IgY for Pigsigy-research.com/English/IgY for pigs.pdf · Specific pathogen free pigs aged at 6 days after birth was used. Anti-E. coli K88 fimbriae egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was

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IgY for Pigs

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Egg yolk antibody (IgY) for pigs

Escherichia coli K88 Escherichia coli K99 Escherichia coli 987P Escherichia coli F18 Clostridium perfringens Salmonella typhimurium Porcine Rotavirus Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)

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Adherence Inhibition

Neutralisation

Agglutination

Cause damage to cell structure

IgY: Mode of Action

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Prevent pathogenic microbes from binding to their targets in the host Not allow them to get access to nutritious

elements

Mode of action 1: Adherence inhibition

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The IgY concept: functional mechanism

Step 1 : Adherence and colonization

Fimbriae

Epithelial cells

ETEC E. coli model

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Step 2: Grow and release toxins (causing diarrhea)

Toxins

The IgY concept: functional mechanism

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IgY blocks adherence and colonization

The IgY concept : functional mechanism

IgY

Fimbriae

Epithelial cells

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Prevent viruses from invading host cells and inactivate them

Inactivate toxins produced by microorganisms

Mode of action 2: Neutralization (virus and toxins)

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Virus model

The IgY concept : functional mechanism

Virus

Epithelial cells

Step 1 : Adherence

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Virus model

The IgY concept : functional mechanism

Step 2 : Invasion and replication

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IgY

Virus

Epithelial cells

IgY blocks adherence and invasion (neutralization)

The IgY concept : functional mechanism

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“Tie” microbial cells together, stop their movement Help immune cells to catch and destroy microbes

easily Indirectly improve host immune status

Mode of action 3: Agglutination (all microorganisms)

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Globigen Control Globigen Control

Days after birth Days after birth

Globigen improves host immune status: influence on serum IgG content in calves

(Study by Erhard et al. 1999)

Serum IgG concentration Calculated total serum IgG

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Inhibit growth of pathogenic microbes Prevent them from getting nutritious elements from host

(such as iron, etc).

Mode of action 4: Cause damage to cell structure

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H. pylori

Hp + IgY + L.gasseri Hp + IgY

Hp + L. gasseri

Changes to H. pylori by IgY and probiotic

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Detection of passage and absorption of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the gastointestinal tract of pigs by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescent antibody testing.

[American Journal of Veterinary Research 1993]

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Material and Methods

Specific pathogen free pigs aged at 6 days after birth was used. Anti-E. coli K88 fimbriae egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was given and the samples were collected at 2, 6, 24 hours after the administration. The remaining anti-E.coli K88 fimbriae IgY in the gastrointestinal tract was measured by ELISA. 13

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IgY concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

100

2h 6h 24h

0 Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large intestine

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Anti-E. c

oli K

88 fi

mbr

iae

IgY C

oncentr

atio

n

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Passive Protective Effect of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins against Experimental Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Neonatal Piglets

[Infection and Immunity 1992]

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Material and Methods

Animals: Newborn Large White Pigs Infection: K88+ ETEC 1012 CFU / piglet K99+ ETEC 1012 CFU / piglet 987P+ ETEC 1010 CFU / piglet Antibody: ETEC originated Anti-K88, K99 and 987P fimbriae IgY antibody Groups: Control – placebo treatment 3 Test – 156, 625, 2500 titers Duration: 7 days from 1 day of age Evaluation: Clinical symptoms, bacterial count

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Mortality

100 80 60 40 20 0

K88 (n=7)

K99 (n=4)

987P (n=5)

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Mor

talit

y (%

)

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Diarrhoea Incident Rate with ETEC K88+ 100 80 60

40

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0 0

1

3

5 Days after infection

Control (n=7)

1 (n=7)

2 (n=7)

4 (n=7)

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Dia

rhoe

a In

cide

nt R

ate

(%)

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Isolation Rate of ETEC K88+ by Rectal Swabs

100 80 60

40

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0 0

1

3

5

Control (n=7)

1 (n=7)

2 (n=7)

4 (n=7)

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Days after infection

Det

ectio

n R

ate

(%)

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Clinical symptoms by ETEC infection

Control

IgY

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Image

Control

IgY 21

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Image

Control

IgY 22

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Passive Immunity Effect of Chicken Egg Yolk (IgY) against Transmissible

Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) in

Neonatal Piglets.

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Material and Methods

Animals: Newborn Pigs

Infection: TGE Virus 100PDD50 /Piglet

Antibody: Anti-TGEV IgY antibody

Groups: Control – placebo treatment

Test – Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY)

Duration: 14 days from 1 day of age

Evaluation: Clinical symptoms, weight gain rate

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Clinical symptoms and weight gain

Mortality

Days of diarrhoea continuing

Accumulating diarrhoea score

Weight gain rate (%)

(％)

Control (n=5)

IgY given (n=6)

80 12.4

0* 5.2**

70.0 -19.9

21.5** 7.7**

*: p<0.05、**: p<0.01 There was a significant difference between the test and control.

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Advantages of IgY

High antibody titer can be induced. Higher affinity compared to other animal originated

IgG. Effective against viruses. Safe (No residue). Control only targeted pathogens without affecting

good bacterial flora. Easy handling and application for animal feed.

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Field Trials of Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) in Pigs

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Effect of egg yolk antibody (IgY) during pre-weaning and post-weaning period and weight gain effect until

finish in pigs

Conducted by Chang-Yeu Liu, Ph.D.

Animal Technology Institute, Taiwan

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Material and Methods Animals: 160 Pre-weaning piglets

144 Post-weaning piglets

Dosage: 0.5% IgY added pre-starter feed for 2 weeks

0.035% IgY added starter feed for 4 weeks

Duration: From Day 1 of age until finish

Evaluation: Weight gain, diarrhoea, mortality

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Trial Details Pre starter

80 pigs each

Control

Starter

72 pigs each

28 days

Control

Test 0.035% IgY added feed 28 days

56 days

Raised normally for this period Control

Test

56 days

120 days

180 days

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Test 0.5% IgY added feed

Weaning

14 days

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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in pre-weaning pigs

(14 days ~ 28 days old)

Starting weight

Finishing weight

Daily gain

Diarrhoea rate

Mortality

(kg)

(kg)

(g/day)

(%)

Control 4.05

7.82

269

2.02

4/80

IgY given

4.01 8.04

288a 0.82 2/80

Difference -0.04g

+220g

+19g

-2

a：p<0.05 31

(head)

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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs

(28 days ~ 56 days old)

(kg) 7.86

18.85

393

3.46

7/72

8.15b 20.72a

449a 1.02 2/72

+0.29kg

+1.87kg

+56g

-5

a：p<0.05 b：p<0.01 32

Starting weight

Finishing weight

(kg)

Daily gain (g/day)

Diarrhoea Rate (%)

Mortality (head)

Control

IgY given

Difference

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Feed intake (g/day)

FCR

19.03

70.39

734

2021

2.752

20.67b 74.38b

778a 2081 2.676

+1.64kg

+3.99kg +44g +3.0%

-0.076 (+2.8%) a：p<0.05 b：p<0.01

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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs

(56 days ~ 120days old) Starting

weight (kg)

Finishing weight

(kg)

Daily gain (g/day)

Control

IgY given

Difference

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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs

(120 days ~ 180 days old)

70.39

107.96

767

2559

3.336

74.38b 116.21b

838b 2669 3.185

+3.99kg

+8.25kg +71g +4.3%

-0.151 (+4.5%) b：p<0.01

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Feed intake (g/day)

FCR

Starting weight

(kg)

Finishing weight

(kg)

Daily gain (g/day)

Control

IgY given

Difference

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Estimation from the field trial

Groups

Finish weight

Weight gain between 120～180 days

(Kg)

(Kg) Control

107.96

0.767 IgY given

116.21

0.838

Control group was put on the market at 180 days.

Estimation of IgY given group put on the market with the same weight as the control.

(116.21Kg－107.96Kg)÷0.838Kg＝Shortened by 9.84days

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Field Trial Show:

• Better daily gain • Improved FCR • Less intestinal tract disease • Reduction in mortality

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