If. - Virginia Department of Historic Resources _021-0023... · Tidewater, Burwell turned over carter's Grove to his son, Carter Burwell, and took up permanent residence in Clarke

If. DESCRIPTION

CONDITION

lNT EGRlTY

D E S C R I B E T H E P R E S E N T AND ORIGINAL (If known) PHYSICAL A P P E A R A N C E

The Burwell-Morgan M i l l is a two-story s t r u c t u r e with gable roof and c o n s i s t s of a down slope basement and f i r s t l eve l of s tone topped by a frame second s t o r y and a t t i c addi t ion . The m i l l , approximately fo r ty - f ive f e e t by s i x t y f e e t , has small eight-over-eight a s wel l as twelve-over-eight sash windows with segmental arched l i n t e l s on the f i r s t f l o o r while the frame sec t ion has twelve-over-eight sash. The a t t i c is l ighted on the gable ends by e igh t - overre ight sash windows on two levels . The head race has been reopened i n t k c present r e s t o r a t i o n and en te r s the building from the west by a s tone flume. After pouring over the r e b u i l t water wheel of Peruvian mahogany, the water is channeled under a f i f t e e n foot s tone b a r r e l v a u l t t o the t a i l r a c e . The gears t h a t run the m i l l machinery were taken from a m i l l b u i l t c i r c a 1750 neal Middleburg and r e b u i l t . These gears r o t a t e the turn s tone over the bed stone i n the two p a i r s of Buhrs (mil ls tones) --one f o r corn and one f o r wheat. The p l a s t e r remaining on two adjacent s tone wal ls around a c o m e r f i r e p l a c e on the f i r s t l e v e l ind ica te the locat ion of the old m i l l o f f i c e which w i l l be r e b u i l t . In the res to ra t ion , the empty second s t o r y w i l l be used a s a meeting place of the Clarke County ~ i s t o r i c a L Society;

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(Check One)

Good Fair Deteriorated 0 R u i n s 0 (Cheek One)

Altered a' Unaltered (Check One)

Moved Original Site D

P E R l O O (check One or More as Appropriate) I I Pro-Columbian 16th Century 18th Century 20th Century

1Sth Century 0 17th Century 0 19th Century I -- - S P E C I F I C D A T E ( S ) (If Applleable and Known)

A R E A S OF.SIGNIFICANCE -(Check qne w More ae-Appyrfate) ' L .. - .. , . I . I - - - Aboriginal . - Ed~cotTon- . . a - Poljtical- - ..

Prehistoric , ' Engineering O,,,- Religica/Phir

Historic 0 Industry 0 losophy

I Agriculture 0 Invention Science

I Art Landscope Sculpture

Commerce Architecture 0 Social/Humon-

Communications Litcroture 0 itarian

Conservation 0 Militory Theater

I Music 0 Transportotion

S T A T E M E N T 0 F S I G N I F I C A N C E (Include Personagee, Dates. Events, Ete.)

ban Planning '. Other (spacrfyJ a . H i s tory

Although Burwell-Morgan M i l l i s s i g n i f i c a n t because of i t s complete r e s t o r a t i o n a s a working m i l l , i ts g rea te r value comes from h i s t o r i c a l associa t ions .

The m i l l was b u i l t c i r c a 1785 by Colonel Nathaniel Burwell (1750-1814) and General Daniel Morgan (1736-1802) who saw the advantage of the f a l l i n Spour Run on property belonging t o Colonel Burwell a s being a p o t e n t i a l m i l l s i t e , Colonel Burwell was a man of prominence i n the Virginia of h i s day. Born a : Carter's Grove i n James City County, the home he was l a t e r t o i n h e r i t , Burwell a l s o inher i ted land around Millwood i n present-day Clarke County. Burwell, a man of substance and wide-spread business i n t e r e s t s , began t o develop h i s Clarke County holdings a f t e r the American Revolution. Although s t i l l operat ing from Car te r ' s Grove, he began t o spend mare and more t i m e around Millwood and, seeing the f inanc ia l rewards poss ib le from a m i l l i n the a rea , entered i n t o a partnership with General Morgan, Indian f i g h t e r , Revolutionary War s 'oldier and hero of the b a t t l e s of Saratoga and Cowpens, t o build and manage a m i l l .

With the establishment of the m i l l , Burwell began t o expand h i s operat ions i n the v i c i n i t y . In 1786 he b u i l t himself a house i n which he l ived from time t o time u n t i l the completion of nearby Car ter Hall which he s t a r t e d i n 1792 and f in ished i n 1800. By 1804, t i r i n g of the impoverished land i n Tidewater, Burwell turned over c a r t e r ' s Grove t o h i s son, Car ter Burwell, and took up permanent residence i n Clarke County. I n the crossroads of Millwood he b u i l t a tanyard, a tanner 's house, another m i l l and everzual ly a d i s t i l l e r y , a l s o i n partnership with General Morgan who l ived a t Saratoga a mile west of the v i l l age .

A t Burwell's death i n 1814 the m i l l went along with h i s o the r property in tc the hands of h i s t r u s t e e s and the e s t a t e w a s not s e t t l e d u n t i l 1828. A t t h a t time the m i l l and s i x ac res were valued a t $10,000 and were l e f t t o D r . Ph i l ip G. Randolph and M i s s Lucy B. Randolph. In 1829 D r . Randolph exchanged h i s h a l f - i n t e r e s t with M i s s Susan G. Randolph. I n 1837 Reverend E. C. Hutchinson and Lucy B. Randolph, h i s wife, sold her h a l f - i n t e r e s t t o John Louthan fo r $3500. I n 1848 Louthan acquired the o ther ha l f of the pra from Susan G. Randolph, wife of D r . R. P. Page. I n 1855 Louthan sold t h ~ m i l l and l e s s than one ac re t o Alfred Parkins f o r $9500 who rented tbe - property f o r some years. I n 1872 the m i l l was sold t o T. M. Eddy and A. He Garvin who l a t e r became s o l e owner and added the add i t iona l s t o r y of woo

9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES -... .

Dictionary of American Biography. Gold, ~ h o m a F ~ . , H i s t o r y & Clarke County, V i rg in i a (Be r ryv i l l e , 1914), p.

42. Mackay-Smith , Alexander, "Burwell-Morgan M i l l Res to r a t i on , " (unpublished

t y p e s c r i p t , C la rke County H i s t o r i c a l Society,, n.d.) Stephenson, Mary Augusta, C a r t e r ' s Grove (Williarnsburg, 1964).

0 , ; . '1. 1 ' ' I

10. f-c.3GRAPXlCAL DATA LATITqqE AND LDNGI,TUDE COORDINATES.

LOCATING THE PROPERTY

CORNER LATITUDE

I STATE:

sw Q I 0 . LIST ALL ST AT E S AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING S T A T E OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

CODE COUNTY: H

h...

I LONG1 TUDE

l ~ e g r e e r Minuter Seconds I Degrees Minuter Seconds I I Degrees Minutes Seconds I Degrees Minute; . Siconds

LONGITUDE

STATE: CODE

STATE:

0 R

LATITUDE

COUNTY

CODE COUNTY: H

LATITUDE ANp.LONGITUDE COORDINATES .' D; I ' ~~NING) ~ A E ~~I;TER POINT OF A PROPERTY

OF LESS THAN ONp ACRE , I . '

1 I I

CODE COUNTY: CODE

S t a f f , V i r g i n i a H i s t o r i c Landmarks Commission, James W. Moody, Jr.. D i r e c t o r ORGAN1 ZATION DATE

., . i r g i n i a H i s t o r i c Landmarks Commission REET AND NUMBER: . .

Room 1116, Ninth S t r e e t S t a t e O f f i c e Bui lding . , . ,.

II in the Nat ional Register and cert i fy that i t has been . . evaluated according to the criteria and procechres set

CITY OR TOWN:

- . Richmond

12. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERf l F f ~ A l ' l 0 N

A- ihe designated State L ia ison Off icer for the Na-

t ional Histor ic Preservation Act o f 1966 (Publ ic Law

80 ,65). I hereby nominate th is property for inclusion

forth by the Nat ional Park Service. The recommended Chief, Off ice of Archeology end Historic Preservation

leve l of s igni f icance of this nomination is:

, . 8 .. I herebv cert i fy that this property is included in the

Register'

Nat ional State [19 L o c a l - I . ,.. -.. ' , -

1

STATE CODE

45

V-. Edward P. Alexander, hairm ma dl

NATIONAL REGISTER VERlFlCATtON

Name

Tfle V i -:ginia H i s t o r i c Landmarks . .

Keeper o f The N e t i m a l Register . ' .' . . . . .,: ; 1 ; : 1: . ' i ... . i i

Date .. 1 1

. . ATTEST: . . .... :I : . . ... . . , , I :

Date 11 Date

Dict ionary of American Biography. Gold, Thomas D . , His tory of Clarke County, V i rg in i a (Be r ryv i l l e , 1914), p.

42. Mackay-Smith, Alexander, "Burwell-Morgan M i l l Restoration,"(unpublished

t y p e s c r i p t , Clarke County H i s t o r i c a l Soc ie ty , n.d.) Stephenson, Mary Augusta, C a r t e r ' s Grove (Williamsburg, 1964).

- -- -- ,10. GC,3GRAPHICAL DATA . a , L * T I T Y q ~ 3 N D L 0 N C l ; T U P E , C O O R O 1 N A T E S . !

D E F I N I N G A R E C T A N G L E L O C A T I N G T H E P R O P E R T V

ICORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE .. .a. * . Degrees Minutes Seconds

. ,. , : : a;

0 t

0 .

A T I T U D E A N p . L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S a D ~ ~ N I N ~ T ~ E C E N T E R P O I N T O F A P R O P E R T Y

I O F L E S S 1HA.N ON-E A C R E . - - 1:. i --

L O N G I T U D E

Degrees Minutes Siconds

-CODE-[ C O U N T Y .

COD^ I C O U N T Y :

w

rn m

I C O D E I - Z

v,

CODE I m C

C1

I - 0

Z m

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- I herebv certify that this property is included in the

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

80-665). I hereby nominate th i s property for inclusion Register'

in the National Register and certify that i t has been

evaluated according to the criteria and p r o c e h r e s s,et

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended

level of significance of this nomination is:

National State jig Local

Chief, Office of Archeology a n d Historic Preaervat im

Da te

Name ATTEST:

Cr . Edward P. Alexander, Chairma T'tle Vi-:ginia H i s t o r i c Landmarks

Keeper of The National Reg!ster !, Date

Form 10-3OOa (Dec. 1968)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

S T A T E

Virginia -

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC P L A C E S COUNTY

INVENTORY . NOMINATION FORM Clarke

I E N T R Y NUMBER 1 D A T E

- I (Number all entrloe)

I

8. The Garvin family operated the m i l l u n t i l 1913 when i t was rented t o Ew L. Alger who l a t e r purchased the m i l l and operated i t u n t i l 1943. The m i l l w a s i n continuous operat ion u n t i l 1943 and is now being restorc f o r fu tu re operation.

6. His to r i c American Buildings Survey Inventory 1958 , Federal Library of Congress Washington, Dw C w Code: 08

Virginia His to r i c Landmarks Commission Report 1/21-10 1968 . S t a t e Room 1116, Ninth S t r e e t S t a t e Off ice Building Richmond, Virginia Code: 45

l ~ o r m 10-301 (Dec. 1968)

1. Property broundories where required.

2. North arrow.

3. Latitude and longitude reference. .

-

.

- _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ __- - -- --- ----- ----- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR S T A T E

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Virginia - NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

COUNTY

Clarke - PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USt UNLT

ENTRV NUMBER D A T E (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) I I: NAME

c OMMON : M i llwood M i 11 - AND/OR HISTORIC: durwell-Morgan M i l l

1 r ."..

STREET ANDNUMBER: . 1 m i . E of Spout Run, SW s i d e o f in tersec t ion of R t . 723 and R t . 255. -

C I T Y OR TOWN:

M i 1 lwood STATE: CODE COUNTY: - C O D E

Virginia 1 45 1 Clarke 1 043 ? P H O T O CREDIT :

D A T E O F PHOTO:

I DESC-RIBE V I E W . D I R E C T I O N . E T C .

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