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IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineer ing, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

Mar 31, 2015

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Page 1: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND

EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK

CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPECONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE

Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung

Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,

National Taiwan University,

Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Page 2: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

OBJECTIVES

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

CONCLUSIONS

Page 3: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

To design and construct a feedback controlled directional cryomicroscope system.

To determine the IIF characteristics of oyster embryos and eggs at subfreezing temperatures.

To compare and analyze the IIF characteristics of oyster embryos and eggs with a stochastic model.

Page 4: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

THE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PREPARATION OF OYSTER EGGS AND EMBRYOS EXPERIMENTS

TESTS ON THE CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

OBSERVATION OF IIF PROCESS DURING FREEZING

Page 5: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

THE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PREPARATION OF OYSTER EGGS AND EMBRYOS EXPERIMENTS

TESTS ON THE CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

OBSERVATION OF IIF PROCESS DURING FREEZING

Page 6: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

THE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PREPARATION OF OYSTER EGGS AND EMBRYOS EXPERIMENTS

TESTS ON THE CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

OBSERVATION OF IIF PROCESS DURING FREEZING

Page 7: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

THE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE SYSTEM PREPARATION OF OYSTER EGGS AND EMBRYOS EXPERIMENTS

TEST ON CRYOMICROSCOPE PERFORMANCE OBSERVATION OF IIF PROCESS DURING FREEZING

MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

Page 8: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

RESULTSRESULTS

TIME AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF IIF THE STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR IIF PHENOMENON SIMULATION AND ANALYSES

Page 9: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

OC BELOW FREEZING

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

EGGS

EMBRYOS

Comparison on the probability of IIF for oyster eggs and embryos at subfreezing temperatures

Page 10: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

oC BELOW FREEZING

16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

TOTAL IIF

INSTANTANEOUS IIF

TIME-DEPENDENT IIF

Simulation on the relative probability of instantaneous IIF and time-dependent IIF mechanisms for oyster embryos.

Page 11: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

oC BELOW FREEZING

18 20 22 24 26 28 30

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

TOTAL IIF

INSTANTANEOUS IIF

TIME-DEPENDENT IIF

Simulation on the relative probability of instantaneous IIF and time-dependent IIF mechanisms for oyster eggs.

Page 12: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (MIN)

0 1 2 3 4

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

o C)

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

-30oC

-20oC

-10oC

Test on the isothermal temperature control of the directional cryomicroscope.

Page 13: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (MIN)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

o C)

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

-40oC/min

-20oC/min

-10oC/min

Set point temperature and the experimental temperature measured with the thermocouple under linear cooling rate controlled protocol.

Page 14: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

Comparison on the IIF experimental results of oyster embryos and the fitted curves of the modified stochastic model

TIME (min)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-25oC-30oC

-23oC

-22oC

-15oC

Page 15: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

Comparison on the IIF experimental results of oyster eggs and the fitted curves of the modified stochastic model

TIME (min)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-22oC

-25oC-30oC

Page 16: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (min)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-25oC-30oC

-23oC

-22oC

-15oC

Comparison on the IIF experimental results of oyster embryos and the fitted curves of the stochastic model

Page 17: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (min)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-22oC

-25oC-30oC

Comparison on the IIF experimental results of oyster eggs and the fitted curves of the stochastic model

Page 18: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (MIN)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-22oC

-25oC-30oC

Time and temperature dependence of IIF process for oyster eggs.

Page 19: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

TIME (MIN)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F II

F (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-20oC

-24oC

-25oC-30oC

-23oC

-22oC

-15oC

Time and temperature dependence of IIF process for oyster embryos.

Page 20: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

THE STOCHASTIC MODEL

P{ IIF } = { 1 - exp[ - ( T / T0 )] }

+ { 1 - [1 - exp( -(T / T0))]}‧[1 - exp(-t / t0)]

= 1 - exp [ - ( T / T0 )- (t / t0)]

1 / t0 = (T) = ( T / t0 )

(Pitt et al., 1991) INSTANTANEOUS IIFTIME-DEPENDENT IIF

Page 21: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

(Modified model)

P{ IIF } = { 1 - exp[ - ( T / T0 )] }

+ { exp[ - ( T / Ta )] - exp[ - ( T / T0 )

] }

‧[ 1 - exp( -t / t0 ) ]

1 / t0 = (T) = ( T / t0 )

THE STOCHASTIC MODEL

Page 22: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

THE DETERMINED KINETIC PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS OYSTEREMBRYOS

OYSTEREGGS

DROSOPHILA

EMBRYOS*

T0 24.4C 37.2C 20.4 4.20 3.20 2.94

0 25.6 25.0 65.5 3.24 8.67 2.59

*IN BD.20 SOLUTION (Pitt et al., 1991)

Page 23: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

THE DETERMINED KINETIC PARAMETERS

(Modified model)

PARAMETERS OYSTEREMBRYOS

OYSTEREGGS

T0 24.4C 37.2C 4.20 3.20

0 16.0 25.3 1.04 4.93Ta 19.9C 20.8C 7.10 15.8

Page 24: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

THANK YOU

謝 謝

Page 25: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

Driven bystepping motor

Fixed horizontally Samples

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE

Page 26: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

An integrated, feedback controlled directional cryomicroscope system was developed.

IIF temperatures of oyster eggs and embryos were determined using the cryomicroscope system. The IIF process of oyster embryos and eggs was found to be both time and temperature dependent.

The median IIF temperature of embryos and eggs were determined to be -22.5C and -21.0C, respectively. The transition temperature zone of IIF appeared to be broader for embryos than that of eggs.

The IIF data were further analyzed with a stochastic model and the kinetic parameters were determined.

Page 27: IIF CHARACTERISTICS OF OYSTER EMBRYOS AND EGGS DETERMINED BY A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL CRYOMICROSCOPE Ta-Te Lin, Ken Lung Department of Agricultural.

LN2

STEPPINGMOTOR

HEAT SINK HEAT SOURCE

GLASS SLIDE

COLD STAGE BASE

LIMITSWITCH

COLD STAGE

SIGNALPROCESSOR

DRIVER

WORM GEAR

TEMPERATURESIGNAL

TEMPERATURESIGNAL

HEAT SINKCONTROLLER

HEAT SOURCECONTROLLER

RS232

HEATING CURRENT

HEATING CURRENT