If you were an onlooker, how would you describe your physical surroundings in these pictures? PROVE IT WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE? PROVE IT!

If you were an onlooker, how would you describe your physical surroundings in these pictures?

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE? PROVE IT!

The point is that if you had NO TECHNOLOGY and wanted to explain the NATURAL WORLD around you,

you might let your PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS guide you!

PRE-SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION SCIENTISTS & PHILOSOPHERS OPERATED THIS WAY!

SCHOLARS WERE CURIOUS ABOUT: …what the universe looks like.…HOW the universe moves. …what “stuff” in the universe is made of.

…time period (1500s-1700s) when the emergence of modern SCIENCE, MATH, ASTRONOMY & a new way of thinking about the NATURAL/PHYSICAL WORLD challenged traditional (OLD or PRE-MODERN) views and relied upon EXPERIMENTATION & NEW SCIENCE.

BIG PICTURE

WHAT WAS THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION?ANSWER:

“WHAT IS & WHAT DRIVES a REVOLUTION?”…and WHO?

GEOCENTRIC THEORY (& the Ptolemaic System)

* EARTH WAS AN UNMOVING OBJECT AT CENTER OF UNIVERSE! (WHAT?)… The moon, sun, and planets move around earth.

* Series of CONCENTRIC SPHERES – beyond planets lay sphere of fixed stars and HEAVEN (God).

* …ARISTOTLE develops in the 4th century B.C. (PTOLEMY expanded theory in 2nd century A.D.)

SCHOLARS WERE CURIOUS ABOUT: …what the universe looks like.…HOW the universe moves. …what “stuff” in the universe is made of.

GEOCENTRIC THEORY (& the Ptolemaic System)

SCHOLARS WERE CURIOUS ABOUT: …what the universe looks like.…HOW the universe moves. …what “stuff” in the universe is made of.

OLD VIEWS (pre-Modern) on SCIENCE, MAGIC, PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION

1.) Aristotle, Ptolemy & the GEOCENTRIC MODEL – ACCEPTED BY THE CHURCH! (traditional authorities – science focused on observation and sensory experience – no real technology to use)

3.) Belief and support of practices like ALCHEMY & ASTROLOGY (MAGIC was possible and believable)

2.) RELIGION & trusting the CHURCH! (Bible, doctrine, etc.)

“Why did CHRISTIANITY support this theory?” (taught God placed earth at center of universe, didn’t contradict Church)

4.) MEDICAL SCIENCE was based on 4 classical elements: fire, earth, water & air

SO, what changed?1.) RENAISSANCE HUMANISTS mastered Greek/Latin (translated works of Ptolemy, Archimedes and Plato); HUMANISTS DISAGREED WITH ARISTOTLE! (preferred INDIVIDUAL thought & EMPIRICISM to a reliance on personal observation)

* Aristotle’s findings called the shots during the MIDDLE AGES – BUT, was he right?

2.) NEW PROBLEMS (exploration) required NEW SOLUTIONS – which led to the development of NEW TECH. & MATH! EX.) TELESCOPE, COMPOUND MICROSCOPE, ALGEBRA, DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY, CALCULUS, etc.

Dawn of Modern Science* MIDDLE AGES/PRE-RENAISSANCE scholars sought answers about the NATURAL WORLD from the CHURCH (mid-1500s, others began to think in new ways)

OLD VIEW (PRE-MODERN) * CAUSES OF THE SCI. REV. * Scholars relied on TRADITIONAL

AUTHORITIES for beliefs about structure of universe (Aristotle, Ptolemy, etc.)

Aristotle & the GEOCENTRIC MODEL (Earth was center of Universe)

Ideas about natural world were upheld by CHURCH, accepted authority for European intellectuals

1.) Scholars (humanists) began to CHALLENGE TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES (Aristotle) in the 1500s

2.) Why OPEN TO NEW IDEAS?* EXPLORATION (new lands, new people, new animals, new curiosities)

3.) SCIENTISTS & MATHEMATICIANS began to think in new ways – posed theories, developed procedures to test theories (EVIDENCE & EXPERIMENT)

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS & the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

* On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies (written in 1530, published in 1543), Copernicus proposed a HELIOCENTRIC SYSTEM (still wrong, though…)

* EARTH & PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN! (circular orbit, earth axis)

* THINK: Why did Copernicus wait until he was on his deathbed to publish On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies? Answer: he feared ridicule from scholars and persecution from the Catholic Church

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies began the COPERNICAN REVOLUTION (aka the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION!)

POLISH ASTROLOGIST & MATHEMATICIAN

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS & the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies began the COPERNICAN REVOLUTION (aka the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION!)

POLISH ASTROLOGIST & MATHEMATICIAN

That’s what the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION was aaallll about!

…with new ways of thinking and technological developments, it gave Europeans a new way to view HUMANKIND’S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE! *

* BIG IDEA into NEXT TIME: Advances in MATH, SCIENCE & TECH. by PEOPLE allowed scholars to demonstrate the proof of abstract theories with CLEAR & LOGICAL EVIDENCE!