17/07/09 17/07/09 11 Some Reflections Lew Terman IEEE Past President IEEE Region 8 Meeting Venice, Italy 26 April, 2009 The IEEE at 125 Lew Terman IEEE 2009 Past President IEEE Region 10 Students Congress Singapore 17 July, 2009
May 13, 2015
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Some ReflectionsLew TermanIEEE Past PresidentIEEE Region 8 MeetingVenice, Italy26 April, 2009
The IEEE at 125Lew TermanIEEE 2009 Past PresidentIEEE Region 10 Students CongressSingapore17 July, 2009
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1884
University of Wales, Bangor, founded
Motto: Gorau Dawn Deall (“The Best Gift is Understanding”)
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Since 1884, IEEE has been fostering technical innovation for the benefit of humanity.
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1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is foundedA small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president.
Invitation to the AIEE organizational meeting, Electrical World, 5 April 1884
Norvin Green, President of Western Union Telegraph and first president of the AIEE
Program of the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia
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A New Industry: Electric Power and LightElectric power and light systems arose primarily from Thomas Edison’s work. Edison opened his first electric power plant in New York in 1882. Within a decade, electric power had spread to every corner of the globe, with many new applications. The AIEE became dominated by power engineers. 1882
Edison’s first commercialplant, Pearl St., NY
Frank Spragueworked for Edisonbefore leaving todevelop the firstcommercially practicalelectric streetcar.
ThomasEdisonand hisincandes-cent lightpatent
1906 Using an electric ironby an electric light
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AC vs. DC PowerIn the 1890s, AC power, championed by George Westinghouse working from inventions by Nikola Tesla, became standard because it could be efficientlytransmitted over long distances from massive power plants, such as that built at Niagara Falls, which began sending power to Buffalo in 1896.
1905 Power Generation at Niagara Falls
1895 Niagara Falls Power Plant
Nikola Tesla,inventor of theinduction motor anda comprehensivesystem for polyphaseAC power.
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Communications: The first important electrical technologySamuel Morse’s first US telegraph line connected Washington and Baltimorein 1844. By 1866, a telegraph cable connected the United States and Europe. Alexander Graham Bell followed in 1876 with a telegraph that talked—the telephone.
1882Telephone set
Franklin Pope,telegraph operator
Telegraph linecongestion
A. G. Bell
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The Birth of RadioRadio, a new electrical technology, arose in the first decade of the twentieth century. Wireless telegraphy using spark transmitters was the original application, but particularly after the invention of the vacuum tube amplifier, it began to be usedto transmit speech and music.
1912Radio telegraph operators’communications with thesinking Titanic demonstratedthe power of radio
1901Guglielmo Marconi andGeorge Kemp withequipment used intransatlantic wirelesstelegraphy
Alexandr PopovRussian Radio Pioneer
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Formation of the IRE, 1912With the new industry came a new society in 1912, the Institute of Radio Engineers or IRE, modeled on the AIEE, but devoted to radio, and later increasingly to electronics.
IRE logo
IRE annual banquet, NY, 1915. Amongthose attending were Tesla, Sarnoff,de Forest, and Alexanderson
Alfred GoldsmithIRE Co-founder and first journal editor
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Milestones:Fleming de Forest Armstrong
The Fleming Valve
The Audion (Triode)
Superhetero-dyne Circuit
FM Radio
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Media Becomes ElectronicIn the 1920s, Radio broadcasting swept the world. Between 1921 and 1930 the number of US households with radios grew from close to zero to almost 14 million. And a still newer technology, television, was moving from experiment to reality. IRE members led the way in these developments.
Vacuum tubes, thefirst electronicamplifiers, maderadio broadcastingand transcontinentaltelephony possible.
1939 RCA President David Sarnoff openingcommercial TV service,NY
1930sListening to radio
1921 WJZ Studio, Newark NJ
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AIEE and IRE serve their members and their professionsBoth societies ran technical conferences, published journals, promulgated standards, developed codes of ethics, and encouraged the training of student engineers.
Proceedings of the AIEE,
September 1916
Proceedings of the IRE
September 1926
NBC engineers at an IRE banquet
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World War II
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Solid State ElectronicsThe transistor and its progeny, the integrated circuit, opened enormous possibilities for new technologies ranging from the iconic portable radio to increasingly powerful computers. Solid state electronics became a hot field in the post war years.
1961First commercial monolithicintegrated circuit, Fairchild
1958Transistor radio
1958Jack Kilby’s first integratedcircuit
1947William Shockley,John Bardeen, andWalter Brattaininvented thetransistor, the firstsolid state amplifierand switch at BellLabs
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Computers and ComputingBy the late 1950s electronic computers had evolved from science fiction to tools for scientific research and large business applications. Alongside rose a new profession, that of the computer engineer.
1943-1946 ENIAC, widelyregarded as thefirst generalpurposeelectronic digitalcomputer.
1952 John Von Neumann with his experimental IAS computer
1959 IBM 7090, one of the first fully transistorized computers
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MicroelectronicsAs integrated circuits evolved into (among other things) microprocessors, or computers on a chip, the costs dropped dramatically to the point where a student in the early 1970s could own an electronic calculator, and the student of the early 1980s an entire computer. Gordon Moore predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors that could be placed on a single chip would double every two years. Moore’s law has held true for over forty years.
1972 Hewlett-Packard HP35calculator
The Apple IIcomputer, introducedin 1978, broughtcomputing power to desktops.
Intel’s first microprocessor,the 4004 introduced in 1971,contained 2300 transistors ona single chip
Andrew Grove, GordonMoore, and RobertNoyce, founders of the Intel Corporation
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AIEE + IRE = IEEEThe idea that there should be one organization for all electrical engineers was an old one, and became more powerful as the profession expanded beyond its separate roots in power and radio. In 1962, the boards and memberships of the two institutes agreed to merge.
On January 1, 1963, the IEEE was born with 150,000 members, 140,000 of whom were in the United States.
1962 Symposium on the proposedmerger, IRE National Convention
Special merger issue of theProceedings of the IRE
The badge of the new IEEEcombined the right hand rulefrom the IRE with the kite fromthe AIEE
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IEEE – founded January 1, 1963
At creation had 7 Regions– 6 in the US– 1 in Canada
By the end of the ’60’s, IEEE had 10 Regions– 6 in the US– Canada– Europe and Africa– Latin America– Asia / Pacific
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Students: 85,000
Dec. 2008 Total Members: 382,000
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Recent Slope ~1.2%/yr => 50:50 in 5 years
Global Membership1995 to 2008
70.8%
29.2%
54.8%
45.2%
2008 Students: 70% in R710
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51.3%50.1%48.3%48.3%44.3%42.7%
39.7%39.6%43.6%
41.3%37.1%
33.7%32.6%30.0%
48.7%49.9%51.7%51.7%55.7%57.3%
60.3%60.4%56.4%
58.7%62.9%
66.3%67.4%70.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
% of Total Student MembershipMembership Trends -Students
1995 to 2008
US non-US
*GSM Included in Student totals
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The Globalization of IEEE
2003
IEEEStandardsregionalwebportal
IEEE responded to the emerging global village by becoming more global itself. By 2008, 43% of its 380,000 members resided in 160 countries besides the United States.
1994 Staff at the IEEE Beijing Sectionoffice
2003
Students atNigeria’s FederalUniversity ofTechnology Werra(FUTO) greetIEEE SpectrumSenior EditorHarry Goldstein
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Now, let’s fast forward from 1963, through….
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… innumerable new technologies….Integrated CircuitsPhotovoltaicsSmart Power/Smart GridMedical ElectronicsRemote LearningMOS and CMOS Devices and CircuitsRadarDRAMLanding on the Moon/Space ProgramMagnetic BubblesProgramming LanguagesSolutions/Applications/Services SoftwareDigital Signal ProcessingGaAs/III-V TechnologyRobotsMoore’s LawCAD ToolsOperating SystemsDigital AudioWord ProcessingSpread sheetsThe Web and the InternetSatellitesFlash MemorySensorsTransducersOrganic ElectronicsSuper Computers
MEMsHard Disk Magnetic StorageLEDsLCD displaysPlasma displaysThe MousePCMACWork StationWalkmaniPodCell PhonesWiFiOptical FiberLasersDigital PhotographyDigital TVWikiBlogFace BookCCD ImagersCMOS ImagersHeterojunction Bipolar TransistorsMemory HierarchyRISC Architecture
…et al…
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IEEE Todayn More than 380,000 members, including over 80,000 student
members in more than 160 countries n 324 sections in 10 geographic regions worldwide n 1,784 chapters that unite local members with similar technical
interests n 1,616 student branches and 452 student branch chapters at
colleges and universities in 80 countries n 38 societies and 7 technical councils representing the wide range of
technical interests n 390 affinity groups consisting of Consultants' Network, Graduates of
the Last Decade (GOLD), Women in Engineering (WIE) and Life Members (LM) groups
n Nearly 1,300 standards and projects under developmentn Over 2 million documents in the IEEE Xplore® digital library n Publishes a total of 144 transactions, journals and magazines n Sponsors more than 900 conferences annually
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So where are we now?
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Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore2008 IEEE Medal of Honor Recipient
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2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of Giant Magnetorestance”
Peter Grunberg and Albert Fert
1 TB Storage for < USD 100
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Jack Dongarra
Intel TeraflopsChip
Supercomupter Sites
#500th SC
1 PETAFLOP
Top SC
To
p 50
0 Su
m
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Vinton “Vint” Cerf “ Father” of the Internet
Internet 1985
Global Internet 2009
ARPANET 1973
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“On the Internet, nobodyknows you’re a dog…”
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MRI System
Prof. Paul Lauterbur & Sir Peter Mansfield
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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125 Years….
….It has been a long, fantastic, and exhilarating journey….
….And the best is yet to come!
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Advancing Technology for the Next 125 Years
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1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is foundedA small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president.
Norvin Green, President of Western Union Telegraph and first president of the AIEE
Program of the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia
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Internet 1985
Global Internet 2009
Vinton “Vint” Cerf “ Father” of the Internet
ARPANET 1973