Ih54 industrial patrimony networks 21sept12 , Council of Europe Cultural Commission, Maribor

Maribor, 21 september 2012, Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe Sub-committee on Culture, Diversity and Heritage (AS/Cult/CDH)

Industrial Heritage in the context of the other cultural heritages

prof. arch. Francesco Calzolaio member Europa Nostra’s Industrial and Engineering Heritage Committee

[email protected]

The Industrial Heritage (IH) is, globally, the cradle of the identity of Europe, being the first industrialized world, but is also, locally, the main provider of sense of identity of many territories. The success and potentiality of the industrial heritage enhancement depends by the interaction with other industrial heritages, and with other cultural resources. In this sense the IH might be the catalizator for the whole cultural patrimony in its territory, it might weaves a network with: 1. the context of the urban landscape 2. the sense of social citizenship 3. the territorial cultural networks 4. the geographical interregional unities

1. Industrial Heritage and the urban landscapeWe have to misure the urban impact of the Industrial Heritage, evaluating if it's isolated in the outskirts-mountains-shores or, on the contrary, it's absorbed in the urban historic tissue; its depends if they are gigantic in a little town, or miniature in a metropolis, or nodes in a dispersed network; and it depends by the interaction between the cluster of industrial activities/patrimonies generated by the prevalent.

We might analize industrial heritages linked with the peculiar complement of the landscape, as the water and the (under)ground for Arsenals (productive waterfronts) and Mines; both are also interviewing with the structure of the urban and territorial historic stratifications.The most ancient proto industrial shipyard is the Arsenale of Venice,that since the 12th century was the driving force of an empire, gowing and being trasformed till today, but now disjointed and misused.

Martini, 1897Maffioletti, 1797

On the Thames river mouth (London) the Chatham Dockyard and its Defences has been proposed as a future World Heritage Site because is the world’s most complete example of an historic dockyard from the age of sail and early age of steam (1700 – 1865).A proper rehabilitation strategy is not only wishing to have the Unesco label, but also keep alive the heritage in its unity for the quotidian use; as like as for the near and magnificent Cutty Sark museum.

The Cutty Sark new museum in GreenwichChatam Dry Dock 2 was first built in 1623. HMS Victory was built here in 1765.

On the Danube mouth (Sulina) was built the first pan-European Commission, to protect its territorial and commercial identity. Born in 1856 the European Commission of the Danube which included representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Germany (Prussia), Italy (Sardinia), Russia and Turkey. In Sulina was born and grew for the first time the concept of a united Europe manifested by a profound spirit of tolerance and multiethnic coexistence. It was a commercial and industrial center but yoday is negletted and isolated in a dry branch of Danube.

Sulina, 1820Sulina Danube mouth, 1801

In Turku (Finland) The Aura River City Park preserves the story of the phases of development of the river starting from the mouth of the river Aura (‘a river of work’), continuing as ‘a river of entertainment, rest and recreation’ today. The river hosted the main seat of Turku European Cultural Capital of 2011. Its a challenging example of industrial rehabilitation for new porpouses, respecting the past and envisioning the future.

Manilla rope factory beginning of 1900

Forum Marinum

“Industrial archology between land and water” exhibition at Manilla

2. Territorial cultural identityThe Industrial Heritage might valorize the sense of citizenship built in the past around the labour, as catalizator of social identity. We have to register and measure the immaterial heritage of the workers now, because some of them are still alive, before that it will become too late. We have to build documentary movies and digital archives, but also heritage walks "promenades patrimonial" in the spirit of the Faro Convention, 2005 (Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society).

Heritage walk of Giudecca, Venice 2010

Italy will sign the Convention of Faro next 5 november in Venice, where COE has a new office and where a cultural association (Faro Venice), open the tangible (sites) and intangible (the witnesses) heritages to the perception of citizens with the “heritage walks”, reaching young people and families in an annual event. In this sense we would like to manage a continuous cultural strategy, with the schools, the municipal administration, and also disseminate walks in other Italian regions, with the creation of a national observatory.

Porto Marghera, Ex Montedison now Vega, 2011

Heritage walks in Venice: Giudecca, Molino Stucky now Hotel, 2010

Giudecca Dreher Brewery, now social housing 2011

The Route of soap in Marsiglia connects three soap factories still active, in the 14 and 15 th arrondissements. Tourists and citizens go on foot or metro, passing through industrial, artistic, quotidian life of citizens, history and great scenery. The Route highlights the major freshwater axis, identify the creek Aygalades, the disappearance of the underground gallery of the sea and the intricacies of the channel Marseille and, back to the city, the limit of cropland.Route meanders between porosity and walkways, paths and passages that connect people and their neighborhoods. Route is part of the hospitality offered by the cooperative Hôtel du Nord.

Forum Marinum

3. Cultural territorial networksIndustrial Heritage in the territorial scenario plays a strategic role because was often the main territorial transformation, and because has the potentiality to be re-functionalized as nodes, and headquarter, for the territorial cultural network. Industrial heritage became not only an item, but also a tool, in this sense, for the management plan of the UNESCO-listed territories, whit an holistic conception of the cultural heritage, where will not be privileged a cultural approach, to compete locally with the others.

resources1. environmental heritage2. museum heritage3. productive heritage4. archaeological heritage5. immaterial heritage

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We have to build a cohesion of all the cultural resources of the territory, to compete in the whole “glocal” scenario, as like is doing the Eden network, among the “Europe’s non traditional tourist destinations”. “The Eden project aims to create a platform for exchanging good practices at European level and promoting networking between award-winning destinations, thereby persuading other destinations to adopt sustainable tourism development models”. The best quality is also his limit: Eden, being dedicated only to the “emerging European tourist destinations of excellence, especially the lesser known” can stenghten their territorial strategies, but can't help the “better known” to focus themseves on their territories, and to drive the wider attention to the Eden network.

Bata Canal, Slovako, Czech Rep. Montevecchio mines, Guspini, SardinaIdrija, Goriška Region, Slovenia

The Museum of Science and Technology of Catalonia, mNACTEC has developed a “strategy in which 25 museums and cultural centers revolve around the Catalan industrial heritage together in the Territorial System of mNACTEC. Give new uses for industrial interests distributed throughout the Catalan territory is compatible with the conservation work and new cultural concerns of contemporary society.

The science museum in Terrassa, in the former textile factory, headquartier of the territorial system

The Ruhr region is the new Ruhr Metropolis, where there are now “High-tech instead of blast furnaces, collieries as new venues for cultural events, party district instead of workers’ pub. The monumental structural transformation from an area of steel and coal production to a European metropolis of the 21st century is at full throttle. The 53 Ruhr region cities are working together to implement the transformation - and are pleased about active citizens, immigrants and visitors, who want to be part of the region’s change”.

A necessary evolution of the turistic european strategy, that might be further promoted by the Council of Europe, is the building of a commune cultural framework for the local territorial differences, such as we have done in the prototype of the Culturnet portal, where institutions are presenting their resources, equally distributed in their territories of reference, from the center to the “periphery”. As they are equally distributed among different topics, such as the five key areas of reference: environmental, museums, productive, material and immaterial heritages. Malilla rope factory beginning of 1900

With the directors I edited the guide to museums of material culture, environment and production in the lagoon, from San Dona in Chioggia, from Stra to Mira, from Valle Averto to Pellestrina, from the Arsenal to Murano and Burano. With Venti di Cultra we have done two weekly events all along the cultural resources of the lagoon. Now we are building the financial sustainability of Lagunalonga to make it become the first hotel-boat that visits the cultural and environmental resources distributed all along the lagoon.

4. Space/time interregional unitiesThe geographical interregional unities are defined as Fernand Braudel indicated for the Mediterranean, “a unity space/time”, according with a connection route. It might be an internal sea, as the Baltic or the Mediterranean, or its sub areas, but also a river. This unity space/time might be also a cultural route, as recognized and analyzed by the European Institute (EICR). “The cultural routes programme of the Council of Europe is an instrument for reading the European values that emerge from the complexity of the cultures and societies constituting Europe”

“The forest exploitations, mining and the buildings of transformation of the ore into iron have left a deep print in the landscape and in the urban sites of the Pyrenees. The Iron Route, with the EICR label, bears witness and disseminates to a wide range of people the knowledge of this heritage. This heritage spans from mines, Charcoal sites and “fargues” (furnaces), to habitats of the working people, to iron architectural elements as bridges and railways. This sites are characterized by its diversity, and are linked by the trans-frontier itinerary, that evidences the relationships of the people from the two sites of the Pyrenees, even though of the existence of this natural barrier. The iron works as others human activity as the livestock helped people to build links among them.”

Bizkaia suspension bridge, BasqueFournaces in Farga de Ripoll

Cartagenous boat III B.C Phoenician roots

The Phoenician Route inherits the oldest Mediterranean commercial network, grounded on the production of colors and textiles, derivate from the murex shells transformation. “The Phoenician civilisation, at their peak between 1200 and 100 before Christ, dominated the trade in this part of the world for more than a thousand years. The Phoenicians founded colonies and city-states all around the Mediterranean. Some of these cities are still prosperous nowadays and there are many sites and archaeological vestiges to testify to the audacity, the entrepreneurship and the commercial and colonisation successes” that the route, with label IECR, would like to update and enhance.

Archeological remains

A Bragosso sailing in the Arsenale A Bilancella sailing at Masua in Sardina

The Italian and Mediterranean coastline abounds with places that reveal, as if looking through a kaleidoscope, the extraordinary integration of humankind, territory, production and building technologies. These fragile and precious industrial landscapes, often derelict and removed from common awareness, are presented in Cattedrali del Mare. A documentary on a fascinating journey along the complex borderline between land and water, aboard of several historical boats, produced by Venti di Cultura with many local administrations.

thank you [email protected]

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