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Data Processing
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DefinitionData - collection of numbers, characters or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possibly action at a later point in time.
Database organized collection of related data.*The possibility of finding info in the database depends on: How the data are named and organizedThe size and complexity of the databaseThe type of data within the databaseThe methodology or tools used to search the database
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Types of DataComputer-Based Data TypesAlphanumeric data which includes letters and numbers in any combination. This is used to build the physical database within the computer system.E.g., social security number, date and time, patient ID number
Conceptual Data TypesReflect how users view the data. Data are classified in terms of how these data will be used by the user.Source of Data: Image data produced by the x-ray department Event: assessment data, intervention data, outcome data
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Database Management SystemsComputer programs used to input, store, modify, process and access data in a database.
Three Interacting Parts:DataDBMS configured software programQuery language
Manual Database Mgt SystemIndex and query language are usually in the users mind, therefore there might be problems storing and finding data
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Automated Database Mgt SystemsAdvantages:
Decrease data redundancy*Increase data consistencyImprove access to all data
*Data Redundancy occurs when same data are stored in the database more than once.
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Fields, Records and Files
Field AttributeField NameFieldRecordPrimary IdentifierFileDatabase collection of files
Patient IDLAST NAMEFIRST NAMEMIDDLE NAME0001RIZALJOSEPHPACQUIAO0002BONIFACIOANDREWMAYWEATHER0003MABINIAPOLLOCLOTTEY0004SILANGGEORGECOTTO0005AQUINOMELMARQUEZ
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Types of FilesProcessing files tells the computer on how data are to be processed.
Executable files consists of a computer program or set of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to open or start a specific computer program or function. It ends with the extension .EXE
Command Files - set of instructions that perform a set of functions as opposed to running a whole program. E.g., Batch Files (.BAT) that contain a set of operating system commads.
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Types of FilesData files contain data that have been captured and stored on a computer using a software program.
Examples:
files with the extension of .DOCFiles with the extension of .PDF
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Database ModelsConceptual ModelIncludes a diagram and narrative description of the data elements, their attributes, and the relationship between the data.
It defines the structure of the whole database in terms of the attributes of the data elements, relationships, constraints and operation.
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Conceptual ModelOne-to-One Relationship
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Conceptual ModelOne-to-Many Relationship
Medication OrderMedication Admin
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Conceptual ModelOne-to-Many Relationship
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsIncludes each of the data elements and the relationship between the data elements, as they will be physically stored on the computer.
Four Primary Approaches :
HierarchicalNetworkRelationalObject-Oriented
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsHierarchical
Effective at representing one-to-many relationships.
Disadvantages : Many data relationships do not fit the one-to-may models; if data relationships change, this can require significant redesign of the database due to the presence of multiple links.
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsHierarchical
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsNetwork ModelDeveloped from hierarchical models.
The child node is not limited to one parent node.
Advantage: supports many-to-many relationships
Disadvantage: if data relationships change, this can require significant redesign of the database due to the presence of multiple links.
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsRelational Database Models
Consists of a series of files set up as tables.
Disadvantage: since datum needs to be broken down into its smaller format, the relationships represented are linear an only relate one data elements to another.
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsRelational Database Models
Patient IDLAST NAMEFIRST NAMEMIDDLE NAME0001RIZALJOSEPHPACQUIAO0002BONIFACIOANDREWMAYWEATHER0003MABINIAPOLLOCLOTTEY
Patient IDDiagnosis 1Diagnosis 2Diagnosis 30001MICVAPVD0002CVAHepatitis CUTI0003DMAnginaCVA
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Structural or Physical Data ModelsObject-Oriented Models
Handles binary large objects such as images, sounds, spreadsheets or text messages.
The entity as well as attributes of the entity are stored with the object.
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