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ANSI/IEEE Std 32-1972

An American National Standard

IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology,and Test Procedure for Neutral GroundingDevices

Surge Protective Devices Committee

of the

IEEE Power Engineering Society

IEEE Standards Board

American National Standards Institute

Abstract: IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Procedures for

Neutral Grounding Devices

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

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CLAUSE PAGE

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CLAUSE PAGE

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Standard Requirements,Terminology, and Test Procedure forNeutral Grounding Devices

1. General

1.1 Scope

1.2 Service Conditions

1.2.1 Usual Temperature and Altitude Service Conditions .

°

°

°

1.2.2 Unusual Temperature and Altitude Service Conditions .

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- - ` ,

` , ,

` , , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , , , ,

` ,

` ` , , , ,

` - ` - ` , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , ,

` - - -

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

1.2.3 Other Unusual Service Conditions .

X/R

1.3 Operation at Altitudes in Excess of 3300 ft (1000 m)

1.3.1 Insulation .

1.3.2 Operation at Rated Current .

Table 1— Dielectric Strength Correction Factors for Standard Devices at Altitudes Greater than 3300 ft (1000 m)

Altitude

meters feet

Factor for

Correction

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

2. Basis for Rating

2.1 Conditions

2.2 Rated Current

I

Continuous Duty Current in Percent of

Thermal Current Rating

Reactors, Ground-Fault

Neutralizers, and

Transformers Used For

Grounding

Rated Time of

Device Resistors

I c KI

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

K

I

2.3 Rated Voltage (see definition in Section 13)

°

Table 2—

Table 3— Value of K for Eq 1

Maximum Allowable Average Temperature,* Degrees Celsius of Cooling Air for Carrying Rated Current

Methods of Cooling

Apparatus

3300 ft

(1000 m)

6600 ft

(2000 m)

9900 ft

(3000 m)

13 200 ft

(4000 m)

°

°

°

X/ R K X/R K X/R K

K π R/X

X/R

X/R X R K I

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- - ` ,

` , ,

` , , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , , , ,

` ,

` ` , , , ,

` - ` - ` , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , ,

` - - -

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

Table 4— Insulation Classes for Neutral Grounding Devices

Insulation Class

System Insulation

Class, kV (See Note 1)

Fault Voltage Criteria

(See Note 2)

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4

Class BIL kV kV

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

3.2 Dielectric Withstand Test Levels

3.3 Protective Devices

4. Temperature Limitations

4.1 Limits

4.2 Steady-State Temperature Rises (see definition in Section 3)

T

4.3 Rated-Time Temperature Rises (see definition in Section 13)

4.3.1 Ten-Second and One-Minute Ratings .

4.3.2 Ten-Minute Ratings .

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

4.3.3 Extended-Time Ratings (see definition in Section 13)

5. Tests

5.1 Routine Tests (see definitions in Section 13)

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

T a b l e 6

— L

i m i t i n g T e m p e r a t u r e R i s e s A

b o v e 3 0 ° ° ° °

C A m b i e n t f o r C u r r e n t C

a r r y i n g P a r t s — N e u t r a l D e v i c e s

* †

C o l u m n 1

C o l u m n 2

C o l u m n 3

C o l u m n 4

C o l u m n 5

C o l u m n 6

C o l u m n 7

5 5 ° ° ° ° C

O i l - I m m e r s e d

5 5 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

8 0 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

1 5 0 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

R e s i s t o r s

T e

m p e r a t u r e R i s e , ° ° ° ° C

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

T e m p e

r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e

c o n d s

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

S

t a i n l e s s

S t e e l * *

C a s t

G r i d #

S t e a d y S t a t e

R a t e d T i m e

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

θ

°

°

θ

θ θ

°

θ °

θ °

θ °

θ

θ

θ

P

C

M

T a b l e 6 — L

i m

i t i n g T e m p e r a t u r e R i s e s A b o v e 3 0 ° ° ° °

C A m b i e n t f o r C u r r e n t C a r r y i n g P a r t s — N e u t r a l D e v i c e s

* † (

C o n t i n u e d )

C o l u m n 1

C o l u m n 2

C o l u m n 3

C o l u m n 4

C o l u m n 5

C o l u m n 6

C o l u m n 7

5 5 ° ° ° ° C

O i l - I m m e r s e d

5 5 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

8 0 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

1 5 0 ° ° ° ° C

D r y - T y p e

R e s i s t o r s

T e

m p e r a t u r e R i s e , ° ° ° ° C

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

T e m p e

r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e

c o n d s

T e m p e r a t u r e

R i s e

° ° ° ° C

T i m e

F a c t o r ‡

s e c o n d s

S

t a i n l e s s

S t e e l * *

C a s t

G r i d #

C θ M

P

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

Table 7— Time Factor Multiplier M for Use in Equation in Table 6

Table 8— Limits of Top Oil Temperature Rise

5.2 Dielectric Tests (see definition in Section 13)

Oil-Immersed Dry-Type

55°°°°C Rise 55°°°°C Rise 80°°°°C Rise 150°°°°C Rise

Steady-State

Average

Winding Rise

Multi-

plier

M

Steady-State

Average

Winding Rise

Multi-

plier

M

Steady-State

Average

Winding Rise

Multi-

plier

M

Steady-State

Average

Winding Rise

Multi-

plier

M

Conservator or

Inert Gas

Cushion

No

Conservator or

Inert Gas

Cushion

° °

° °

° °

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

5.2.1 Impulse Tests (see definition in Section 13).

×

Reduced Full-Wave Test

Chopped-Wave Test

Full-Wave Test

×

×

5.2.2 Applied-Potential Test (See definition in Section 13).

5.2.3 Induced-Potential Test (see definition in Section 13).

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

5.3 Losses and Impedance

°

6. Construction

6.1 Bushings, Insulators, and Oil

6.2 Nameplates

°

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

6.3 Tanks and Enclosures

7. Reactors

7.1 Insulation Levels

7.2 Dielectric Tests

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

7.2.1 Impulse Tests .

7.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

7.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

8. Ground-Fault Neutralizers

8.1 Insulation Levels

8.2 Dielectric Tests

8.2.1 Impulse Tests .

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

8.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

8.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

9. Grounding Transformers

9.1 Insulation Levels

9.2 Dielectric Tests

9.2.1 Impulse Tests .

Line End Ground End

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`

`

`

`

`

`

`

` `

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

9.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

9.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

10. Resistors

10.1 Resistor Element

10.1.1 Rated Voltage (see definition in Section 13).

°

10.1.2 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance .

R R θ θ

a R R

R θ θ ( )

R R a θ θ ( )[ ]

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

10.1.3 Conductor Connections .

10.1.4 Resistance Test .

±

10.2 Insulation Levels

10.3 Dielectric Tests

10.3.1 Impulse Tests .

10.3.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

10.3.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

11. Capacitors

11.1 Insulation Levels

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

11.2 Dielectric Tests

11.2.1 Impulse Tests .

11.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

11.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

12. Combination Devices

12.1 Insulation Levels

12.2 Dielectric Tests

Line End Ground End

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

12.2.1 Impulse Tests .

12.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests .

12.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests .

13. Definitions and Terminology

acceptance test:

ambient temperature:

applied-potential test:

askarel:

basic impulse insulation level (BIL):

chopped wave:

compound-filled (for a grounding device):

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

conservator system or expansion tank system:

critical impulse flashover voltage:

design test:

dielectric tests:

disconnectable device:

dry-type (for a grounding device):

extended-time rating (of a grounding device):

gas-oil sealed system:

ground:

ground current:

grounded:

grounded circuit:

grounded concentric wiring system:

grounded conductor:

grounded parts:

grounded system:

ground end (of a neutral grounding device):

ground-fault neutralizer:

ground-fault neutralizer grounded:

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

grounding device:

grounding transformer:

impedance grounded:

impedance voltage:

impulse flashover voltage:

impulse tests:

×

impulse withstand voltage:

induced-potential test:

inert gas-pressure system:

inhibited oil: insulation class (of a grounding device):

insulating materials:

line end (of a neutral grounding device):

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

Table 9— Classification of Insulating Materials

losses (of a grounding device): I R

° °

°

°

°

°

°

°

°

°

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- - `

`

`

`

`

`

`

` `

` - ` - `

`

`

`

` - - -

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

mechanical limit:

minimum impulse flashover voltage:

neutral grounding device:

neutral-grounding capacitor:

neutral grounding impedor:

neutral grounding reactor:

neutral grounding resistor:

neutral grounding wave trap:

oil:

oil-immersed (for a grounding device):

permanently grounded device:

rated continuous current:

rated current (of a neutral device) (current rating):

rated frequency (of a grounding device):

rated thermal current:

rated time (time rating):

rated-time temperature rise (for a grounding device):

rated voltage:

reactance grounded:

resistance grounded:

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

resistance method of temperature determination:

routine test:

sealed tank system:

short-time rating (of a grounding device):

solidly grounded:

starting temperature (for a grounding device):

steady-state temperature rise (for a grounding device):

tap:

thermal current rating:

thermometer method of temperature determination:

ungrounded:

uninhibited oil:

voltage to ground:

14. Test Code

14.1 Resistance Measurements

14.1.1 Necessity for Resistance Measurements .

I R

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Copyright © 1972 IEEE All Rights Reserved

TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.1.2 Determination of Cold Temperature .

14.1.2.1 General .

14.1.2.2 Windings Out of Oil .

14.1.2.3 Windings Immersed in Oil .

14.1.3 Drop-of-Potential Method .

Figure 1— Connections for the Drop-of-Potential Method of Resistance Measurement

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IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

14.1.4 Bridge Methods.

14.2 Dielectric Tests

14.2.1 Test Procedure.

14.2.1.1 Factory Dielectric Tests .

14.2.1.2 Insulation Resistance .

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.2.1.3 Periodic Dielectric Tests in the Field .

14.2.1.4 Tests on Bushings .

14.2.2 Applied-Potential Tests.

Neutral Capacitor Terminal-to-Case

Neutral Resistor

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IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

14.2.3 Induced-Potential Tests

14.2.3.1 Grounding Transformers and Ground-Fault Neutralizers .

14.2.3.2 Dry-Type Current-Limiting Reactors .

14.2.3.3 Oil-Immersed Current-Limiting Reactors .

Frequency in Hz Duration in seconds

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.2.3.4 Neutral Capacitors .

14.2.3.5 Neutral Resistors .

14.2.4 Standard Impulse Tests.

14.2.4.1 Reduced Full-Wave Test .

14.2.4.2 Chopped-Wave Test .

14.2.4.3 Full-Wave Test .

14.2.4.4 Connections for Impulse Tests .

Ω

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14.2.4.5 Detection of Failure .

14.2.4.6 Wave to be Used for Impulse Tests .

×

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.3 Impedance and Loss Measurements

Figure 2— Connections for Impedance Voltage and Impedance Loss Tests

E

E E I

E E I P

I

I R

°

T

T

P ′ P ′ θ′; P P

E r

P

I

E x E

E r

P x′

P xT θ′

T θ

P s′ P s T θT θ′

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IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

14.3.1 Wattmeter Method.

I R

I R

I R

E E E

I R

14.3.2 Bridge Method.

14.4 Temperature-Rise Tests

14.4.1 Loading for Temperature-Rise Tests.

14.4.2 Determination of Average Measured Winding Temperature by the Hot-Resistance Method.

θ R

Ro

T θo( ) T

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- - ` ,

` , ,

` , , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , , , ,

` ,

` ` , , , ,

` - ` - ` , ,

` , ,

` ,

` , ,

` - - -

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

T

T

θ R

θ R

R

R

A B F

A

θ R Ro

Ro

T θo( ) θo

A ( )

× F ( )

B ( )

F ( )×

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IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

°

°

14.4.3 Temperature-Rise Tests — Oil-Immersed Devices.

°

°

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.4.4 Temperature-Rise Tests — Dry-Type Devices.

°

K

T

T

θ °

K T

T θ

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14.4.5 Correction Back to Shutdown

14.4.5.1 Empirical Method .

°

I R

°

14.4.5.2 Cooling Curve Method .

14.5 Temperature-Rise Calculations

14.5.1 Thermal Short-Time Capability Calculations for Reactors, Ground-Fault Neutralizers, and

Transformers Used for Grounding.

θ

θ t

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

m at

t

T

T

θ t

θ

θ °

W

W ° e

e

e °

C

∈

C θ °

θ T θ s( ) e( )m m

[ ]

aW s

C av

T θ s

W x

C av T ( )

e( )T

T θ s

θ T θ s( ) εm

e εm ( ) [ ]

C x θ x Ai

Ac

C x θ x Ai

Ac

C x θ x Ai

Ac

C x θ x Ai

Ac

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IEEE Std 32-1972 IEEE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND

A

A

Table 10— Respective Metric and English System Nomenclature for Eqs 15 and 16

14.5.2 Thermal Capability Calculation for Neutral Resistors

14.5.2.1 Respective Metric and English System Equations for Temperature Rise and Current

Density, When Current is Constant .

Symbol and Identity Metric English

θ ° °

θ ° °

θ ° θ ° θ

a

° °

δ

C

J

r

t

− x

°⋅

°⋅

Ω

Ω

θ

ao

aor otJ o

C δ

θ

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`

`

`

`

`

`

`

` `

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

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TEST PROCEDURE FOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING DEVICES IEEE Std 32-1972

14.5.2.2 Respective Metric and English System Equations for Temperature Rise and Current

Density, When Voltage is Constant .

θ

ao

ao otJ

o

C δ

θ

J oC δaor ot

ao θ θ ( )[ ]

J oC δ

aor ot ao θ θ ( )[ ]

θ

ao

J

or oaot

C δ

θ

θ ao

J

r

oa

ot

× C δ θ

J oC δ

r ot θ θ ao

θ θ ( )

J oC δ

r ot θ θ ao

θ θ ( )

--` ,` , ,` , , ,` , ,` ,` , , , ,` ,` ` , , , ,` -` -` , ,` , ,` ,` , ,` ---