III II Regular April 2010 Tssn

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Code No: V3201/R07 Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010GEO TECHNICAL ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. (a) Differentiate between residual and transported soils.

(b) An undisturbed specimen of clay was tested in the laboratory and the followingresults were obtained. Specific gravity of solids is 2.70, wet and dry masses ofthe specimen are 210 g and 125 g respectively. Assuming the wet specimen tobe:

i. 100% saturated and

ii. 75% saturated, determine:

A. total volume,

B. void ratio and

C. porosity of the specimen. [6+10]

2. (a) Write the notes on Indian Standard Classification of coarse grained soils.

(b) Describe the hydrometer method of particle size analysis of soils. [6+10]

3. (a) Discuss the factors that influence the value of coefficient of permeability of asoil.

(b) A soil sample 90 mm high and 6000 mm2 in cross-section was subjected toa falling head permeability test. The head fall from 500 mm to 300 mm in1500 sec. The permeability of the soil was 2.4×10−3 mm/s. Determine thediameter of the stand pipe. [8+8]

4. (a) Define: total stress, effective stress and neutral stress as applied to soils.

(b) What are the corrections to be made to the phreatic line? And how the sameis carried out.

(c) What is a flow net? State its properties and applications. What is the quantityof seepage between two successive flow lines and equipotential lines? [4+4+8]

5. A water tower has a circular foundation of 10m diameter. If the total weight of thetower, including foundation is 2.5 × 104 kN, calculate the vertical stress a depth of3.0m below the foundation level. Also calculate stress at 1.5m depth. [16]

6. The following are results of standard compaction test performed on a sample of soil:

Water content (%) 5 10 14 20 25Bulk density (kN/m3) 17.7 19.8 21 20.8 20.6

Plot the water content - dry density curve and obtain the optimum water contentand maximum dry density. Calculate the water content necessary to completely

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saturate the sample at its maximum dry density, assuming no change in the volume.Take G = 2.7. [16]

7. (a) Explain why there is a significant time lag in the settlement of clay soils butnot in sandy soils.

(b) Explain in sequence, the occurrences that take place when a saturated claydeposit undergoes consolidation. [8+8]

8. A series of undrained shear box tests (area of box = 3600mm2) were carried out ona soil with the following results.

Normal Load (N) Shear force at failure (N)90 70180 90270 117

(a) Determine the cohesion and angle of friction of the soil with respect to totalstresses.

(b) If a 30 mm diameter, 72 mm long sample of the same soil was tested ina triaxial machine, with a cell pressure 270 KN/m2. What would be theadditional axial load at failure, if the sample shortened by 6.3 mm?

(c) If the soil was tested in an unconfined compression apparatus, at what valueof compressive stress, would failure be expected? [16]

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1. (a) What is meant by weathering? Describe its agents, process and effects onrocks.

(b) A natural soil deposit has a bulk unit weight of 19 kN/m3 and water contentof 5%. Estimate the amount of water required to be added to 1 m3 of soil toraise the water content to 15%. Assume the void ratio to remain constant.The specific gravity of solids is 2.67. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the salient features of Indian Standard Classification system.

(b) For a particle of diameter 0.2 mm how much time is required to settle througha depth of water of 30 cm? The viscosity of water is 0.001 N-sec/m2 and unitweight of water is 9.81 kN/m3. The specific gravity of soil is 2.67. [10+6]

3. (a) Distinguish between:

i. discharge velocity and seepage velocity

ii. coefficient of permeability and coefficient of percolation.

(b) Explain the phenomenon of capillary rise in soil and develop an expression forthe capillary rise.

(c) Indicate approximate range of values of coefficient of permeability for gravel,sand, silt and clays. [6+6+4]

4. (a) What is quick sand condition? Derive the expression for the critical hydraulicgradient.

(b) Explain the graphical procedure of drawing the phreatic line in a homogeneousearth dam provided with a toe drain. [6+10]

5. A T - shaped foundation is loaded with a uniform load of 110 KN/m2. Determinethe vertical stress at point P at a depth of 5.0m as shown in figure 5. [16]

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Figure 5

6. (a) Differentiate between consolidation and compaction.

(b) A cylindrical specimen of a cohesive soil of 10cm diameter and 20cm lengthwas prepared by compaction in a mould. If the wet mass of the specimenwas 3.50 kg and its water content was 15% determine the dry density andvoid ratio. If the specific gravity of the particles was 2.70, find the degree ofsaturation. [8+8]

7. (a) There is clay layer 7m thick with a layer of sand on either side. An undisturbedsample 2.5 cm thick of the clay when tested in the laboratory required 26minutes to reach 50% consolidation (Tv=0.20). It is proposed to construct abuilding at the above site. Estimate the time required for 90% consolidationto take place (Tv =0.85)

(b) Calculate the final settlement of the clay layer shown in Figure 7b due to an in-crease of pressure of 35 kN/m2 at mid height of the layer. Take γw=10KN/M3.

[8+8]

Figure 7b

8. Differentiate between unconsolidated undrained test and drained test. Under whatconditions are these test results used for design purposes? [16]

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2. (a) Briefly describe the procedure to determine the liquid limit of a soil.

(b) The sieve analysis and consistency limit tests conducted on a soil sample gavethe following results:Percent passing 4.75 mm sieve = 82; Percent passing 75 micron sieve = 9; D10

= 0.11 mm; D30 = 0.45 mm; D60 = 1.12 mm; Liquid limit = 22%; Plasticlimit =12%.Classify the soil by Indian Standard Classification. [10+6]

3. (a) Explain the constant head method for determining the permeability of soiland derive the equation used.

(b) Distinguish between discharge velocity and seepage velocity. Obtain a rela-tionship between them. [10+6]

4. (a) Define: total stress, effective stress and neutral stress as applied to soils.

(b) What are the corrections to be made to the phreatic line? And how the sameis carried out.

(c) What is a flow net? State its properties and applications. What is the quantityof seepage between two successive flow lines and equipotential lines? [4+4+8]

5. (a) Derive the equation for calcuting vertical pressure under a uniformly loadedcircular area.

(b) Write the assumptions made in Wester gaard?s stress analysis. [10+6]

6. What is the effect of compaction on the engineering properties of soil? How wouldyou decide whether the soil should be compacted the dry of optimum or the wet ofoptimum? [8+8]

7. (a) What are different causes of pre consolidation in soils? What is the effect ofpre consolidation on the settlement?

(b) How would you determine the time-settlement curve in the field? [8+8]

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8. (a) Define critical void ratio. Explain the shear behavior of a soil whose void ratiois less than the critical void ratio.

(b) Explain how a negative pore water pressure develops in a consolidated -undrained test on a over-consolidated clay. [8+8]

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2. (a) Explain the salient features of Indian Standard Classification system.

(b) For a particle of diameter 0.2 mm how much time is required to settle througha depth of water of 30 cm? The viscosity of water is 0.001 N-sec/m2 and unitweight of water is 9.81 kN/m3. The specific gravity of soil is 2.67. [10+6]

3. (a) Distinguish between:

i. discharge velocity and seepage velocity

ii. coefficient of permeability and coefficient of percolation.

(b) Explain the phenomenon of capillary rise in soil and develop an expression forthe capillary rise.

(c) Indicate approximate range of values of coefficient of permeability for gravel,sand, silt and clays. [6+6+4]

4. (a) Define the following terms:

i. flow line,

ii. equipotential line,

iii. exit gradient,

iv. uplift pressure,

v. phreatic line, and

vi. field.

(b) A flow net for calculating the seepage under a sheet pile wall was drawn. Thecoefficient of permeability of sand was 8×10−4 cm/sec. There were 5 flowpaths and 14 equipotential drops in the flow net. The head causing flow was5.0 m. Estimate the quantity of seepage in m3/day/m length of the sheet pilewall. Also show the typical flow net below the sheet pile wall. [6+10]

5. The uniform intensity of loading at the foundation level of a building is 10 m inwidth and very great extent in length, with the intensity of loading of 100 kN/m2.Using Boussinesq’s analysis, compute analytically the vertical pressure under the

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centre of footing at a depth of 10 m. Also find vertical stress at a depth of 1munder the edge of the building. [16]

6. What are the factors that effect compaction? Discuss in detail with illustrationsketches. [16]

7. (a) There is clay layer 7m thick with a layer of sand on either side. An undisturbedsample 2.5 cm thick of the clay when tested in the laboratory required 26minutes to reach 50% consolidation (Tv=0.20). It is proposed to construct abuilding at the above site. Estimate the time required for 90% consolidationto take place (Tv =0.85)

(b) Calculate the final settlement of the clay layer shown in Figure 7b due to an in-crease of pressure of 35 kN/m2 at mid height of the layer. Take γw=10KN/M3.

[8+8]

Figure 7b

8. What are the three standard triaxial shear tests with respect to drainage conditions?Explain with reasons the stuations for which each test is to be preferred. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010INSTRUMENTATION

(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. Draw the block diagram of the measuring system and explain each stage with theirfunctions. [16]

2. (a) Define and distinguish between periodic and aperiodic signals with examplesand necessary wave forms?

(b) Define ‘Laplace’ and ‘Fourier’ transforms and indicate the conditions underwhich each is applicable. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive an expression for the vertical deflection of an electron beam in theCRT.

(b) The deflection sensitivity of an oscilloscope is 35 v/cm. If the distance fromdeflection plates to CRT screen is 16cm, length of the deflection plate is 2.5cmand the distance between the deflecting plates is 1.2cm. What is the acceler-ation anode voltage?

[8+8]

4. (a) State the advantages of digital voltmeters over other voltmeters?

(b) How the Digital voltmeters are classified? Explain them? [8+8]

5. (a) What are the differences between Frequency selective and Heterodyne waveanalyzers.

(b) Explain the principle and operation of Inter Modulation Distortion analyzerwith block diagram. [6+10]

6. (a) What are the uses of LVDT?

(b) Draw sketches of typical applications of LVDT.

(c) Explain how a linear characteristic is obtained for the capacitive displacementtransducers.

(d) Briefly explain various modes of operation of piezoelectric crystals. [2+5+5+4]

7. (a) What are the uses of strain gauges.

(b) Explain various strain gauge circuits. [4+12]

8. (a) It is required to design a resistance thermometer using a nickel wire of 0.002mmdiameter. The thermometer resistance at 0 0C is to be 100Ω. How long thewire should be? The resistivity of nickel is 8.7 × 10 - 6 Ω cm at 0 0C and thetemperature coefficient of the resistance is 0.00680 /C

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(b) a chromel-alumel thermocouple is assumed to have nearly operating range upto 1100 0C with emf (ref 0 0C) 45.14 mV at this temperature. The thermo-couple is exposed to a temperature of 840 0C. The portentiometer is used asthe cold junction and the temperature is estimated to be 25 0C. Calculate theemf indicated on the potentiometer. [8+8]

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1. (a) Explain the terms ‘accuracy’ and ‘precision’ and discuss the need for havingthem properly matched to each other.

(b) Define ‘dynamic error’ and show how it differs with the type of input signalapplied to the system. [8+8]

2. Explain the dynamic behavior of the input conditions of standard test signals. [16]

3. (a) Derive an expression for the vertical deflection of an electron beam in theCRT.

(b) The deflection sensitivity of an oscilloscope is 35 v/cm. If the distance fromdeflection plates to CRT screen is 16cm, length of the deflection plate is 2.5cmand the distance between the deflecting plates is 1.2cm. What is the acceler-ation anode voltage?

[8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail about integrating type DVM.

(b) Explain the successive approximation conversion techniques. [8+8]

5. Write a short notes on the following:

(a) Frequency selective analyzer

(b) Q meter

(c) RMS volt meter. [6+4+6]

6. Explain the following characteristics of the thermistors

(a) Resistance temperature characteristics

(b) Voltage current

(c) Current time. [8+5+3]

7. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Temperature compensation of Strain gauge

(b) Cantilever elastic element for force measurement

(c) Calibration of motion measuring devices. [6+4+6]

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8. (a) It is required to design a resistance thermometer using a nickel wire of 0.002mmdiameter. The thermometer resistance at 0 0C is to be 100Ω. How long thewire should be? The resistivity of nickel is 8.7 × 10 - 6 Ω cm at 0 0C and thetemperature coefficient of the resistance is 0.00680 /C

(b) a chromel-alumel thermocouple is assumed to have nearly operating range upto 1100 0C with emf (ref 0 0C) 45.14 mV at this temperature. The thermo-couple is exposed to a temperature of 840 0C. The portentiometer is used asthe cold junction and the temperature is estimated to be 25 0C. Calculate theemf indicated on the potentiometer. [8+8]

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1. Define the following

(a) Arithmetic mean

(b) Median

(c) Standard deviation

(d) Variance. [4+4+4+4]

2. Explain the dynamic behavior of the input conditions of standard test signals. [16]

3. (a) What is the minimum distance L that will allow full deflection of 5cm at theoscilloscope screen with a deflection factor of 100v/cm and with an accelerationpotential of 2000v?

(b) Write short notes on Deflection sensitivity. [8+8]

4. With a neat block diagram explain the microprocessor based ramp type digitalvoltmeter. [16]

5. (a) What are spectrum analyzers? Classify them.

(b) Explain the principle and operation of basic spectrum analyzer with a neatblock diagram. [4+12]

6. (a) What are the various materials used for the manufacture of strain gauges?Mention their characteristics.

(b) Discuss in detail about the bonded metal foil strain gauges.

(c) What is a resolver? Classify resolvers. Mention a few applications of resolvers.[4+6+6]

7. (a) Explain shaft speed measurements using Stroboscope with neat ketches.

(b) While measuring the speed of a steam turbine with stroboscope single lineimages were observed for the stroboscope setting of 3000, 4000 and 5230 rpm.Calculate the speed of the turbine. [12+4]

8. (a) Classify the various types of pressure measuring instruments.

(b) Describe pressure measurement using the following:

i. LVDT

ii. photoelectric transducers

iii. Oscillation transducers. [4+12]

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1. (a) Explain how the accuracy can be specified for an instrument?

(b) Define the following terms

i. Speed of response

ii. Lag

iii. Fidelity

iv. Dynamic error? [16]

2. Describe the process of modulation and the techniques usually adopted. [16]

3. (a) Write the important specifications of CRO for instrumentation applications.What selection factors are necessary for selecting a CRO.

(b) Calculate the velocity of an electron beam in an oscilloscope if the voltageapplied to its vertical deflection plates is 2000v. Also calculate the cut offfrequency if the maximum transit time is 1/4th of a cycle. The length ofhorizontal plates is 50mm. [8+8]

4. Explain how the basic principle of successive approximation type DVM is similarto the simple example of determination of weight of an object. [16]

5. (a) What are spectrum analyzers? Classify them.

(b) Explain the principle and operation of basic spectrum analyzer with a neatblock diagram. [4+12]

6. (a) Explain about the following strain gauges.

i. evaporation deposited thin metal strain gauges.

ii. semi conductor strain gauges.

(b) A single strain-gauge having a resistance of 120 Ω is mounted on a steel can-tilever beam at a distance of 0.15m from the free end. An unknown force F isapplied at the free end produces a deflection of 12.7mm of the free end. Thechange in the gauge resistance is found to be 0.152Ω. The beam is 0.25m longwith a width of 20mm and a depth of 3mm.the young’s modulus for steel is200GN/m2. Calculate the gauge factor. [4+8+4]

7. (a) Mention a few devices that are used for the measurement of displacement.

(b) Describe adjacent arm compensating gauge method of temperature compen-sation for strain gauges.

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(c) Define gauge sensitivity and derive expression for it. [2+10+4]

8. (a) Describe the principle and operation of Knudsen gauge with a neat sketch.

(b) Describe the operation of Ionization gauges for pressure measurement. [8+8]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010METROLOGY AND SURFACE ENGINEERING

(Mechanical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. With a neat sketch, describe of the following and explain their working with anexample to each.

(a) Differential screw micrometer

(b) Depth micrometer. [8+8]

2. (a) What are interferometers? Name the various types of interferometer?

(b) What is the fundamental difference between the length and flatness interfer-ometer. [8+8]

3. (a) What are essential properties of a light wave for interference? Discuss withneat diagram.

(b) What do you understand by Moire fringes and how these are utilized foraccurate measurement? [8+8]

4. How the Tomlinson surface recorder and Talysurf machine work? What are theirrelative merits? [16]

5. Define the following terms and show them in sketches. Explain their method ofmeasurement.

(a) Pitch

(b) Maximum Diameter

(c) Effective Diameter

(d) Angle of thread. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Distinguish between geometrical and practical tests on machine tools.

(b) Explain various instruments required for performing the alignment tests onmachine tools. [8+8]

7. Name any instrument to be used for checking the mass production of gears. Explainthe method of checking. [16]

8. Describe

(a) Porcelain Enameling

(b) Ceramic Coatings.

Give their applications. [8+8]

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1. Describe the procedure for deriving end standards from line standards with suitableexamples. [16]

2. What are the essential considerations in selection of materials for gauges and whatare the common materials used for gauges? Explain the various processes of man-ufacturing gauges? [16]

3. What are the most common aberrations found in optical projector? Explain howthey are caused. How can you overcome these? [16]

4. (a) Discuss the following terms in connection with surface finish measurements

i. Envelop method

ii. Crest line method.

(b) Describe the working principle of profilograph with help of neat diagram.[8+8]

5. (a) Describe an exclusive method for effective diameter measurement which showsvariation in drunken thread.

(b) Name the different elements required to be measured in order to determine theaccuracy of screw threads. Give a brief description of each of these elements.

[8+8]

6. Describe with neatly drawn sketches the following tests on lathe.

(a) Spindle taper bore run out.

(b) Chuck run out. [8+8]

7. (a) Briefly discuss various methods of checking gear tooth thickness.

(b) Define the term constant chord. Calculate the chord length and its distancebelow the tooth tip for a gear of module 3 and 200 pressure angle. [8+8]

8. Describe the terms:

(a) Tumbling

(b) Wire brushing

(c) Power Brushing

(d) Pre-Cleaning. [4+4+4+4]

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1. (a) Explain the effect of engineering allowance on the different types of fit requiredin Engineering manufacture.

(b) Discuss the effect of temperature on the application of limits and what pre-cautions and required during measurments. [8+8]

2. What do you understand by Moire fringes and how these are utilized for accuratelength measurement? How can these be used for angular displacement. [16]

3. Describe the application of optical flats and monochromatic light wave interferenceMethod in metrology. [16]

4. (a) What do you understand by the term ‘damping’ of an instrument?

(b) A level comparator has a vial radius of 200m, divisions 2.5mm apart andcontact feet at 10mm center distance. Calculate the difference in length oftwo gauges under comparison if the total bubble displacement is 5 divisions.

[8+8]

5. Discuss any two measuring instruments for the measurement of screw thread ele-ments with the help of neat sketches. [16]

6. (a) With the help of neat sketches. Explain the working of a differential screwtype micrometer.

(b) Describe the method of checking flatness and square ness with the axis of thespindle end of an external micrometer. [8+8]

7. Explain in detail the following methods of inspecting gear

(a) Concentricity & cylindricity

(b) Run out and axial slip. [8+8]

8. Describe the terms:

(a) Tumbling

(b) Wire brushing

(c) Power Brushing

(d) Pre-Cleaning. [4+4+4+4]

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1. Identify whether the following fits are hole based or shaft based. Convert them into equivalent other system.

(a) H7 - f8

(b) F6 - h4

(c) H5 - n4

(d) H7 - c6. [16]

2. Explain the classification of plain limit gauges? Sketch and explain any four typesof plug gauges? [16]

3. What are interferometers? Name the various types of interferometers? Explain anyone method in detail? [16]

4. (a) Write the advantages and disadvantages of stylus probe type instrument usedfor surface rougness measurement.

(b) Describe briefly some recent advances in the field of surface texture measure-ment. [8+8]

5. (a) Distinguish between left hand thread and right hand thread. Sketch thesethreads. Give few applications of each type.

(b) What are the different elements of a screw thread? What are the instrumentsused for the measurement of the above elements. [8+8]

6. Name the various alignment tests to be performed on a lathe. Describe any four ofthem in detail. [16]

7. Discuss the gear metrology of spur gears with reference to

(a) Lead

(b) Module. [8+8]

8. Write notes on the following explain what type of material used and why.

(a) Abrasive plating

(b) Degreasing. [8+8]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

(Electronics & Communication Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. (a) How are the switching systems classified? In what way is stored programcontrol superior to hard-wired control?

(b) In a 100 line folded network, how many switching elements are required fornon blocking operation? [10+6]

2. (a) Define each of the following terms: program, procedure, processor, process,user, task, job and subroutine.

(b) Find the blocking probability of a three stage network for M=N=2048,p=q=16and α = 0.1 for S= 16, 24 and 32. [8+8]

3. (a) A subscriber loop of 18km is to be supported from an exchange that usesa 40 V battery with a 400 Ω short-circuit protection resistance. Electronictelephones are used as the subscriber instruments. Determine the wire gaugethat needs to be used.

(b) Explain in detail about telecommunication network topologies? [8+8]

4. (a) Define the following terms

i. Call completion rate

ii. Erlang

iii. Busy hour call attempts

iv. CCS.

(b) A group of 20 servers carry a traffic of 10 erlangs. If the average duration ofa call is three minutes, Calculate the number of calls put through by a singleserver and the group as a whole in a one-hour period. [8+8]

5. (a) With the help of point to Multipoint Data Communication Circuits, explainin detail Front-end Processor, serial interface, Modem and LCU. [16]

6. (a) What is Internetworking ? Explain in how many ways networks differ? Whatare the functions of Gateway?

(b) Distinguish between transparent and non-transparent fragmentation? [10+6]

7. (a) Describe NISDN layered Architecture in detail.

(b) Describe BISDN Protocol model with the protocols and functions of Layers.[8+8]

8. (a) How does ADSL divide the band width of a twisted pair cable ?

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(b) How does ADSL Modulate a Signal?.

(c) What is FTTC and who uses it. [5+5+6]

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1. (a) Explain the fundamental features of a common control system?

(b) Calculate the time taken to dial a 12-digit number in a DTMF telephone when

i. The exchange is capable of receiving DTMF signals ; and

ii. The echange can receive only pulse dialing.Compare the result with a rotary telephone dialing. [8+8]

2. (a) Define each of the following terms: program, procedure, processor, process,user, task, job and subroutine.

(b) Find the blocking probability of a three stage network for M=N=2048,p=q=16and α = 0.1 for S= 16, 24 and 32. [8+8]

3. (a) A telephone administration provides leased lines at the rate of Rs. 600 perKm for a minimum rental period of 3months. A heavy point-to-point trafficuser has his office located 600 Km apart and is confronted with the choice ofusing STD or leased lines.At what traffic volume per day, should he move overto leased line? Assume 20 working days per month and a rate of Rs. 1 perunit recorded by the meter.

(b) A telephone company proposes to introduce a simplified charging schemewhere Charging is directly proportional to the time a user remains off-hook.Discuss the Merits and demerits of such a charging scheme. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the different forms of signaling involved in telecommunication net-works? Explain.

(b) A telephone conversation is routed through four switching systems. Comparethe times required to establish the call in the case of inchannel signaling andCCS Systems given thatCircuit switching time between exchanges = 2 sSignalling time between exchanges = 0.2 sDialing time = 8 sCircuit links can be set up in parallel in the case of CCS. [8+8]

5. (a) Define the terms data, data communication, data communication circuit, datacommunication network.

(b) Draw the block diagram of UART transmitter and explain its operation.[6+10]

6. (a) Define open system interconnection. Name and explain functions of each ofthe Layers of the OSI model.

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(b) Describe the operation of star, bus ring and hybrid Network topologies [8+8]

7. (a) What are the three access methods defined by ISDN.

(b) Explain the function of ATM and AAL layers of B- ISDN reference Model[6+10]

8. (a) Describe signals, transmission rates and devices used in SONET System.

(b) Explain SONET Layers and function of each layer. [8+8]

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1. (a) How are the switching systems classified? In what way is stored programcontrol superior to hard-wired control?

(b) In a 100 line folded network, how many switching elements are required fornon blocking operation? [10+6]

2. (a) Derive expression for the blocking probability of a TSST switch if each stageis individually non blocking.

(b) Design an STS switch for 256 primary TDM signals of CCITT, PB=0.002and p= 0.2 per channel. How many TSI circuits are needed? What is thecomplexity of the switch? [8+8]

3. (a) Consider a 11-digit international number with 2-digit country code, 2-digitarea code and a 7-digit subscriber number. Prefixes ‘0’ and ‘00’ are usedfor identifying national and international numbers respectively. A few specialservices like fire, ambulance and police are given short subscriber numbers inthe range 100-199. The network is designed for remote maintenance and themaintenance exchanges are identified by the number range 900-999. Determinethe number space available for subscribers and the fraction of the space lost.

(b) Explain about the guidelines laid by CCITT to obtain transmission qualityand efficiency of operation of signaling. [8+8]

4. (a) Define the following terms

i. Call completion rate

ii. Erlang

iii. Busy hour call attempts

iv. CCS.

(b) A group of 20 servers carry a traffic of 10 erlangs. If the average duration ofa call is three minutes, Calculate the number of calls put through by a singleserver and the group as a whole in a one-hour period. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the functions of DTE and DCE.

(b) Discuss various transmission modes of data communication circuits.

(c) Explain asynchronous and Synchronous Data Formats. [5+5+6]

6. Explain in detail Mesh, Ring, Star and Bus network topologies in detail . Whatare its merits and demerits. [16]

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7. (a) What are the data link protocols used by ISDN ? Explain.

(b) Describe the four categories of messages in the ISDN network layer [8+8]

8. Write a note on

(a) Traditional Cable Networks

(b) DOCSIS. [8+8]

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1. (a) What are the different source specific telecommunication networks? Explain.

(b) An electrical communication system uses a channel that has 20dB loss. Esti-mate the received power, if the transmitted power is one watt?

(c) What is the significance of S/N ratio being -3dB? [8+4+4]

2. (a) Compare centralized and distributed SPC?

(b) Determine the switch advantage ratio of a three-stage network with N inletsand N outlets for the cases when

i. N=128 and

ii. N=32,768. [8+8]

3. (a) What are the objectives of numbering plan? How are they classified?

(b) How international and national telephone numbering plan is defined and Givetelephone number structure? [8+8]

4. (a) Define overload traffic and explain different ways of handling it.

(b) Over a 20-minute observation interval, 40 subscribers initiate calls. Totalduration of the calls is 4800 seconds. Calculate the load offered to the networkby the subscribers and the average subscriber traffic. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain dedicated client / server networks.

(b) Explain layered network architecture. [8+8]

6. (a) Define open system interconnection. Name and explain functions of each ofthe Layers of the OSI model.

(b) Describe the operation of star, bus ring and hybrid Network topologies [8+8]

7. (a) Discuss interactive and distributed services of BISDN.

(b) What are the principles and objectives of ISDN

(c) Draw the structure of ISDN and explain transmission rates supported. [5+5+6]

8. (a) Describe signals, transmission rates and devices used in SONET System.

(b) Explain SONET Layers and function of each layer. [8+8]

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Code No: V3222/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010 Operating Systems

(Computer Science and Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer Any FIVE Questions

All Questions Carry Equal Marks

*****

1. (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the abstract view of the components

of a computer system.

(b) What are the memory devices that can be connected to a computer?

Organize them in a hierarchy. [8+8 M]

2. (a) Explain Priority scheduling with the help of an example. What are

Starvation and aging?

(b) What are the situations in which Round robin scheduling is preferred and

situations in which it results in overhead. [12+4 M]

3. What are the advantages of monitors over semaphores? Solve the Dinning

philosopher’s problem using monitors. [16 M]

4. (a) What is addressing binding? How base and limit registers can be used for

address protection. [6+5+5 M]

(b) What is Contiguous memory allocation?

(c) What is Dynamic loading?

5. How operating system performs the function of Input and Output. [16 M]

6. (a) What are the different file attributes and file operations.

(b) What are the different types of files supported by an operating system?

[8+8 M]

7. What are the different types of mass storage structures? [16 M]

8. (a) How access matrix can be used for providing protection.

(b) How Firewalls are used for protection. [6+10]

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Code No: V3222/R07






*****

1. (a) Discuss operating system from user point of view and system view

(b) Compare the computer systems based on the number of processors.

[8+8 M]

2. (a) What are the different types of Scheduling Queues? What are the

different types of schedulers?

(b) What is the difference between Preemptive and non-preemptive

scheduling?

(c) What are the criteria for evaluating scheduling algorithms? Evaluate any

one scheduling algorithm using those criteria. [5+4+7 M]

3. What is the difference between binary and counting semaphore. Give a

solution for bounded buffer problem. [16 M]

4. (a) What is dynamic linking? What is its use?

(b) What is the need for swapping?

(c) What are the different types of fragmentation and what are the solutions

for it. [5+4+7 M]

5. What is Safe state? Write the Bankers algorithm and explain it with the help

of an example. [16 M]

6. (a) How locks are used in the context of files.

(b) Compare sequential and direct access methods. [5+11 M]

7. What are the different disk scheduling algorithms? [16 M]

8. What are the different schemes for protection? [16 M]

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Code No: V3222/R07






*****

1. (a) What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric

multiprocessing.

(b) How multiprogramming improves CPU utilization. [8+8 M]

2. (a) What is the difference between process and program? How they are

related.

(b) How and what information about a process is represented using PCB.

[8+8 M]

3. What is Critical Section problem? What are the different solutions to critical

section problem? [16 M]

4. Explain the memory management technique Paging. [16 M]

5. (a) What is Resource allocation graph? How Resource allocation graph can

be used in the context of Deadlocks.

(b) How Deadlocks can be prevented considering the four necessary

conditions. [6+10 M]

6. What are the different schemes for logical structure of a directory? [16 M]

7. (a) How stable storage is implemented.

(b) With the help of a diagram explain the Disk structure. [8+8 M]

8. Classify the different types of Security threats. What are the different

solutions for them? [16 M]

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Code No: V3222/R07






*****

1. (a) What is Dual mode operation of operating system?

(b) How Caching improves performance of a system. [8+8 M]

2. (a) What is system call? What is the difference between system call and

system program. What are the different types of system calls? [10+6 M]

(b) With the help of a diagram, explain the different states of a process.

3. What is the need for Process synchronization? How hardware can be used to

solve synchronization problem. [16 M]

4. (a) What is the need for demand paging.

(b) Illustrate Optimal and LRU page replacement algorithms with the help of

an example. [4+12 M]

5. What is Deadlock? What are the necessary conditions for deadlock? What

are the overheads associated with Deadlock prevention and Deadlock

avoidance algorithms. [16 M]

6. What are the different file allocation methods? [16 M]

7. Explain the different RAID levels. [16 M]

8. How security is provided in LINUX environment. [16 M]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

(Chemical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Explain in detail the following:

(a) Melting

(b) Shaping

(c) Annealing

(d) Finishing. [16]

2. (a) Briefly explain the processes available for concentration of nitric acid to 95%.

(b) Write short notes on ammonium chloride. [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss about the major engineering problems involved in the manufacturingof sulphuric acid by contact process.

(b) Write short notes on rare earth compounds. [8+8]

4. What is cement? Explain the production of cement by cement rock beneficiationprocess with a flow diagram. [16]

5. Discuss the production of phenol from cumene with neat block diagram. [16]

6. (a) Discuss about the chemical composition of oils and fats.

(b) Describe the production of any one vegetable oil. [8+8]

7. Mention different methods for soap production and explain any method. [16]

8. (a) What is a paper? List out different types of paper products.

(b) Discuss the environmental issues associated with paper industry. [6+10]

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1. (a) Write about end uses of chlorine.

(b) Explain the manufacture of sodium carbonate by any process with the help ofblock diagram and mention reactions involved in it. [6+10]

2. What is a water gas? Explain its production with a neat flow diagram. [16]

3. (a) Discuss about the selection of catalyst in manufacturing of sulphuric acid.

(b) Write short notes on barium salts. [8+8]

4. What is cement? Explain the production of cement by cement rock beneficiationprocess with a flow diagram. [16]

5. Discuss the production of Phenol- Formaldehyde, giving the process details. [16]

6. (a) Give a brief account on the use of edible and essential oils as a chemical rawmaterial by the industry.

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of production oils by mechanicaland solvent extraction methods. [8+8]

7. Describe the manufacture of detergents by any method and mention chemical re-action aswellas process condtion. [16]

8. Discuss the essential chemical reagents used in the sulphate, sulphite and neutralpulping processes and the material of construction of the digester. [16]

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1. (a) Explain various cell types used in the manufacture of chlorine.

(b) Describe the manufacture of soda ash by LeBlanc process with flow diagram.[8+8]

2. Explain the production of hydrogen by steam hydrocarbon reforming process. [16]

3. (a) Explain the production of hydrochloric acid by combustion of chlorine.

(b) Discuss about Hargreaves - type operations. [10+6]

4. Explain the production of magnesium hydroxide from sea water. [16]

5. (a) What is Styrene Butadiene Rubber?

(b) What are the properties of SBR?

(c) What are the uses of SBR? [4+8+4]

6. Give the names of any four vegetable oils and their production methods. [16]

7. Mention different methods for soap production and explain any method. [16]

8. (a) Compare the characteristics of pulp produced by mechanical, Kraft, Sulphiteand NSSC pulping processes.

(b) Discuss about bleaching of pulp. [8+8]

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1. (a) Explain the working of Diaphragm Cell with a neat sketch.

(b) Write short notes on:

i. Fused Silica

ii. Soda lime glass

iii. Lead glass

iv. Borosilicate glass. [8+8]

2. (a) What is meant by cryogenics? Explain about liquefaction of gas with the helpof Linde cycle.

(b) Explain in detail about shift converters in steam reforming process. [8+8]

3. Explain the production of sulphur by elemental sulfur mining. [16]

4. Describe the production of any magnesium compound with a neat flow diagram.[16]

5. Discuss the production of vinyl chloride by oxychlorination method, giving theadvantages of this method over other methods. [16]

6. (a) Discuss about the chemical composition of oils and fats.

(b) Discuss the hydrogenation of oils briefly. [8+8]

7. Describe in detail the continuous hydrolysis and saponification process for the soapmanufacture with block diagram. [16]

8. Discuss the following:

(a) Solvent pulping

(b) Recycling paper

(c) Rag pulp

(d) Cotton as a raw material for pulping. [4+4+4+4]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering andInstrumentation & Control Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Explain the functionality of block diagram of electrical communication system.

(b) The carrier performs certain functions in radio communications. What arethey? [8+8]

2. An amplitude-modulated voltage is given by v = 50(1 + 0.2cos 100t + 0.01 cos3500t) cos 106 t. State all frequency components ( in Hz) present in the voltage,and find the modulation index for each modulating voltage term. What is theeffective modulation index of v? [16]

3. N-voice channels, each of bandwidth fm are multiplexed using SSB and then trans-mitted by FM:

(a) without emphasis circuits:

(b) with emphasis circuits(equivalent to PM). The transfer function a pre-emphasisis

∣

∣Hp(ω)2∣

∣=ω2Γ2 where, Γ is the circuit constant. Show that for N th chan-nel, the noise power N0 at the output in case (i) is three times that of case(ii). [16]

4. Give the importance of sampling theorem in communication. [16]

5. (a) Discuss the performance of adaptive delta modulation compared to that ofPCM.

(b) Discuss the limitations of delta-modulation due to fixed step size. [10+6]

6. (a) Discus the advantages of DPSK and QPSK . How are they generated?

(b) Explain the principle of DPSK demodulator. [8+8]

7. (a) Define information, entropy, channel capacity and data Rate.

(b) Derive the expression for the channel capacity of a binary symmetric channel.[8+8]

8. (a) What do you understand by error control coding? Explain the various methodsbriefly.

(b) What are cyclic codes? Explain the algebraic structure of cyclic codes. [8+8]

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1. Power spectral density function S(ω) and autocorrelation function of a power signalare Fourier transform pair. R(Γ)↔ S(ω). [16]

2. Define amplitude modulation. The rms value of a radio frequency voltage is 200volts before modulation. When it is modulated by a sinusoidal audio frequencyvoltage, its rms voltage becomes 242 volts. Calculate the modulation index. [16]

3. Show that the first order PLL a negative slope θ(t) causes unstable operating point.[16]

4. Give the importance of sampling theorem in communication. [16]

5. (a) Explain the working of Adaptive delta modulation system with neat blockdiagram.

(b) Clearly bring out the difference between granular noise and slope over loaderror. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail the power spectra and bandwidth efficiency of m-ary FSKsignals.

(b) Find the output of the matched filter and determine the maximum value of(S/N)0 if the input s(t) is a rectangular pulse of amplitude A and durationT. [8+8]

7. (a) If a DMS X has five equally likely symbols, Construct a Shannon-Fano codefor X, and calculate the efficiency of the code.

(b) Construct another Shannon-Fano code and compare the results. [7+9]

8. (a) Explain the use of G matrix and H matrix in error control coding.

(b) Define

i. Hamming weight

ii. Hamming distance

iii. Minimum Hamming distance. [10+6]

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1. (a) Show that the convolution of a function f(t) with a unit impulse functionresults the function it self.

(b) Sketches the magnitude and phase spectrums of x(t) = A ga(t/T). [8+8]

2. Explain about the modulation and its necessity in communications? [16]

3. Give the different types of FM demodulators and explain the principle of operationof each one with circuits. [16]

4. A function f(t) = sinωct is sampled at Nyquist rate. If the sampling starts from azero crossing; can we recover f(t) from its samples? [16]

5. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of DM and PCM.

(b) Describe the techniques used for parallel transmission and serial transmission.[8+8]

6. (a) Differentiate BPSK & QPSK

(b) Define

i. Baud Rate

ii. Matched Filter

iii. Band width efficiency.

iv. SNR. [8+8]

7. (a) Define information, entropy, channel capacity and data Rate.

(b) Derive the expression for the channel capacity of a binary symmetric channel.[8+8]

8. The generator matrix for a (6, 3) block code is given below:

G =

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

1 0 0 0 1 10 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 1 0

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

Find all code words, weights of the code words and the minimum distance of thecode. [16]

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1. (a) Find the Fourier Transform of Trapezoidal function x(t).

(b) Find the Energy of the signal X(t) = 2AωSinc(2ωt). [8+8]

2. Explain about the modulation and its necessity in communications? [16]

3. State explain the two limitations of a balanced-slope detector. [16]

4. Explain Flat-top sampling with circuit. [16]

5. With reference to PCM system, explain the following:

(a) Quantization error

(b) companding

(c) encoder

(d) decoder. [16]

6. Draw the block diagram of DPSK transmitter and receiver and explain the opera-tion. [16]

7. (a) What is the significance of coding? Explain the principles of any one type ofsource code.

(b) Derive expression for channel capacity for infinite bandwidth.

(c) A source is delivering 3 messages with probabilities 1/2, 1/4, 1/4 What isthe entropy of second order source. [6+6+4]

8. Construct a code tree for the following encoder and explain the sequential decodingmethod. Shown in figure 8 [16]

Figure 8

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Bio-Medical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Given the following system in figure 1. Find the transfer function (C/R). [16]

Figure 1

2. A unity feed back control system has open loop transfer function4×104

S(S+48.5)

Obtain the step response time at which the maximum overshoot occurs, and eval-uate error constants for unit, ramp and parabolic-inputs. [16]

3. Discuss the response terms contributed by all possible types of roots with neatsketch of roots in S-plane and its corresponding impulse response. [16]

4. Describe the essential physiological pathways by which the retinal illumination isfedback to control the pupil diameter with a relevant sketch. [16]

5. (a) What are the Muscle analogs available? Correlate them with natural muscle.

(b) Explain Muscle Load Dynamics of Skeletal Muscle Servomechanism. [8+8]

6. Explain the Respiratory Control System with a neat information flow-diagram?[16]

7. Explain clearly about excretion control? [16]

8. (a) What is a Biological Receptor?

(b) What are the various Biological Receptors?

(c) Explain briefly about stimulation mechanism and adaptation? [2+4+10]

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1. For the block diagram given figure 1. Find C(S)/R(S). [16]

Figure 1

2. Consider the unit step response of a unity-feedback control system, whose open-loop transfer function isG(S) = 1

S(S+1)

Obtain the rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and settling time. [16]

3. Draw the Bode plots of the unity feedback control sytemG(S) = 100

S(1+S)(1+ S

80)

[16]

4. Discuss the concept of Bio feedback in detail. [16]

5. Develop a standard form of second order system for a free swinging human limb.[16]

6. Explain how Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors are helpful in Cardiovascular sys-tem? [16]

7. Explain in detail about sugar level control mechanism? [16]

8. Explain a Biological Control system in which receptor exhibits bidirectional? [16]

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1. (a) Find the outputs of the system whose signal flow graph is given as shown infigure 1a.

Figure 1a

(b) Find the output c(s) of the system whose block diagram representation is givenas shown in figure 1. [8+8]

Figure 1

2. Find the impulse response of an under damped second order system. [16]

3. Determine the range of ‘K’ for stability of the following system, shown in figure 3.[16]

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Figure 3

4. Draw the block diagram of the oculomotor control system and explain the variablesinvolved and their functions. [16]

5. (a) What is Servomechanism?

(b) With a neat schematic diagram explain the skeletal muscle Servomechanism.[2+14]

6. Explain the Cardiovascular control system? [16]





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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Find the outputs of the system whose signal flow graph is given as shown infigure 1a.

Figure 1a

(b) Find the output c(s) of the system whose block diagram representation is givenas shown in figure 1. [8+8]

Figure 1

2. Consider the unit step response of a unity-feedback control system, whose open-loop transfer function isG(S) = 1

S(S+1)

Obtain the rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and settling time. [16]

3. Determine the range of ‘K’ for stability of the following system, shown in figure 3.[16]

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Figure 3

4. Explain the pupil control system, giving its flow diagram. [16]

5. (a) What is Servomechanism?

(b) With a neat schematic diagram explain the skeletal muscle Servomechanism.[2+14]

6. Explain the Respiratory Control System with a neat information flow-diagram?[16]





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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010E-COMMERCE

(Information Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. What is e-commerce? State how e-commerce differ from traditional commerce.[16]

2. What are the problems for growth of B2C e-commerce in our country? [16]

3. What is electronic cash? Explain its properties and advantages. [16]

4. Explain the costs and benefits of EDI? [16]

5. What are the macro forces influence internal commerce? Suggest remedial measuresto overcome the barriers. [16]

6. What is pull technology? Why is it called a passive strategy? [16]

7. How on-line database is important for individual and organizational decision mak-ing? [16]

8. Explain the process of Web design, Game design and print design by a multi mediacompany. [16]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Describe the growth of e-commerce since start of commercial activities on the In-ternet. [16]

2. How can existing business take advantage of B2C e-commerce? [16]


4. Distinguish between EFT and ACH Transfers. [16]

5. What is intra organisational commerce? Explain the procedure to construct aneffective intra organisational commerce. [16]

6. What are the advantages and limitations of internet advertisement as compared totraditional media. [16]

7. What are the different types of information processing demands on consumers dueto information change imposed by electronic markets? [16]

8. Explain various applications of digital video in electronic commerce. What are thecharacteristics of digital video? [16]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Explain the four major functions of e-commerce. How do they contribute to aneconomy? [16]

2. What do you understand by Television based shopping? Explain its advantages.[16]


4. What are the applications of EDI? Mention their advantages and disadvantages.[16]

5. What are the limitations of intra organisational commerce in workflow and cus-tomization? Suggest alternative ways to overcome the limitations. [16]

6. What are the advantages and limitations of internet advertisement as compared totraditional media. [16]

7. What are the challenges for information search? How business houses finds con-sumer information [16]

8. Explain various types of Codecs. In this context explain various moving picturesexperts group (MPEG). How MPEG different from JPEG [16]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. What is e-commerce? State how e-commerce differ from traditional commerce.[16]

2. What is e-retailing? Explain its advantages to consumer and business. [16]

3. Discuss the issues involved in international and cross border electronic paymentsystems. [16]

4. “EDI has replaced large amount of paper transactions”. Elaborate. [16]

5. What is workflow co-ordination? Describe work-flow co-ordination in intra organi-zational commerce. [16]

6. How can push and pull advertisement work together? Describe the process with asuitable example. [16]

7. What do you mean by decentralized maintenance? How x.500 serves this purpose.[16]

8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Desktop video conferencing? [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS

(Electronics & Computer Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Design a Soda Machine controller given that a soda costs 75 cents and your machineaccepts quarters only. Draw a black - box view, come up with a state diagram andstate table, minimize the logic and then draw the final circuit. [16 ]

2. (a) Draw and explain neatly the difference between Princeton and Harvard mem-ory architectures?

(b) Explain about PC parallel port signals and associated registers? [8+8]

3. (a) Explain about Concurrent Process Model.

(b) Explain briefly about embedded system example for Heartbeat MonitoringSystem. [8+8]

4. (a) What is the need for communication interfaces in Embedded System?

(b) Explain about RS232 Communication Parameters. [8+8]

5. What are the Kernal services in any operating system. Briefly explain any threesuch services. [16]

6. With suitable examples explain how to

(a) Send a signal to another Task

(b) Block a signal from being delivered.

(c) Unblock a blocked signal. [5+5+6]

7. (a) Explain various types of embedded operating systems and their differences.

(b) Explain the commonalities of the embedded systems. [8+8]

8. (a) Draw the action plan for designing a pure embedded system in its developmentprocess.

(b) Explain the action plan for designing an RTOS based embedded system in itsdevelopment Process. [8+8]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. What are the various hardware functional blocks required to build a typical Em-bedded System? Briefly explain their features and usage? [16]

2. Write a note on the following:

(a) Instruction Set

(b) Addressing Modes

(c) Fetch

(d) Cache. [4+4+4+4]

3. (a) Explain using State Machines in Embedded Systems.

(b) Explain about Finite - State Machine with Datapath model. [8+8]

4. (a) What are Bluetooth devices? Explain how they can be used to setup PersonnelArea Networks ?

(b) Where is IEEE 1394 interface used? Explain the protocol architecture of IEEE1394? Differentiate between IEEE 1394A and IEEE 1394B. [6+10]

5. (a) With suitable examples explain how do you Create and Delete a Semaphore

(b) With suitable examples explain how to

i. Create a Task

ii. Suspend a Task. [8+8]

6. With suitable examples explain how to

(a) Flush a queue

(b) Post a message in front of Queue.

(c) Broadcast a queue. [5+6+5]

7. Taking suitable examples explain how to:

(a) Create a Memory block

(b) Get data from memory

(c) Post data in the memory. [5+5+6]

8. List Major design steps for building the digital camera example assuming

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(a) A Water-fall process model

(b) A Spiral-Like Y-chart process model [8+8]

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1. (a) What is difference between a synchronous and asynchronous circuit?

(b) Distinguish between a combinational circuit and a sequential circuit. [8+8]

2. Write notes on the following :

(a) Address Space

(b) Register in-direct addressing

(c) System Bus

(d) Internal Bus

(e) Nonpipelined dish cleaning

(f) Decode Instruction

(g) Mnemonics

(h) Superscalar. [2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2]

3. Explain different models that are commonly used for describing Embedded Systems.[16]

4. (a) Explain about Ethernet and its signals.

(b) Explain about the infrared communication. [8+8]

5. What are the Kernal services in any operating system. Briefly explain any threesuch services. [16]

6. With suitable examples explain how to:

(a) Query a Mailbox

(b) Post a message in a Mailbox

(c) Read message from a Mailbox. [5+6+5]

7. List the various commercially available embedded operating systems and Explaintheir features. [16]

8. (a) Draw and explain Design cycles in the development phase for an embeddedsystem

(b) Describe complete specifications and system requirements of an embeddedsystem. [10+6]

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1. (a) What is the function of clock in processor?

(b) Explain about various ROM and RAM memories. [4+12]

2. (a) Explain briefly how to test and debug an Embedded System.

(b) Compare two different vendor microprocessors of your choice and explain allaspects related to them with neat diagram? [8+8]

3. (a) Compare State Machine and Sequential Program Models.

(b) Give pseudo-code for a pair of functions implementing the send and receivecommunications constructs. You may assume that mutex and condition vari-ables are provided. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the features of USB.

(b) Give a note on Infrared communication. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain about context switching with examples.

(b) Explain about the following scheduling algorithms

i. Round -Robin

ii. Non primitive multitasking. [8+8]

6. With suitable examples explain how to:

(a) Query a Mailbox

(b) Post a message in a Mailbox

(c) Read message from a Mailbox. [5+6+5]

7. (a) Discuss the important requirements of a mobile - Operating System.

(b) Discuss the salient features of handheld - Operating System. [8+8]

8. List and describe three general approaches to improve designer productivity. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010FLIGHT MECHANICS-II(Aeronautical Engineering)



1. Discuss, in the case of rockets,

(a) Wing control,

(b) Canard control and

(c) Tail control . [4+6+6]

2. A rectangular solid of density ρ has a length Lx in the X b - direction, length L y

in the Y b - direction and length L z in the Zb- direction. Obtain an expression forthe inertia tensor for this object. Use a body fixed coordinate system aligned withthe primary axes of body. [16]

3. Explain comprehensively the concept and use of derivatives in determining aircraftstability, after explaining a systematic method for expressing aerodynamic forces,moments and derivatives in dimensionless form. [16]

4. (a) Write about the control fixed static stability.

(b) Explain elevator angle to trim. Also explain about the stability margins withfigures.

[8+8]

5. Using proper sketches, explain stick free longitudinal stability of an airplane. [16]

6. (a) Derive an expression for the rate of turn of an aircraft in a horizontal turn interms of the speed of flight V and normal load factor n.

(b) Show that in a steady turn at radius R, the normal load factor of an aircraftn < [( V2 / Rg ) + ( Rg / 2 V2 )] , where V is the forward velocity, and g isacceleration due to gravity. [8+8]

7. Prove using sketches and plots that the wing sweep back (+ Λ) produces positivedihedral effect, i.e., ( negative Clβ ) [16]

8. Derive the characteristic equation of an airplane for the case of controls locked atnew angular positions. Draw the response of the vehicle for different values of Cmα.Consider the lateral motion of the airplane. [16]

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1. (a) What are static stability and dynamic stability?

(b) With respect to an aero plane, explain the

i. Longitudinal stability

ii. Lateral stability

iii. Directional stability and

iv. Control. [8+2+2+2+2]

2. A rectangular solid of density ρ has a length Lx in the X b - direction, length L y

in the Y b - direction and length L z in the Zb- direction. Obtain an expression forthe inertia tensor for this object. Use a body fixed coordinate system aligned withthe primary axes of body. [16]

3. Explain why the canard control is chosen for an aircraft and how the stabilitymargins are calculated in this case. [16]

4. (a) Explain about the contributions to the moment about the center of gravity ofan airplane with a sketch?

(b) Show that Cm, c.g. = Mc.g. / q∞ S c [8+8]

5. Derive the free elevator factor in an elevator - stabilizer configuration of an airplane.[16]

6. (a) Derive an expression for the normal load factor of an airplane in a steadyconstant speed, constant angular rate pull - up maneuver in a vertical loopwhen the airplane is at a flight path angle γ in the loop.

(b) An airplane of mass 1.5 tonnes, flying at 250 kmph pulls up in a verticalcircular loop of radius 1.2 km. What is the lift required for this maneuver ofthe airplane while at a flight path angle γ = 60 degrees to the horizontal?

[8+8]

7. Define the term Rudder lock and using a graph of rudder deflection angle versusyaw angle of an airplane, explain Rudder lock. [16]

8. Explain pure convergence and pure divergence and damped and negatively dampedoscillations in the case of an airplane. [16]

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1. How can we state that a body is dynamically stable, if, on its own accord, iteventually returns to and remains at its equilibrium position over a period of time?

[16]

2. The aerodynamic forces and moments on the body are due to only two basic sourcesas given below. Explain them with sketches

(a) Pressure distribution over the body surface

(b) Shear stress distribution over the body surface. [8+8]

3. The estimation of a flight vehicle’s stability and control characteristics is commonlyperformed via two sets of parameters. What are they? Explain. [16]

4. What are the two necessary criteria for longitudinal balance and static stability?Explain with neat sketches. [16]

5. Using proper sketches, explain stick free longitudinal stability of an airplane. [16]

6. Draw typical variation of (d δe / d n ) versus centre of gravity position as a percent of mean aerodynamic chord. Explain the variations. [16]

7. If the rudder angle δr required to produce the sideslip angle ψ is given byδr = ( d δr / d ψ )ψ, derive the following equation for the expression forthe rate of change of pedal force with the side slip angle,d PF / d ψ = [ - G q Sr cr ηv C h, δr / C n, δr ] (C n, ψ ) Free [16]

8. Derive the equations of motion of an airplane constrained to the plane of sym-metry at constant speed and also derive the characteristic equation of an airplanedynamics. Discuss the solutions. [16]

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1. (a) Explain the following terms with examples

i. Stability

ii. Equilibrium.

(b) Comment upon the requirements of stability of a

i. Military fighter aircraft

ii. Commercial passenger airplane. [4+4+4+4]

2. The aerodynamic forces and moments on the body are due to only two basic sourcesas given below. Explain them with sketches

(a) Pressure distribution over the body surface

(b) Shear stress distribution over the body surface. [8+8]

3. (a) The use of stability derivatives is most conveniently demonstrated with missileor rocket configurations. Why? Give the explanation.

(b) Show that dβ / dt = (Y β/ m U) β - rdr/dt=(Nβ/ C) β+ (Nr/C) r [8+8]

4. Explain the effect of tab on the pressure distribution of an elevator, when it is aleading tab and when it is a lagging tab. [16]

5. Derive the expression for the stick free neutral point in the case of an elevator ofan airplane. [16]

6. (a) Derive an expression for the rate of turn of an aircraft in a horizontal turn interms of the speed of flight V and normal load factor n.

(b) Show that in a steady turn at radius R, the normal load factor of an aircraftn < [( V2 / Rg ) + ( Rg / 2 V2 )] , where V is the forward velocity, and g isacceleration due to gravity. [8+8]

7. If the rudder angle δr required to produce the sideslip angle ψ is given byδr = ( d δr / d ψ )ψ, derive the following equation for the expression forthe rate of change of pedal force with the side slip angle,d PF / d ψ = [ - G q Sr cr ηv C h, δr / C n, δr ] (C n, ψ ) Free [16]

8. Explain the causes and describe the significance of the stability derivativesC y, β, C n, β C l, β, C l, p and C n, δr. Use sketches. [16]

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Code No: V3259/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010

BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - II

(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic fermentations and describe them

briefly. [16 M]

2. Explain in detail transient behaviour of the recycle bioreactor dynamics

using mathematical model? [16 M]

3. What are the ideal flow conditions in a bioreactor? Explain them in

detail.[16 M]

4. a) Define E and F curves and derive the relation between C, E and F. [8 M

b) Fluid flow at a steady rate through 10tanks in series. A pulse of traces is

introduced in to the first tank, the time this tracer leaves the system is

measured giving

Maximum concentration = 100 millimol/ liter

Tracer spread = 1min [8 M]

5. a) Why would fermentations for the production of the following be

performed in fed batch manner? [8 M]

b) Explain in detail about yield coefficeint and antibiotics production [8 M]

6. Under the influence of oxidizing agents, hypophosphorous acid is

transformed in to phosphorous acid:

H3PO2 Oxidising agent H3PO3

The kinetics of this transformation present the following features. At low

concentration of oxidizing agent

r H3PO3 = k (oxidizing agent ) (H3PO2)

At high concentration of oxidizing agent

r H3PO3 = k’(H+ ) (H3PO2)

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To explain the observed kinetics, it has been postulated that with hydrogen

ion as catalyst normal unreactive H3PO2 is transformed in to an active form,

the nature of which is unknown. This intermediate then reacts with the

oxidizing agent to give H3PO3. Show that this scheme does explain the

observed kinetics. [16 M]

7. If the data given in below table were to represent the data in a CSTR for

different space times, fine the space time for the concentration to reach 12kg

mol/m3. Find the volume of the reactor for the volumetric flow rate of 5.5 x

10 -3 m3/h. [16 M]

Concentration versus rate of consumption of glucose is as follows:

Concentration

(kg mol/ m3)

68 54.6 33.0 20.0 12.2 7.4 4.5 2.7

Rate of

reaction (kg

mol/ m3 /h)

2.82 4.71 4.31 3.74 3.16 2.46 1.91 1.4

8. a) What are the various criteria for the selection of bioreactors? [8 M]

b) What are the various methods of aeration used in microbial fermentation

and animal cell culture? Explain in detail. [8 M]

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Code No: V3259/R07



(Biotechnology)




*****

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using off – centre impellers

over baffles for creating for balance in detail. Explain. [16 M]

2. Describe some characteristic features of a fermenter which are needed to be

considered while designing a fermenter? [16 M]

3. The primary reaction occurring in the homogeneous decomposition of

nitrous oxide is found to be

N2O ------- N2 + ½ O2

With rate

-r N2O = k1 [N2O]2/ 1+ k2[N2O]

Device a mechanism to explain this observed rate. [16 M]

4. A homogeneous gas reaction A -- 3R has a reported rate at 215 0c

-rA = 10 -2 CA1/2

, (mol/liter.sec)

Find the space time needed for 80% conversion of a 50% A – 50% inert feed

to a plug flow reactor operating at 215 0 c and 5 atm (CAO = 0.0625 mol / liter)

[16 M]

5. a) Define E and F curves and derive the relation between C, E and F. [8 M]

b) A “closed” vessel has flow for which D/uL = 0.2. We wish to represent

this vessel by the tanks in series model. What value of N should we select?

[8 M]

6. a) Distinguish between solidstate fermentation and submerged fermentation

in detail [8 M]

b) Mention the characteristics of ideal bioreactor [8 M]

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7. Explain in detail the recycle bioreactor dynamics using mathematical model?

[16 M]

8. a) Describe the various criteria for the scale up of bioreactors? [8 M]

b) write a short note on air lift bioreactor with schematic diagram? [8 M]

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Code No: V3259/R07



(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Explain the Langmuir and Line Weaver burk plots? How can it be used to

calculate Michelis- Menten constants? [16 M]

2. At 500k the rate of a biomolecular reaction is ten times the rate at 400k. Find

the activation energy of this reaction:

a. From Arrhenius’ law [6+6+4 M]

b. From Collision theory

c. What is the percentage difference in the rate of reaction at 600k

predicted by these two methods?

3. At present 90% of reactant A is converted into product by a second order

reaction in a single mixed flow reactor. We plan to place a second reactor

similar to the one being used in series with it.

a. For the same treatment rate as that used at present, how will this

addition affect the conversion of reactant?

[8 M]

b. For the same 90% conversion, by how much can the treatment rate be

increased? [8 M]

4. From a pulse input into a vessel the following output signal is obtained.

[16 M]

Time, minutes 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

Concentrations

(arbitrary)

0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0

5. How do you control the cascade bioreactors? Explain in detail using

mathematical model.[16 M]

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6. a) What are the advantages of Fed batch systems in bioprocessing? [8 M]

b) List the critical and non- critical process parameters which need to be

controlled in a bioreactor? [8 M]

7. Describe how you estimate the conversions in a bioreactor with non - ideal

flow behavior using dispersion model [16 M]


b) Write a short note application of animal cell cultures? [8 M]

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Code No: V3259/R07



(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Explain the Langmuir and Line Weaver burk plots? How can it be used to

calculate Michelis- Menten constants? [16 M]

2. Glucose is converted to alcohol in a CSTR (0.1 m3 capacity) which is having

an effective heat transfer area of 1m2. The conversion process can be

considered to be an overall first orded reaction with the rate constant k1 =

0.4h-1

. The reaction of sugar is 0.11kg mol / m3. The dilution rates of

substrates vary between 0.2 to 1.0h-1

. Find the heat released (Q R) for each

dilution rate. Is QR varying considerably in each case? If so, how much is the

percentage variation. If the feed is entering at the reaction temperature (T)

and the fermentor is having a very low heat transfer coefficient of 13 W/ (m2

0c) and the cooling water temperature (Tc) is 25

0 c, find the reaction

temperature. [16 M]

3. A specially designed vessel is to be used as a reactor for a first- order liquid

reaction. Since flow in this vessel is suspected to be nonideal, tracer tests are

conducted and the following concentration readings represent the response at

the vessel outlet to a delta- function tracer input to the vessel inlet. What

conversion can we expect in this reactor if conversion in a mixed reactor

employing the same space time is 82.18%. [16 M]

Time t, sec 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Tracer

Concentration

(abbitrary

reading)

0 3 5 5 4 2 1 0

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4. Explain in detail the recycle bioreactor dynamics using mathematical model?

[16 M]

5. 5.How do you control the cascade bioreactors? Explain in detail using

mathematical model.

[16 M]

6. Describe the thermal stability criterion for an adiabatic reaction system in a

CSTR.[16 M]

7. Describe how do you estimate the conversions in a bioreactor with non -

ideal flow behaviour using dispersion model [16 M]


b) Write a short note on air lift bioreactor with schematic diagram? [8 M]

III II Regular April 2010 Tssn

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