I II III IV V Ch. 8 – Chemical Reactions III. Types of Chemical Reactions (p. 256 - 267)
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I II III IV V
Ch. 8 – Chemical Reactions
III. Types of Chemical Reactions
(p. 256 - 267)
1. Combustion
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
the burning of any substance in O2 to produce heat
A + O2 B
C3H8(g)+ O2(g) 5 3 4
1. Combustion
Reactants:
contain oxygen
Products: hydrocarbons form CO2 + H2O
CO2(g)+ H2O(g)
2. Synthesis
the combination of 2 or more substances to form a compound
only one product
A + B AB
Al(s)+ Cl2(g)
AlCl3(s)2 3 2
2. Synthesis Products:
ionic - cancel charges Reactants with O2 or S, products are oxides or sulfides
Reactants with oxides and groups 1 or 2 metals, products are hydroxides
SYNTHESIS
In the cartoon, the skinny bird (reactant) and the worm (reactant) combine to make one
product, a fat bird
2. Synthesis
Example C + O2 CO2
OO C +
OO COO C OO C OO C OO
C OO
C OO
CO
O
C O
O
C O
O
C OO
COO
COO C
OO C
General: A + B AB
B. Synthesis
H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g)
3. Decomposition
a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances
only one reactant
AB A + B
KBr(l) K(s) + Br2(l) 2 2
3. Decomposition Products:
binary - break into elements Metal carbonates – metal oxides and CO2(g)
Metal hydroxides – EXCEPT Grp 1, metal oxides and H2O
Metal chlorides- chlorides and O2(g)
DECOMPOSITION
In this cartoon the egg (the reactant), which contained the turtle at one time, now has
opened and the turtle (product) and egg shell (product) are now two separate substances.
3. Decomposition
2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
3. Decomposition
Example: NaCl
General: AB A + B
Cl Na Cl + Na
3. Decomposition
Example 2 HgO
O Hg
O Hg
Hg
O O Hg
+
General: AB A + B
4. Single Replacement
one element replaces another in a compound metal replaces metal (+) nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)
A + BC B + AC
4. Single Replacement
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Fe(s)+ CuSO4(aq) Cu(s)+ FeSO4(aq)
D. Single Replacement Products:
free element must be more active (check activity series) Metal in H2O – Group 1: hydroxides
and H2(g). All others: oxides and H2(g)
Metal in acid – salt and H2(g)
Br2(l)+ NaCl(aq) N.R.
SINGLE REPLACEMENT
Notice, the guy in the orange shirt steals the date of the other guy. So, a part of one of the
reactants trades places and is in a different place among the products.
4. Single displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
ZnClCl Cu +
General: AB + C AC + B
ClCl Zn Cu+
AB + CD AD + CB
5. Double Replacement
ions in two compounds “change partners” cation of one compound combines with
anion of the other
Pb(NO3)2(aq)+ KI(aq) PbI2(s)+ KNO3(aq)
5. Double Replacement
Products: switch negative ions one product must be insoluble (check
solubility table)
NaNO3(aq)+ KI(aq) N.R.
2 2
5. Double displacement
Example: MgO + CaS
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SOMg Ca
+O S
Mg Ca+
5. Double Replacement
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
http://www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem/notes.htm#reactions
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