umwarimu agenda asaba abanyeshuri kwerekana ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo akagenda abasaba kuvuga ba nyirabyo. Abayobora mu
kwibuka neza uko ikinyazina ngenera kiyunga na ngenga bikabyara ikinyazina ngenera ngenga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 3
Mu gihe batondeka amakarita yanditseho amazina y‟ibikoresho bayahuza n‟ayanditseho amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo bijyanye, umwarimu ababa hafi,
akagenda ashimira ababikoze neza, agashishikariza abatarabigeraho vuba kudacika intege. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 4
Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, agasaba abagize buri tsinda kugenda basimbura kuba abanyamakuru b‟ibinyamakuru bashatse, bakageza
kuri bagenzi babo inkuru runaka (yaba inkuru mpamo cyangwa mpimbano). Uko bakurikira inkuru zinyuranye, abasaba gukurikirana uturango tw‟inkuru
yo mu kinyamakuru (ikinyamakuru iyo nkuru yatangajwemo, itariki, aho yabereye, ibyavuzwemo, umunyamakuru wataye iyo nkuru n‟ibindi), hanyuma
akabasaba kwibukiranya ibiranga inkuru yo mu kinyamakuru. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 5
- Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa kigera ku
ntego yacyo. Bitewe n‟uko iyi nyigisho ari ndende cyane, umwarimu agabanya ibi bikorwa mu byiciro akurikije igihe bigenewe.
- Umwarimu azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.
Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).
Ikitonderwa:
- Uru ni urugero rw‟uburyo umwarimu yakoresha, ariko hari ubundi yabona bwamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri basigaye inyuma
ntiyabura kubukoresha.
42
- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bari mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo kwiga, ni ngombwa ko umwarimu ashishikariza abakigaragaza intege nke gukora cyane,
akanabemerera uduhembo dutandukanye kandi akatubaha. Urugero nko kubahemba utugofero dukoze mu mpapuro, kubereka utubuye azajya agenda
ashyira mu gacupa igihe cyose bakoze cyangwa bitwaye neza, maze twose twashiriramo akabahemba nko kubaririmbira akaririmbo n‟ibindi.
- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu , umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri
suzuma ryagenerwa isomo rimwe, kandi rigakorwa mu gihe aba banyeshuri bari bonyine (mu mpera y‟icyumweru).
UMUTWE
WA 2:
Ibidukikije
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gufata neza ibidukikije;
- Gusesengura ibiranga inshinga iri mu mbundo, ibiranga ikinyazina nyamubaro n‟inshoberamahanga.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
15
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko
ivuga ku migezi, inzuzi
n‟ibiyaga: Twakoze
urugendo shuri dusura
imigezi,
inzuzi n‟ibiyaga by‟u
Rwanda
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,
bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko usomwa
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw
- Amakarita yanditseho
interuro ziburamo ijambo
-Amakarita ariho
amagambo n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanura byayo
Ubushishozi bwo
gusesengura
imyandiko ijyanye no
gufata neza
ibidukikije.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
ikinyazina
nyamubaro.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura imbundo
no kuyikoresha mu
nteruro agaragaza
inshinga ziri mu
43
(Urugero: Sobanura akamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije). mbundo
Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha
inshoberamahanaga
mu mvugo no mu
nyandiko.
2
Ikinyazina nyamubaro - Gukorera mu matsinda bakagenda basimburana kubara
ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo;
- Gusobanura uko babonye uturango tw‟ikinyazina nyamubaro.
- Bimwe mu bikoresho
bikoreshwa mu ishuri
(amakayi, amakaramu,
ibitabo) cyangwa ibindi
bikoresho binyuranye
nk‟uduti, utubuye n‟ibindi.
3 Inshoberamahanga - Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza inshoberamahanga
n‟ibisobanuro byazo biri ku makarita atandukanye;
- Kubwirana inshoberamahanga mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.
- Amakarita yanditseho
inshoberamahanga
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro
byayo
4
Itondaguranshinga:
Imbundo
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana ibikorwa binyuranye
bakora buri munsi bakabyandika;
- Kuvuga imbundo zigaragaza ibyo bikorwa.
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
n‟icy‟umwarimu
by‟umwaka wa gatandatu
w‟amashuri abanza
biboneka ku rubuga rwa
REB www.reb.rw
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga ku ngamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku
nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero: ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu, ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gukorera mu matsinda basimburana kubara ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo.
- Akurikirana uko babwirana inshoberamahanga mu matsinda ya babiribabiri. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 3
44
- Umwarimu ategura amakarita yanditseho inshoberamahanga n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo abanyeshuri basabwa guhuza.
- Ayobora kandi igikorwa cyo guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye. (Iki
kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri babwirana ibikorwa binyuranye bakora buri munsi bakabyandika.
- Akurikirana uko uvuga imbundo zigaragaza ibyo bikorwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Igihembwe cya kabiri
UMUTWE WA 3:
Ubuzima bw‟imyororokere
Umubare
w‟amasomo (mu
nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura umwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko y‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere;
- Gusesengura ikinyazina mbaza ikinyazina mboneranteko, insigamigani n‟indirimbo;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro cyangwa mu mwandiko ibihe bikuru by‟ishinga.
Umubare
w‟amasomo (muri
gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
17
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku ndwara
zandurira mu myanya
ndangagitsina n‟uburyo
bwo kuzirinda:
Ubuhamya bw‟umuntu
wanduye indwara
yandurira mu mibonano
mpuzabitsina
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro zitarenze
ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa umwarimu
akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu amubajije kiganisha
ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe
ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma
bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka byavuzwe
-Igitabo kirimo
umwandiko usomwa
kiboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
- Amakarita
yanditseho interuro
ziburamo ijambo
-Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanura byayo
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko ku
buzima
bw‟imyororokere.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
indirimbo no
guhanga uturirirmbo
two ku rwego rwe.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
45
mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.
(Urugero: Umuntu yakora iki mu rwego rwego kwirinda indwara
zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina?)
insigamigani.
Ubushobozi bwo
kubaka neza
interuro atondagura
inshinga mu bihe
bikuru byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
ibinyazina mbaza na
mboneranteko no
kubikoresha mu
nteruro.
2
Insigamigani - Gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana insigamigani baba bazi;
- Kwibukiranya ibiranga insigamigani.
-Igitabo cy‟umwaka
wa gatandatu
w‟amashuri abanza
n‟icy‟uwa gatatu
w‟amashuri
yisumbuye biboneka
ku rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
3 Itondaguranshinga: Ibihe
bikuru by‟inshinga
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakavangura interuro bakurikije ibihe bikuru
by‟inshinga zirimo;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagaragaza ibiranga ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga;
- Gukora interuro zirimo inshinga zitondaguye mu bihe bikuru
by‟inshinga no kuzisangizanya mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.
- Impapuro
zanditseho interuro
zirimo inshinga
zitondaguye mu bihe
bikuru by'inshinga
4 Ikinyazina mbaza - Gukorera mu matsinda bakagenda babazanya ibibazo; byerekeranye
n‟ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo;
- Kwandika amagambo bakoresheje babaza;
- Kwerekana ibinyazina mbaza muri ayo magambo abaza bakoresheje;
- Gukora interuro zabo bwite zikoreshejemo ikinyazina mbaza.
- Bimwe mu
bikoresho bikoreshwa
mu ishuri (amakayi,
amakaramu, ibitabo)
cyangwa ibindi
bikoresho binyuranye
nk‟uduti, utubuye
n‟ibindi.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuganira mu matsinda bakavuga ibyo bazi ku ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ashobora no kubaza
ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero: ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
46
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana insigamigani baba bazi.
- Abayobora na none mu kwibukiranya ibiranga insigamigani yifashishije igitabo cy‟umwaka wa gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza n‟icy‟uwa gatatu
w‟amashuri yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri bavangura interuro bakurikije ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga zirimo mu matsinda anyuranye.
-Akurikirana kandi igikorwa cyo kugaragaza ibiranga ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, bakagenda babazanya ibibazo byerekeranye n‟ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo.
- Abasaba kwandika amagambo bakoresheje babaza no kwerekana ibinyazina mbaza muri ayo magambo abaza bakoresheje. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo
rimwe).
Umwarimu yibutsa abanyeshuri ko hari amagambo abaza ashobora kwitiranywa n‟ibinyazina mbaza
Aha twavuga nka ryari? iki? nde?107
Ingero:
- Uwatanze ubuhamya avuga ko yanduye mburugu ryari?
- Ni nde wamwanduje iyo ndwara?
- Ni iki umuntu akwiye gukora ngoyirinde inwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina?
47
UMUTWE WA 4:
Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye
Umubare
w‟amasomo(mu
nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura umwandikoujyanye no kwimakaza uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye;
- Guhanga umwandiko; gutegura ibiganiro mpaka no kubiyobora, no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo y‟Ikinyarwanda.
Umubare
w‟amasomo (muri
gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
17
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko
y‟uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye:
Uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye mu
mirimo
yo mu rugo
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri);
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo
yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu
yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro
zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro
byayo bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka
byavuzwe mu mwandiko;
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima
busanzwe. (Urugero: Sobanura akamaro k‟ubufatanye hagati
y‟abagize umuryango mu mirimo yo mu rugo).
-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo
umwandiko usomwa kiboneka
ku rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amakarita yanditseho
interuro ziburamo ijambo
-Amakarita ariho amagambo
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanura
byayo
Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko ujyanye
no kwimakaza
uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye.
Ubushobozi bwo
guhanga guhanga
umwandiko
Ubushobozi bwo
kuyobora no kujya
impaka zubaka,
Ubushobozi bwo
kwandika neza
amagambo afatana
n‟atandukana mu
myandikire.
2
Ihimbamwandiko:
Inshoza, imbata
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko.
- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko
- Amakarita yanditseho
ibitekerezo byo gutondeka
48
y‟umwandiko,
amabwiriza
y‟ihangamwandiko
bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru
- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza
amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko yahawe.
- Igitabo cy‟umwaka wa
gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza
n‟icy‟uwa gatatu w‟amashuri
yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga
rwa REB www.reb.rw
3 Ibiganiro mpaka:
Inshoza, amabwiriza.
- Kwandika kimwe mu biranga ikiganiro mpaka (ibikorwamo)
buri wese ku gace k‟urupapuro yahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibiranga ikiganiro
mpaka banditse kuri twa dupapuro banditseho;
- Gusimburana bakora ikiganiro mpaka ku nsanganyamatsiko
bahawe (zishobora kuba zitandukanye) bubahiriza ibiranga
ikiganiro mpaka.
- Uduce tw‟impapuro
twandikwaho ibiranga
ikiganiro mpaka
4 Imyandikire
y‟amagambo afatana
n‟amagambo adafatana.
- Gukosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo
imyandikire y‟amagambo afatana n‟adafatana.
- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana
impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.
Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo
amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0
001/14/2014 yo ku wa
08/10/2014 agenga
imyandikire y‟Ikinyarwanda
- Amakarita yanditseho
interuro ziriho amagambo
akeneye gukosorwa
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuganira mu matsinda bakavuga ibyo bazi ku ku buringanire n‟ubwuzuzanye bw‟abagize umuryango mu mirimo yo mu
rugo. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.
- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza
gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero
rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi
cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).
- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanyen‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo
atatu).
Isomo rya 2
49
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko.
- Akurikirana uko batondeka ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru.
- Nanone akurikirana uko buri wese ahanga umwandiko ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko yihitiyemo
yifashishije igitabo cy‟umwaka wa gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza n‟icy‟uwa gatatu w‟amashuri yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw. (Iki
kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika kimwe mu biranga ikiganiro mpaka ku gace k‟urupapuro yahawe. Iyo bamaze kubyandika, bajya mu
matsinda bagahuriza hamwe ibyo banditse kuri twa dupapuro maze bakibukiranya ibiranga ikiganiro mpaka.
- Noneho akayobora igikorwa cyo gusimburana bakora ikiganiro mpaka ku nsanganyamatsiko bahawe (zishobora kuba zitandukanye) bubahiriza ibirang
ikiganiro mpaka. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
- Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imyandikire y‟amagambo afatana n‟adafatana, umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa
kigera ku ntego yacyo. Bitewe n‟uko iyi nyigisho ari ndende cyane, umwarimu agabanya ibi bikorwa mu byiciro bibiri: ubwa mbere bagakora ku
magambo afatana, ubwa kabiri bagakora ku magambo adafatana.
- Azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.
- Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Igihembwe cya gatatu
UMUTWE WA 5 Gukorera mu mucyo
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu
nteganyanyigisho): 24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura umwandiko ku bijyanye no gukorera mu mucyo no gusesengura umuvugo;
- Kwandika umwirondoro n‟amatangazo.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi):
10
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko ku ngingo
y‟ubunyangamugayo:
Kamuhanda na
- Gukina agakino ku ngingo y‟ubunyangamugayo no gukorera mu mucyo;
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko;
- Gusoma bucece;
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo
- Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura
umwandiko ujyanye
50
Katabirora
- Gusoma umwandiko bubahiriza utwatuzo basimburana no gusubiza
ibibazo ku mwandiko;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
bakabisoma. (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gukorera mu amatsinda bagatondeka amagambo bahawe ku dupapuro
bagakora interuro iboneye;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagashaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru;
- Gukina ibivugwa mu nkuru basomye bigana abanyarubuga
bayivugwamo;
umwandiko.
- Igitabo
cy‟umwarimu.
biboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo;
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo
n‟ayanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo
no gukorera mu
mucyo;
-Ubushobozi bwo
guhanga umuvugo no
guseruka mu ruhame
atondagura umuvugo;
- Ubushobozi bwo
kwandika
umwirondoro
n‟amatangazo
atandukanye.
2
Umwirondoro - Kuzuza umwirondoro uri ku kibaho cyangwa ku mpapuro yahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwirondoro.
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwirondoro bagatahura ibice by‟ingenzi biwugize.
- Kwandika umwirondoro we agendeye ku rugero yahawe ku kibaho.
- Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
impapuro zo
kuzuza,
-Ikibaho.
3 Ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi - Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi.
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi , bagatahura
ibice biyigize.
- Kwandika ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi bubahiriza imiterere yayo.
- Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- impapuro ziriho
ibaruwa
y‟ubutegetsi.
- Ikibaho
4 Umuvugo
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakavuga imivugo bazi bubahiriza injyana;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma umuvugo bubahiriza injyana,
-Igitabo
cy‟umunyeshuri
51
bagatahura ibiwuranga;
- Guhanga umuvugo ku ngingo yahawe yubahiriza ibiwuranga, kuwufata
mu mutwe no kuwuvugira mu ruhame yubahiriza isesekaza.
kiboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
, ikibaho n‟ingwa.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri batatu (urega, uregwa n‟ukemura ikibazo) bagakina agakino ku bunyangamugayo mu bibazo bibera mu ishuri, hanyuma
akababaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko, akabasaba gusoma bucece akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Umwarimu kandi asaba abanyeshuri
gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana
bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.
- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu akoresha imyitozo inyuranye y‟inyunguramagambo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gushaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru, akabasaba no gukina ibivugwa mu nkuru bigana
abanyarubuga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuzuza umwirondoro uri ku kibaho cyangwa ku mpapuro yabahaye.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwirondoro akawubabazaho ibibazo,bagatahura ibice by‟ingenzi biwugize.
- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika umwirondoro we agendeye ku rugero yahawe mu gitabo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
-Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi, akabashyira mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi , bagatahura
ibice biyigize.
- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi yubahiriza imiterere yayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 4
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba kubwirana imivugo bazi bubahiriza injyana.
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma umuvugo uri mu bitabo byabo bubahiriza injyana, bagatahura ibiwuranga.
- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri guhanga umuvugo ku ngingo yahawe, yubahiriza ibiwuranga, kuwufata mu mutwe no kuwuvugira mu ruhame
yubahiriza isesekaza. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
52
UMUTWE WA 6 Ubukerarugendo
Umubare w‟amasomo
(mu nteganyanyigisho):
24
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:
- Gusesengura imyandiko mu bijyanye no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo;
- Kubara inkuru ku byo yabonye cyangwa yumvise, gukoresha amagambo yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma;
- Gukoresha amagambo ahinduka: icyungo n‟ingereka.
Umubare w‟amasomo
(muri gahunda
nzamurabushobozi): 18
Amasomo ya gahunda
nzamurabushobozi
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu
isuzuma:
1 Umwandiko werekeye
kuri pariki zo mu
Gihugu: Dusure Pariki
y‟Igihugu ya Nyungwe
- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mapariki y‟igihugu bazi;
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko;
- Gusoma bucece;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwandiko igika ku
gika, basimburana, bubahiriza utwatuzo. Gusahaka amagambo
akomeye bakayasobanura no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagashaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru.
- Kujya impaka ku ngingo zijyanye na pariki zo mu guhugu.
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kirimo umwandiko
- Igitabo cy‟umwarimu. Ibyo
bitabo byombi biboneka ku
rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw
- Amakarita ariho
amagambo;
- Amakarita ariho amagambo
n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro
byayo
- Ubushobozi bwo
gusesengura umwandiko
ujyanye no guteza
imbere ubukerarugendo;
-Ubushobozi bwo
gukora inyandiko mvugo
yubahiriza ibice biyigize
n‟ibiba bikubiye muri
buri gice;
- Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha amagambo
yabugenewe ku mwami
no ku ngoma;
- Ubushobozi bwo
gukoresha icyungo
n‟ingereka mu
magambo, mu nteruro
no mu myandiko.
2
Ikeshamvugo ku
mwami no ku ngoma
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amagambo
yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma aho yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko bahawe;
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagahuza imvugo iboneye
n‟igisobanuro cyayo bakoresheje amakarita yanditseho
amagambo yabugenewe n‟andi yanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.
- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
cyangwa impapuro ziriho
umwandiko.
- Ikibaho cyangwa impapuro
zanditseho amagambo
yabubgenewe n‟izanditseho
ibisobanuro byayo.
53
3 Ubwoko
bw‟amagambo
adahinduka: icyungo,
- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma akandiko bagasubiza
ibibazo bituma batahura ubwoko bw‟amagambo adahinduka
yakoreshejwemo;
- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatahura inshoza y‟icyungo no
gutahura amoko y‟ibyungo bakurikije umumaro wabyo mu
nteruro;
- Gukora umwitozo wo kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibyungo
bahawe.
-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri
kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB
www.reb.rw
- impapuro, ikibaho n‟ingwa.
Uburyo bwakoreshwa:
Isomo rya 1
- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku mapariki y‟Igihugu bazi, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko
basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku
gika bagenda basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.
- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu akoresha imyitozo inyuranye y‟inyunguramagambo.
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo yerekeye amapariki yo mu gihugu. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).
Isomo rya 2
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwandiko bagatahuramo amagambo yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma.
- Umwarimu akora amatsinda abiri rimwe akariha amagambo yabugenewe, irindi akariha ibisobanuro byayo hanyuma akabasaba gusoma no guhuza
amagambo yabugenewe n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
Isomo rya 3
- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato, bagasoma akandiko, akababaza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ubwoko bw‟amagambo adahinduka
yakoreshejwemo.
- Umwrimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza y‟icyungo hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda bagatahura amoko y‟ibyungo bakurikije
umumaro wabyo mu nteruro.
- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda umwitozo wo kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibyungo bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).
54
AMASOMO NTANGARUGERO Y‟IKINYARWANDA
IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 4
Imbata y‟isomo 1
Izina ry‟ishuri: ………………………......................................... Amazina y‟umwarimu: …………………….................................………
URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO KU MWANDIKO:
Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe:
Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri bafite ikibazo mu gusoma umwandiko: 8
Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo ku nyunguramagambo: 12
Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo: abasigaye bose (20)
Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo
rimara
Umubare
w‟abanyeshuri
cya 1 …../…..//2020 Ikinyarwanda wa 4 wa 1 …. Muri…. Iminota 40 40
Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare
wabo
Babiri batabona neza ibibegereye na babiri batumva neza.
Umutwe wa 1
Umuco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi
bugamijwe
- Gusesengura imyandiko ku muco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda no gusesengura umugani muremure no kuwuca.
- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha neza utwatuzo tuzisoza.
Isomo Gusoma no gusobanukirwa umwandiko
Intego ngenamukoro
Ahereye ku mwandiko «Inyana ni iya mweru» umunyeshuri arashobora:
Itsinda rya mbere:
• Gusoma yubahiriza utwatuzo n‟iyitsa
Itsinda rya kabiri:
• Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise
55
• Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe ribura
Itsinda rya gatatu:
• Gukomeza gusoma umwandiko no gukoresha izindi nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.
Imiterere y‟aho isomo
ribera
Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.
Imfashanyigisho Umwandiko “Inyana ni iya mweru”, amashusho ajyanye n‟ibivugwa mu mwandiko.
Inyandiko n‟ibitabo
byifashishijwe
Integanyanyigisho, igitabo cy‟umwarimu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟inkoranyamagambo.
Ibice by‟isomo +
igihe
Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora
Umwarimu yifashishije amashusho n‟izindi mfashanyigisho zifatika ayobora
abanyeshuri mu gusoma no gusobanura amagambo akomeye ari mu mwandiko
ndetse no kuyakoresha mu nteruro.
Ubushobozi n‟ingingo nsanganyamasomo
Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
1. Intangiriro:
Iminota 5
- Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo
mvumburamatsiko;
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa
bibaganisha ku kigwa.
Amatsinda yose:
- Kwitegereza amashusho beretswe.
- Gusubiza ibibazo mvumburamatsiko ku
mashusho.
- Gutahura insanganyamatsiko y‟umwandiko.
Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo
ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga ibitekerezo)
Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:
- Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(umwandiko uvuga ku bahungu
n‟abakobwa ndetse n‟ababyeyi bombi).
-Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku bafite ibyo
bagenerwa byihariye no kubafasha kujya
56
n‟abandi)
2. Isomo nyirizina:
Iminota 25
2.1. Kwivumburira
ibikubiye mu
kigwa
- Kuyobora
abanyeshuri mu
bikorwa
bibafasha
gusobanukirwa
ikigwa no
kubafasha
kwikosora mu
gihe badasomye
neza
atabahutaza.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Gusoma bucece;
- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro
zitarenze ebyiri).
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa
umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu
amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo;
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;
- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo
bahawe bakazisoma bakanazandika;
- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo
bakabisoma. (bari mu matsinda mato);
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Gukomeza gusoma umwandiko no gukoresha izindi
nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.
Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo:
-Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga ibitekerezo)
-Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira
kunoza ibisubizo bitangwa)
Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:
-Umuco w‟amahoro: (aho mu mwandiko
bavuga ko mu rugo babanaga nta
ntonganya n‟umwiryane)
-Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye: (abahungu
n‟abakobwa bagira uruhare mu isomo).
-Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku bafite ibyo
bagenerwa byihariye no kubafasha kujyana
n‟abandi)
2.2. Kumurika
ibyagezweho
- Gukurikirana
ibyo
abanyeshuri bo
muri buri tsinda
bamurika.
- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri tsinda bagezeho mu
bikorwa bitandukanye biteganyijwe.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Kugaragaza uko basoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana
(interuro zitarenze ebyiri)
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Kugaragaza uko bakoze ibikorwa basabwe (ibisobanuro
by‟amagambo, gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro, kuzuza interuro
bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe, guhuza amakarita ariho
amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo bakabisoma.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Kugaragaza uko basoma n‟uko bakoresha izindi
57
nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.
2.3. Kunoza
ibyamuritswe
-Kuyobora
abanyeshuri
kugira ngo
banoze
ibyavuye mu
matsinda.
- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu matsinda yose).
Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo:
(buri wese aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
2.4. Umusozo/
inshamake
-Kuyobora
abanyeshuri
bagakora
inshamake
y‟ibyo bamaze
kwiga.
(abakobwa
n‟abahungu
igihe ishuri
ririmo ibitsina
byombi).
- Gukora inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye mu matsinda.
Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo:
(buri wese aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
3. Isuzuma:
Iminota10
Umukoro
- Gutanga
ibibazo
by‟isuzuma.
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Imyitozo yo gusoma umwandiko
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Imyitozo yo gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro, kuzuza interuro.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Imyitozo yo gusoma no gukoresha izindi nyunguramagambo
zitavuzweho.
- Kwandika umukoro.
- Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo
ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi:
(abanyeshuri bashishikarizwa gukomeza
kwiyungura ubushobozi mu byo biga).
58
- Gutanga
umukoro (mu
nyandiko
cyangwa mu
magambo)
Kwisuzuma
(umwarimu)
- Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda anyuranye).
- Kugaragaza imbogamizi yahuye na zo mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri.
59
Imbata y‟isomo 2
Izina ry‟ishuri: ………………………......................................... Amazina y‟umwarimu: …………………….................................………
URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UBUVANGANZO-IMIGANI MIGUFI:
Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe:
Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura imigani migufi: 5
Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri bafite ikibazo mu gusobanura imigani mugufi: 12
Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo ry‟imigani migufi: abasigaye bose (18)
Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo
rimara
Umubare
w‟abanyeshuri
cya 1 …../…..//2020 Ikinyarwanda wa 4 wa 2 …. Muri…. Iminota 40 35
Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare wabo Batatu batabona neza ibiri kure yabo.
Umutwe wa 2 Iterambere
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi
bugamijwe
- Gusesengura imyandiko ku iterambere, imigani migufi, ibisakuzo n‟ibyivugo by‟amahomvu.
- Gukoresha neza utwatuzo tujya hagati mu nteruro.
Isomo Imigani migufi
Intego ngenamukoro
Ahereye ku mwandiko urimo imigani migufi, umunyeshuri araba ashobora:
Itsinda rya mbere:
Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko no kuyisobanura.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani migufi no kuyisobanura.
Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.
60
Imfashanyigisho Umwandiko abanyeshuri batahuramo imigani migufi, igitabo cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.
Inyandiko n‟ibitabo
byifashishijwe
-REB, Ikinyarwanda –amashuri abanza Twumve, tuvuge, dusome, twandike, duhange mu Kinyarwanda, umwaka wa
kane, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟icy‟umwarimu, 2019
-REB, Integanyanyigisho y‟ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, 2015
- Imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ibice by‟isomo + igihe Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora
Umwarimu yifashishije umwandiko urimo imigani migufi, abanyeshuri barawusoma
bakore ibikorwa bahawe bakurikije amatsinda barimo.
Itsinda rya mbere:
Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko no kuyisobanura.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani migufi no kuyisobanura.
Ubushobozi n‟ingingo
nsanganyamasomo
Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu
Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
1. Intangiriro:
Iminota 5
Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo
by‟ivumburamatsiko ku migani migufi.
Amatsinda yose:
Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko ku
migani migufi.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda:
(buri wese yisanzura mu
gutanga ibitekerezo)
Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:
- Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(umwandiko uvuga ku bahungu
n‟abakobwa ).
- Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku
61
bafite ibyo bagenerwa
byihariye no kubafasha kujyana
n‟abandi)
2. Isomo nyirizina:
Iminota 25
2.1. Kwivumburira ibikubiye
mu kigwa
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa
bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa
(imigani migufi) no kubafasha
kwikemurira ingorane bahura na zo.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Gusoma umwandiko bahawe bahawe ku
mpapuro bagatahuramo imigani migufi
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Gusoma umwandiko bahawe bahawe ku
mpapuro bagatahuramo imigani migufi
- Gusobanura imigani batahuye.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Gahanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani
migufi no kuyisobanura.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda:
(buri wese yisanzura mu
gutanga ibitekerezo)
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:
- Umuco w‟amahoro:
(bakorera mu matsinda mu
bworoherane)
- Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(abahungu n‟abakobwa bagira
uruhare mu isomo).
- Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku
bafite ibyo bagenerwa
byihariye no kubafasha kujyana
n‟abandi)
2.2. Kumurika ibyagezweho
- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo
muri buri tsinda bamurika.
- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri
tsinda bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye
biteganyijwe.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Bagaragaza imigani migufi batahuyemo.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Bagaragaza ibisobanuro by‟imigani migufi
batahuye mu mwandiko bahawe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Kumurika utwandiko turimo imigani miremire
n‟ibisobanuro byayo.
2.3. Kunoza ibyamuritswe
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo
banoze ibyavuye mu matsinda.
- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu
matsinda yose).
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
62
bitangwa)
2.4. Umusozo/
inshamake
-Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora
inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
(abakobwa n‟abahungu igihe ishuri
ririmo ibitsina byombi).
- Gukora inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye
mu matsinda.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
3. Isuzuma:
Iminota10
Umukoro
- Gutanga ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko
cyangwa mu magambo)
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
Itsinda rya mbere:
Imyitozo yo gutahura imigani migufi mu
mwandiko no kuvuga indi migani bazi.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Imyitozo yo kugaragaza imigani migufi
no kuvuga ibisobanuro byayo.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Imyitozo yo gukora akandiko karimo imigani
migufi no gutanga ibisobanuro byayo.
- Kwandika umukoro.
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza ibisubizo
bitangwa)
- Kwiga no guhora yiyungura
ubumenyi: (abanyeshuri
bashishikarizwa gukomeza
kwiyungura ubushobozi mu
byo biga).
Kwisuzuma (umwarimu) - Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda
anyuranye).
- Kugaragaza imbogamizi yahuye na zo mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri.
63
IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 5
Izina ry‟ishuri: ………………………......................................... Amazina y‟umwarimu: …………………….................................………
URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟IKIBONEZAMVUGO
Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe:
Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura ntera no kuzikoresha mu nteruro: 6
Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri batazi gushaka uturemajambo (intego) twa ntera: 10
Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo rya ntera: abasigaye bose (22)
Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo
rimara
Umubare
w‟abanyeshuri
cya 2 …../…..//2020 Ikinyarwanda wa 5 wa 4 …. Muri…. Iminota 40 38
Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare
wabo
Umunyeshuri umwe utumva neza.
Umutwe wa 4 Kuboneza ubuzima bw‟imyororokere
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi
bugamijwe
- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye n‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere,
- Gusesengura izina rusange mbonera, gusesengura ntera, izina ntera n‟igisantera no kubikoresha mu nteruro no
kunoza imyandikire.
Isomo Ntera
Intego ngenamukoro
Ahereye ku nteruro zakoreshejwemo ntera, umunyeshuri araba ashobora:
Itsinda rya mbere:
Gutahura ntera, kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango no kuzikoresha mu nteruro ziboneye.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Gusesengura ntera agaragaza intego (uturemajambo) yayo.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo ntera zinyuranye no kuzigaragariza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi.
64
Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.
Imfashanyigisho Impapuro ziriho interuro, igitabo cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.
Inyandiko n‟ibitabo byifashishijwe
-REB, Ikinyarwanda –amashuri abanza Twumve, tuvuge, dusome, twandike, duhange mu Kinyarwanda, umwaka
wa gatanu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟icy‟umwarimu, 2019
-REB, Integanyanyigisho y‟ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, 2015
- Imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ibice by‟isomo + igihe Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora
Umwarimu yifashishije interuro ziri ku dupapuro abanyeshuri barazisoma bakore ibikorwa
bikurikira bakurikije amatsinda barimo.
1. Batahure ntera, bayiceho akarongo, batahure inshoza n‟uturango twa ntera,
2. Bayishakire intego, banerekane amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe aho ari,
3. Bahange akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye banazigaragarize intego n‟amategeko
y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe.
Ubushobozi n‟ingingo
nsanganyamasomo
Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
1. Intangiriro:
Iminota 5
Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo
by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri ntera
Amatsinda yose:
Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri
ntera.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no
gushakira ibibazo
ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Gusabana mu
Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga
ibitekerezo)
Ingingo
nsanganyamasomo:
- Uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye:
65
(umwandiko uvuga ku
bahungu n‟abakobwa
ndetse n‟ababyeyi
bombi).
- Uburezi budaheza:
(Kwita ku bafite ibyo
bagenerwa byihariye no
kubafasha kujyana
n‟abandi)
2. Isomo nyirizina: Iminota 25
2.1. Kwivumburira ibikubiye
mu kigwa
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa
bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa (ntera) no
kubafasha kwikemurira ingorane bahura na
zo.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;
- Gutahura ntera, bayicaho akarongo;
-Gutahura inshoza n‟uturango bya ntera.
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;
- Kugaragaza intego ya ntera zirimo;
- Kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi
yakoreshejwe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Gahanga akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Gusabana mu
Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga
ibitekerezo)
- Ubushishozi no
gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
Ingingo
nsanganyamasomo:
- Umuco w‟amahoro:
66
2.2. Kumurika ibyagezweho
- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri
buri tsinda bamurika.
- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri
tsinda bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye
biteganyijwe.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Kugaragaza ntera batahuye (bayiciyeho
akarongo)
- Kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango bya ntera
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Kugaragaza intego ya ntera
- Kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi
yakoreshejwe
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Kwerekana akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye
bahanze
(bakorera mu matsinda
mu bworoherane)
- Uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(abahungu n‟abakobwa
bagira uruhare mu
isomo).
- Uburezi budaheza:
(Kwita ku bafite ibyo
bagenerwa byihariye no
kubafasha kujyana
n‟abandi)
2.3. Kunoza ibyamuritswe
-Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo banoze
ibyavuye mu matsinda.
- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu
matsinda yose).
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
2.4. Umusozo/
inshamake
-Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora inshamake
y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga. (abakobwa
n‟abahungu igihe ishuri ririmo ibitsina
byombi).
- Gukora inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye
mu matsinda.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no
gushakira ibibazo
ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
67
3. Isuzuma:
Iminota10
Umukoro
- Gutanga ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko cyangwa
mu magambo)
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
Itsinda rya mbere:
Imyitozo yo gutahura ntera bazicaho
akarongo no kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango
bya ntera
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Imyitozo yo kugaragaza intego ya ntera no
kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi
yakoreshejwe
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Imyitozo yo kugaragaza intego ya ntera
n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe mu
kandiko bahanze
- Kwandika umukoro.
- Ubushishozi no
gushakira ibibazo
ibisubizo: (buri wese
aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Kwiga no guhora
yiyungura ubumenyi:
(abanyeshuri
bashishikarizwa
gukomeza kwiyungura
ubushobozi mu byo
biga).
Kwisuzuma (umwarimu) - Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda
anyuranye).
- Kugaragaza imbogamizi yahuye na zo mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri.
68
IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 6
Izina ry‟ishuri: ………………………......................................... Amazina y‟umwarimu: …………………….................................………
URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UBUMENYI RUSANGE BW‟URURIMI : IHANGAMWANDIKO
Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe
Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura ibice by‟umwandiko w‟ihangamwandiko: 3
Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri batazi gutondeka ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko bahawe ngo bahange umwandiko (intego): 9
Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo ry‟ihangamwandiko: abasigaye bose (29)
Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo rimara Umubare
w‟abanyeshuri
cya 2 …../…..//2020 Ikinyarwanda wa 6 wa 4 …. Muri…. Iminota 40 41
Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize
n‟umubare wabo
0
Umutwe wa 4 Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye
Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi
bugamijwe
- Gusesengura umwandiko ujyanye no kwimakaza uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye;
- Guhanga umwandiko; gutegura ibiganiro mpaka no kubiyobora, no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo
y‟Ikinyarwanda.
Isomo Ihimbamwandiko
Intego ngenamukoro
Yishashishije amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo byo gutondeka, umunyeshuri arashobora:
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko;
- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru;
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora;
- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko
yahawe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko
69
yihitiyemo.
Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera
Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda ku gice cy‟uruziga aho bishoboka.
Imfashanyigisho Imfashanyigisho zifatika (amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo byo gutondeka ngo bahange umwandiko), igitabo
cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.
Inyandiko n‟ibitabo
byifashishijwe
Integanyanyigisho, igitabo cy‟umwarimu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟ibindi bitabo.
Ibice by‟isomo + igihe Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora
Hifashishijwe amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo, umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri mu gikorwa
cyo kubitondeka ngo bahange umwandiko.
Ubushobozi n‟ingingo
nsanganyamasomo
Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri
1. Intangiriro:
Iminota 5
Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo
by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri ku ihimbandiko
Amatsinda yose:
Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko ku
ihimbamwandiko
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Gusabana mu
Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga
ibitekerezo)
Ingingo
nsanganyamasomo:
- Uburinganire
n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(umwandiko uvuga ku
bahungu n‟abakobwa
ndetse n‟ababyeyi bombi).
70
-Uburezi budaheza: (buri
munyeshuri yitabwaho mu
isomo)
2. Isomo nyirizina:
Iminota 25
2.1. Kwivumburira
ibikubiye mu kigwa
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa
bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa no
kubafasha kwikemurira ingorane
bahura na zo.
Itsinda rya mbere:
-Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice
by‟umwandiko.
- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita
bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita
bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru.
- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza
amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko
yahawe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza
amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko
yihitiyemo.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
-Gusabana mu
Kinyarwanda: (buri wese
yisanzura mu gutanga
ibitekerezo)
-Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
Ingingo
nsanganyamasomo:
-Umuco w‟amahoro:
(bakorera mu matsinda
mu bworoherane).
-Uburinganire
71
2.2. Kumurika
ibyagezweho
- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo
muri buri tsinda bamurika.
- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri tsinda
bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye biteganyijwe.
Itsinda rya mbere:
- Kwerekana ibice by‟umwandiko.
- Kugaragaza uko bakurikiranyije ibitekerezo bahawe
bigakora inkuru
Itsinda rya kabiri:
- Kugaragaza uko bakurikiranyije ibitekerezo bahawe
bigakora inkuru
- Kugaragaza imyandiko bahanze ku nsanganyamatsiko
bahawe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
- Kugaragaza imyandiko bahanze ku nsanganyamatsiko
bihitiyemo.
n‟ubwuzuzanye:
(abahungu n‟abakobwa
bagira uruhare mu isomo).
-Uburezi budaheza: (buri
munyeshuri yitabwaho mu
isomo).
2.3. Kunoza
ibyamuritswe
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo
banoze ibyavuye mu matsinda.
- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu matsinda yose).
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
2.4. Umusozo/
inshamake
- Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora
inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
(abakobwa n‟abahungu igihe ishuri
ririmo ibitsina byombi).
- Gukora inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.
- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye mu
matsinda.
Ubushobozi
nsanganyamasomo:
Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
72
3. Isuzuma:
Iminota10
Umukoro
- Gutanga ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko
cyangwa mu magambo)
- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟isuzuma.
Itsinda rya mbere:
Imyitozo yo kugaragaza ibice by‟umwandiko
no gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe uko bikwiye
gukurikirana bigakora inkuru
Itsinda rya kabiri:
Imyitozo yo guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke
yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko bahawe.
Itsinda rya gatatu:
Imyitozo yo guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke
yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku
nsanganyamatsiko yihitiyemo.
- Kwandika umukoro.
- Ubushishozi no gushakira
ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri
wese aharanira kunoza
ibisubizo bitangwa)
- Kwiga no guhora
yiyungura ubumenyi:
(abanyeshuri
bashishikarizwa gukomeza
kwiyungura ubushobozi
mu byo biga).
Kwisuzuma
(umwarimu)
- Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda
anyuranye).
- Kugaragaza imbogamizi yahuye na zo mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri.
73
IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE
1. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa mbere w‟amashuri
abanza, REB, Kigali.
2. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa kabiri w‟amashuri
abanza, REB, Kigali.
3. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa gatatu w‟amashuri
abanza, REB, Kigali.
4. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, igitabo cy‟umwarimu gikubiyemo inkuru zisomerwa
abanyeshuri, umwaka wa mbere w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.
5. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, igitabo cy‟umwarimu gikubiyemo inkuru zisomerwa
abanyeshuri, umwaka wa kabiri w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.
6. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, igitabo cy‟umwarimu gikubiyemo inkuru zisomerwa
abanyeshuri, umwaka wa gatatu w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.
7. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2019, Imfashanyigisho y‟Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri, REB, Kigali.
8. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2020, Gahunda nzamurabushobozi yo gusoma no kwandika
Ikinyarwanda. Inyoborabarezi y‟umwaka wa mbere,uwa kabiri n‟uwa gatatu, REB, Kigali.
9. MINISITERI Y‟UBUREZI, 2015, Integanyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.
10. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, 2020. The general guide to remedial and catch up programs for the students at risk of repetition and dropping out,
MINEDUC, Kigali.
74
Imigereka
Urugero rw‟ifishi itegurirwa buri munyeshuri witabiriye gahunda nzamurabushobozi
Ishuri: …………………………………….. Izina ry‟umunyeshuri ……………………………………………………………………………
Umwaka…… ……………………..Igihembwe: ……………………………. Isomo: IKINYARWANDA. Umutwe: ……………………………
Aho umunyeshuri afite
ubushobozi buke
Impamvu zateye
ubushobozi buke
Ingamba zafatwa
Uburyo umunyeshuri yazamuye
urwego rwe
Ibindi
Birashimishije
cyane
birashimishije gahoro
- Ntashobora gusoma ijambo
Ntashobora guvuga neza
imigemo igize ijambo
Ntashobora kwandika
inyuguti, igihekane,
umugemo, ijambo
Ntashobora gusoma neza
interuro
Ntashobora gusubiza neza
ibibazo byo kumva
umwandiko
Ibindi
Ibibazo
by‟imitekerereze
Ntakunda kwiga
Ntakurikira mu ishuri
Yumva gake
Ntasobanukiwe
ibyigwa byabanje
Ibibazo byo mu
muryango
Ibindi
Gusoma inyuguti zigize
ijambo agemura
Kwigishwa
inyunguramagambo
z‟ibanze
Kwigishwa amasomo
y‟inyongera
Gukoresha imfashanyigisho
zifatika
Kwifashisha uturirimbo
n‟udukino
Gukora utwitozo tworoheje
Gusoma udukuru dufite
amashusho
Ibindi
Ibitekerezo by‟umubyeyi: Ibitekerezo by‟umuyobozi w‟ishuri:
Ikitonderwa: Iyi fishi igenewe kuzuzwa nyuma ya buri mutwe kuri buri munyashuri uri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.