If the Shoe Fits: Beneficial Produced Water Reuse Options ... Water - F… · If the Shoe Fits: Beneficial Produced Water Reuse Options in Oklahoma MICHAEL FORD / ECONOMIST AND WATER

If the Shoe Fits: Beneficial

Produced Water Reuse

Options in Oklahoma

MICHAEL FORD / ECONOMIST AND WATER REUSE PROFESSIONAL

PRESENTATION TO THE GROUNDWATER PROTECTION COUNCIL UIC CONFERENCE

TULSA, OKLAHOMA

FEBRUARY 12, 2018

The challenge

� At $40/bbl breakeven and $60/bbl WTI, $2/bbl in PW disposal = 10% of producer margins.

� Costs will keep rising.

� More drilling for PW injection wells, and/or;

� Higher cost to transport PW to wells further away.

� Oklahoma Produced Water Working Group: “It is likely that the price of water disposal will increase and begin to tip the cost equation towards produced water re-use (Water for 2060, April 2017).”

The solution

� Reuse creates a whole series of solutions:

� Reduce the risk of induced seismicity (earthquakes);

� Help producers keep producing;

� Free up freshwater; and,

� Cut down on traffic, energy use.

� Different groups can all win with reuse:

� Free play for producers, environmentalists, regulators, farmers, industry, homeowners, utilities, commuters, consumers.

Pressure = December 2016 PSI and 2017 permitted pressure capacity data for Class II and commercial disposal wells from the Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Capacity utilization may be higher now if injections increased in 2017 due to greater production activity. Pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI).Growth = change in average rig count from 2016 to 2017 with calculations for corresponding counties from Baker Hughes North American Rotary Rig Count Report.TDS = Calculations with USGS produced water samples from the Oklahoma Geological Survey, cross-checked with Water for 2060 report findings. Salinity measured in TDS = total dissolved solids, in milligrams per liter (mg/l).

Granite Wash•Mid/high growth•High pressure•Low salt

CW/STAC•High growth•High pressure•Mid/high salt

SCOOP•High growth•Low pressure•Varied salt

Kingfisher•High growth•Low pressure•Varied salt

Miss Lime•Low growth•Low pressure•High salt

Panhandle•Low growth•Low pressure•High salt

Identify Anadarko counties with:

• Induced seismicity constraints• Wells with low/no injections due

to risk of earthquakes (from OCC)

• Injection constraints• 1/4 of wells at/above 50% psi;• 1/10 at/above 75% psi.

Grouped with Baker Hughes, OGS maps; show common traits.

Finding what fits: The landscape for

reuse opportunities � Fracking reuse: Economic, but not enough for everybody.

� Forced evaporation: Cost competitive, but chances for reuse?

� Other options exist, but expensive because of desalination.

� Can we find uses that are a win-win fit for the places that need it?

No desal

desal

GraniteWash

CW /STAC

SCOOP Pan-handle

MissLime

King-fisher

Oklahoma

449,510,296

180,818,227 Base water for fracking, 2016 (FracFocus)

Class II and CDW injections, 2016 (OCC)

Agricultural reuse: Cotton and wheat

Upland cotton in Granite Wash

• Salt-tolerant.

• Could work w/o desal and/or higher-PW blends.

• Low-salinity Granite Wash near southern counties.

• Boron a potential issue.

Winter wheat in the Panhandle, SCOOP

• Endurance semidwarf wheat similarly salt-tolerant.

• Grown in Panhandle (other shelf), SCOOP

• Could also work in Miss Lime, w/ a lot of blending.

Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. Oklahoma Agricultural Statistics, 2017.

Thermoelectric reuse in Miss Lime

• Capital-intensive.

• NETL studies with CBM water at SJGS.

• Sooner Power Plant in Noble County.

• Desal needed? Maybe.

• Heavy blending possible at Sooner.

The Oklahoman, 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration. Energy Mapping System, 2018

Pozzolans in the Panhandle

• Additive for Portland cement.

• Al-tobermorite – tuff that requires brine.

• Occurs natural in Roman structures.

• Valuable for industry, breakwaters.

• Technically, economically possible in OK?

Lavinsky, 2010 Jackson, 2017 Jackson, 2017

Google Earth, 2018

Road capping in the CW/STAC

• Top-3 gypsum producers all in the STAC.

• Mixed for “road gyp” – basically water sealant.

• Low-TDS STAC PW presents chance to substitute.

• Could even blend with high-TDS Miss Lime PW.

• OCC approval required.

Based on data from Oklahoma Department of Mines for 2016.

University of Pittsburgh, 2018. Empire Asphalt, 2018.

Questions?

Bonus Slides

0%

10%

20%

30%

Granite Wash CW / STAC SCOOP Panhandle Miss Lime Kingfisher

2016 PSI injected / Total approved PSI 2017

0%

50%

100%

150%

Granite Wash CW / STAC SCOOP Panhandle Miss Lime Kingfisher

% change in average active weekly rig count, 2016-2017

0%

10%

20%

30%

Granite Wash CW / STAC SCOOP Panhandle Miss Lime Kingfisher

% of wells with over 50% of approved PSI injected

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

Granite Wash CW / STAC SCOOP* Panhandle Miss Lime Kingfisher*

Average total dissolved solids from USDS samples (mg/l)

December 2016 PSI and 2017 permitted pressure capacity data for Class II and commercial disposal wells from the Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI).Change in average rig count from 2016 to 2017 with calculations for corresponding counties from Baker Hughes North American Rotary Rig Count Report.Total dissolved solids calculations with USGS produced water samples from the Oklahoma Geological Survey.Total dissolved solids in milligrams per liter (mg/l).

Granite Wash•Mid/high growth•High pressure•Low salt

CW/STAC•High growth•High pressure•Mid/high salt

SCOOP•High growth•Low pressure•varied salt

Kingfisher•High growth•Low pressure•Varied salt

Miss Lime•Low growth•Low pressure•High salt

Other Shelf•Low growth•Low pressure•High salt

No-injectionZone