Identifying Works and Expressions

James/Kuhagen for VLA -- Feb. 5, 20131

Identifying Works and Expressions


Works


Where are the Instructions?

Generally, the instructions for identifying works and expressions are in chapter 6.

You will also need to consult the related instructions in: Chapter 19, “Persons, Families, and Corporate

Bodies Associated with a Work” Chapter 20, “Persons, Families, and Corporate

Bodies Associated with an Expression”


Naming the Work

Just like ‘naming’ persons and corporate bodies (and now, families)

Similar to AACR2 concept of “main entry”

MARC has four possibilities for where this information can be coded1XX + 2401XX + 245130245


Bibliographic or Authority Data?

RDA does not prescribe if attributes about the work and the access points are to be recorded as bibliographic data or authority data

LC Policy: Always identify the work by giving the access

point in the bibliographic record Sometimes identify the work by making a

title or name/title authority record -- no changes from policy in DCM Z1


Terminology Related to Works

Title of the work (RDA 6.2.1.1) “word, character, or group of words and/or

characters by which a work is known” Preferred title for the work (RDA 6.2.2.1)

the form of title used when constructing the authorized access point

Variant title for the work (RDA 6.2.3.1) the form of title used when constructing a

variant access point aka “see references”


Sources of Information –Sources for Preferred Titles (6.2.2.2)

Commonly-known title For a work created after 1500

From resources embodying the work or from reference sources

Sometimes: title proper of the first manifestation received

For a work created before 1501 From modern reference sources If this evidence is inconclusive, a priority order

is given


Sources of Information –Sources for Other Elements (6.1.1)

For all other identifying attributes of works and expressions

Take the information from any

source


Authorized Access Points for Works (6.27.1.1 - 6.27.1.8)

Construct an authorized access point with …Authorized access point for the creatorPreferred titleAdditions to the preferred title

Links back to the instructions on recording each of the specific elements


Creators of a Work–Where are the Instructions?

Creator is a relationship to a work; it isn’t an attribute of the work.

So we will find the instructions about creators in Chapter 19, not Chapter 6.


Creator (19.2) CORE ELEMENT “person, family, or corporate body

responsible for the creation of a work” If more than one entity is responsible for

the work as a whole:The creator having principal responsibility

named first in the resource is required If principal responsibility is not indicated,

only the first-named creator is requiredLC-PCC PS 19.2 allows for providing

additional creator access Remember, not every work has a creator!


What About Contributors?

“ … contributing to the realization of a work through an expression”

Editors, translators, illustrators, arrangers of music, performers, writers of commentary, and others

Covered more on slide 64


Corporate Bodies as Creators

Categories of works (RDA 19.2.1.1.1)Similar to AACR2 21.1B2

Corporate body takes precedence over a first-named person or family as creator

LC-PCC PS, similar to RI for 21.1B2 RDA 19.2.1.1.2 on government and

religious officials as creators


Preferred Title for the Work

CORE ELEMENT

General instructions Specific instructions


General Instructions onRecording Titles (6.2.1) Scope: “… by which a work is known” Sources: “… from any source” Capitalization Numbers Diacritics Articles Spacing Abbreviations Covers both preferred and variant titles of

works


Instructions on RecordingPreferred Titles (6.2.2)

Scope and sources6.2.2.1 – 6.2.2.2

Choosing preferred titles6.2.2.3 – 6.2.2.7

Recording preferred titles6.2.2.8 – 6.2.2.10


Parts of a Work –One Part (6.2.2.9.1)

Same as AACR2 25.6A Follow basic instructions in 6.2.1if

part has its own titlePreferred title for a part of J.R.R.

Tolkien’s The lord of the rings:• Two towers

Record designation if it does notPreferred title for a part of the

television program Seinfeld• Season 3


Parts of a Work –Two or More Parts (6.2.2.9.2) Consecutively numbered, with only a general

designation Same as AACR2 25.6B1

• e.g., preferred title for the first six books of Homer’s Iliad: Book 1–6

Two or more unnumbered or non-consecutively numbered parts Record the preferred title for each of the parts

• e.g., preferred title for a part of Divina commedia in a compilation also comprising the part Paradiso: Purgatorio

But see next slide……….


Two or More PartsLC Policy for the Alternative LC practice (LC-PCC PS 6.2.2.9.2)

“Instead of recording the preferred title for each of the parts, record the conventional collective title Selections as the preferred title for the parts.”

e.g., preferred title for the parts of the work in a compilation comprising books 1 and 6 of Homer’s Iliad

• Selections (becomes Homer. Iliad. Selections in authorized access point)

PCC has no policy currently


Authorized Access Point forPart(s) of a Work (6.27.2) Generally:

preferred title for part(s)preceded by authorized access point

for the creator, if appropriateAuthorized access point for a part of

Tolkien’s The lord of the rings:• Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel),

1892–1973. Two towers But exceptionally (which applies to a

lot of works)…..


Authorized Access Point forPart(s) of a Work – Exceptions

Applies tonon-distinctive titles, certain formats,

and consecutively-numbered parts Instruction

preferred title for part(s)preceded by authorized access point

for the workAuthorized access point for a part of

Homer’s Iliad:• Homer. Iliad. Book 1


Compilations and Collaborations

Important distinction Determines how each is ‘identified’ Compilations

RDA 6.2.2.10 (for one creator’s works)RDA 6.27.1.4 (for different creators’

works) Collaborations

RDA 6.27.1.3


How to Decide? Compilations of one creator are easy,

but… Clues that you have a compilation of

works by different creators: Indication of who created what From the preferred source, table of contents,

preface, program notes, home page, other components in the resource

Assume it is a collaboration if: you have no indication who created what you are in doubt


Multiple Works by One Creator

Are a type of compilation

Identified byCreator+Preferred title


Preferred Title – Compilations of One P - F - CB (6.2.2.10) Has compilation become known by a title?

Not usually But, e.g., Leaves of grass is an example of a

compilation known by a title If not, use a conventional collective title

(doesn’t matter if title proper is distinctive): Complete works = use “Works” Complete works in a single form = use term

chosen by cataloger (e.g., Poems) Other compilations of two or more (but not all)

works in same or different forms = add “Selections” to the conventional collective title


Preferred Title – Compilations of One P - F - CB (cont.)

Major changes from AACR2! Under RDA, catalogers will no longer

need to:Determine if the creator created works only

in a single formDetermine if the title proper of the

compilation is “distinctive” (part of RI 25.10)

Treat compilations of 2 works differently from 3 or more


A2 Example: Compilation of 2Works by the Same CreatorAACR2: use the 1st work as the preferred title

(but this misidentifies the compilation)

100 1# $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005240 10 $a Archbishop’s ceiling245 10 $a Two plays / $c Arthur Miller.505 0# $a The Archbishop’s ceiling --

The American clock.700 12 $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005.

$t American clock.


RDA Example: Compilation of 2 Works by the Same Creator

RDA: apply the alternative to use a conventional collective title

100 1# $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005 240 10 $a Plays. $k Selections 245 10 $a Two plays / $c Arthur Miller. 505 0# $a The Archbishop’s ceiling – The American clock. 700 12 $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005.

$t Archbishop’s ceiling.*700 12 $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005.

$t American clock.

* 2nd 700 not a core requirement but helpful to the user


Multiple Works by Multiple Creators – Compilations vs. Collaborations

Compilation of works by different creatorsPreferred titleNot named by creator because individual

works may have individual creators, but no creator for the whole compilation

CollaborationCreator (principal or first-named)+Preferred title


Preferred Title – Compilationsof Works by Different Creators

Compilation of separate works Identify the compilation by its preferred

title (6.27.1.4) Either …

Title by which the compilation has become known (uncommon), or

The title proper of the manifestation• e.g., Best of Broadway (for a set of five CDs

with selections from original cast recordings of various musicals by various composers)

But see next slide ………


What if Such a CompilationLacks a Collective Title? RDA and LC-PCC PS 25.1

How to treat:1.For the preferred title, use the title proper

of the first work in the compilation, and2.Provide an analytical authorized access

point for the predominant or first work in the compilation, when it represents a substantial part of the resource.

Generally, do not devise a title to use as a preferred title.

• LC does not apply the alternative to 6.27.1.4

A work that is part of a larger work is considered a whole-part “related work”


A2 Example: Compilation of Works by Different Creators (No Collective Title)

100 1# $a Polk, Sharon.240 10 $a Community band concerts245 10 $a Community band concerts / $c

Sharon Polk. Fall harvest festivals / Terri Swanson.

700 12 $a Swanson, Terri. $t Fall harvest festivals.

AACR2: use the 1st authorized access point to identify the whole compilation (but this misidentifies the compilation)


RDA Example: Compilation of Works by Different Creators (No Collective Title)

RDA: use the title proper of the first work as the preferred title (alternative to devise a title is not shown)

245 00 $a Community band concerts / $c Sharon Polk. Fall harvest festivals / Terri

Swanson. 700 12 $a Polk, Sharon. $t Community band

concerts.*700 12 $a Swanson, Terri. $t Fall harvest

festivals.* 2nd 700 not a core requirement but helpful to the user


Collaborative Works –Single Work, Multiple Creators No “rule of 3” like AACR2 21.6C2 Principally-responsible, or first-

named creator Exceptions listed in 6.27.1.3

moving image resourcessome resources involving both

corporate bodies and personssome musical collaborationstreaties


A2 Example: Multiple Creators –No Principal Responsibility

AACR2: enter under title with no 1XX field

245 00 $a Architecture / $c by Susan Brown … [et al.].

700 $a Susan Brown.

Other authors (Melanie Carlson, Stephen Lindell, Kevin Ott, and Janet Wilson) listed on source, but not recorded in 245 and not given access points.


RDA Example: Multiple Creators –No Principal ResponsibilityRDA: precede preferred title by first-named creator

100 $a Brown, Susan. 245 $a Architecture / $c by Susan Brown,

Melanie Carlson, Stephen Lindell, Kevin Ott, and Janet Wilson.

*700 $a Carlson, Melanie.*700 $a Lindell, Stephen.*700 $a Ott, Kevin.*700 $a Wilson, Janet.

*access points for other creators: cataloger judgment (LC-PCC PS 19.3)Note that all names in a statement of responsibility may be transcribed (see RDA 2.4.1.5) without also giving them access points.


Additions to Access Points Representing Works Formulating the Authorized Access

PointStart with preferred titlePrecede by creator, if appropriateAddition(s) to make it distinct

RDA 6.27.1.9Each possible addition discussed in

detail in earlier provisions of chapter 6


Additions to Access Points Representing Works Form of work (6.3) Date of the work (6.4) Place of origin of the work (6.5) Another distinguishing characteristic

of the work (6.6) Additions are given in parentheses

after preferred title

• no priority order• can give more than one if needed


Additions to Access Points –

ExamplesAdvocate (Boise, Idaho)Advocate (Nairobi, Kenya)

distinguish with place

Dublin magazine (1762)Dublin magazine (1965)

distinguish with date

Bulletin (New York State Museum : 1945)Bulletin (New York State Museum : 1976)

use of two qualifiers(corporate body and date)


Variant Access Points for Works6.27.4.1 - 6.27.4.4 General principle: “use a variant title for

the work as the basis for a variant access point.”

Example:Authorized access point for the work

• Dickens, Charles, 1812–1870. Pickwick papers

Variant access point for the work• Dickens, Charles, 1812–1870.

Posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club


MARC Authority Fields for Works

046 Date of work 370 Place of origin of work 380 Form of work 381 Other distinguishing

characteristic of a work 382 Medium of performance 383 Numeric designation of a musical

work 384 Key


Expressions

You must have a work to have an expression of that work!


Expression – the FRBR Entity

‘the way in which a work (the idea in the creator’s mind) is expressed’

through … Language Sound Movement Performance Etc.

Some common types of expressions are abridgements, revisions, translations, and musical arrangements


Identifying the Expression

Authorized access points are used in bibliographic records to identify the expression being cataloged; also in 6XX and 7XX to represent relationships to other expressions

Forms according to RDA chapter 6 Two steps

Name the workAdd expression-level identifying

information


LC Decisions on …How to Identify Expressions

LC-PCC PS 0.6.3 Identify these expressions by adding an

attribute to the authorized access pointMusic resources (6.28.3)Sacred scriptures (6.30.3)Translations and language editions

(6.27.3) PCC policy on access points pending


LC Decisions on …How to Identify Expressions

For other categories, LC will include the expression attributes in other fields in the bibliographic record, e.g.,336 field (Content type)546 field (Language of content)


LC Decisions on …How to Identify Expressions Do not add another characteristic to

differentiate one expression from another e.g., do not differentiate one translation of

Hamlet in French from another French translation

e.g., do not differentiate one arrangement of Berlioz’ Corsaire from another arrangement

Note that some PCC libraries are differentiating multiple expressions in the same language


Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression 6.27 The basis is the authorized access

point for the work Additions as outlined in 6.27.3

Goncourt, Edmond de, 1822–1896. Frères Zemganno. English


Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions content type * (6.9) date of the expression * (6.10) language of the expression * (6.11) another distinguishing characteristic

of the expression * (6.12)

* if needed to differentiate


Content Type Recorded in 336 Field

One is core, but more may be given May give multiple content types

either in repeatable $a of one 336 fieldor in multiple 336 fields

May also use $3 if multiple components and term does not apply to all


Examples of 336 Field(also showing 337-338)

Book or printed text serial:

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

Map:

336 $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 $a sheet $2 rdacarrier


Examples of 336 Field(also showing 337-338)

Book with accompanying CD of lecture: $3 and $e

300 $a 244 pages ... + $e 1 CD336 $3 book $a text $2 rdacontent336 $3 CD $a spoken word $2 rdacontent337 $3 book $a unmediated $2 rdamedia337 $3 CD $a audio $2 rdamedia338 $3 book $a volume $2 rdacarrier338 $3 CD $ audio disc $2 rdacarrier

Instead of 300 $e, can repeat 300 field300 $a 244 pages ...300 $a 1 CD ...

Instead of $e, can give a note500 $a Accompanied by a CD.


Content Attributes Recordedin the MARC 300 Field

Because these elements are related to content, they are covered in RDA Chapter 7, not Chapter 3Duration (7.22)Illustrative Content (7.15)Colour Content (7.17)

300 field is a mix of carrier and content


Content – 300Duration RDA 7.22 “Playing time, running time, etc., of

the content of a resource” MARC 300 $a Use abbreviations per RDA

Appendix B

300 $a 1 audio disc (45 min.)300 $a 1 DVD (2 hr., 15 min.)


Content – 300Illustrative Content

LC CORE ELEMENT for resources intended for children

RDA 7.15 Open list of vocabulary terms Recorded in MARC 008/18 as

applicable and field 300 $b

300 $a 32 pages : $b illustrations 300 $a 300 pages : $b maps, charts


Content – 300Colour Content RDA 7.17 LC-PCC PS 7.17.1.3

Use spelling “color” MARC field 300 $b Term is added to the type of

illustrative content it applies to

300 $a 32 pages : $b color illustrations 300 $a 300 pages : $b maps, charts (some color)


Additions to Access Points for Expressions – Language of Expression RDA 6.11 CORE ELEMENT when needed to

differentiate “language in which a work is expressed” Take from any source Use term(s) from the MARC 21 list of

languages Access point: in subfield $l (not repeatable) Distinguish between:

one expression in more than one language two or more expressions


If One Expression …

One languagegive $l only if a translation

More than one languagedo not give $l unless a translation

100 1# $a Brunhoff, Jean de, $d 1899-1937. 240 10 $a Babar en famille. $l English 245 10 $a Babar and his children.

Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910. Voina i mir.


If Two or More Expressions …Original and One Translation If the manifestation is a compilation of the

original and one translation of the same work record an analytical authorized access point for

the original expression (without $l for the language)

record a separate analytical authorized access point for the translation (with $l for the language)

Examples of AACR2 and RDA on next 2 slides


A2 Example: Two Expressions – Original and One Translation

Original + Spanish translation in the same resourceAACR2

041 1# $a eng $a spa $h eng 100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-240 10 $a Mail carrier. $l Spanish & English245 10 $a Mail carrier = $b El cartero /

$c JoAnn Early Macken.246 31 $a Cartero546 ## $a English and Spanish.


RDA Example: Two Expressions –

Original and One TranslationOriginal + Spanish translation in the same resourceRDA

041 1# $a eng $a spa $h eng100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-245 10 $a Mail carrier = $b El cartero /

$c JoAnn Early Macken.246 31 $a Cartero546 ## $a English and Spanish.700 12 $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-

$t Mail carrier.700 12 $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d 1953-

$t Mail carrier. $l Spanish.


No Longer Use …

“Polyglot” Single subfield with multiple

languagese.g., “French & English”

Instead provide specific information about all the languages of each expression.


Variant Access Points for Expressions (6.27.4.5) May be

based on a variant title of the work associated with a particular expression

a form with a variant of the addition in the authorized access point

Example:Authorized access point for the expression

• Zola, Emile, 1840-1902. Debâcle. EnglishVariant access point for the expression

• Zola, Emile, 1840-1902. Downfall


Contributors (20.2)

“person, family, or corporate body contributing to the realization of a work through an expression”

Editors, translators, illustrators, performers, recording engineers, and others

Expressions of a work are named by the original creator, not the contributor


Relationships

Works may relate to other works Works may relate to expressions Works may relate to creators and/or

some other P-F-CBs Expressions may relate to other

expressions Expressions may relate to contributors And so many more….


Work to Work Relationships May appear in bibliographic or authority

records or both Chapter 25 for instructions; appendix J.2 for

relationship designators May use relationships designators May be expressed by MARC coding

785 indicators 00 displays relationship “Continued by”

• 785 00 $t Journal of professional counseling, practice, theory, & research

May also be explained in notes


RDA Examples: Work to Work Relationships

Bibliographic record:100 $a Harris, Edwin.

245 $a John Jasper's gatehouse.

700 $i Sequel to: $a Dickens, Charles,

$d 1812-1870.$t Mystery of Edwin Drood.

Authority record: 100 $a Harris, Edwin. $t John Jasper's

gatehouse 500 $w r $i Sequel to: $a Dickens, Charles,

$d 1812-1870. $t Mystery of Edwin Drood


Work to Expression Relationships May appear in bibliographic or authority

records or both Chapter 26 for instructions; appendix J.3

for relationship designators May use relationships designators May be expressed by MARC coding

765 indicators 0# displays relationship “Translation of”

• 765 0# $a Brown, Dan, 1964- $t Digital fortress

May also be explained in notes


Creator and Contributor Relationships

Appendix I.2 for P-F-CB associated with a work Appendix I.3 for P-F-CB associated with an

expression Do not use $e in an authority record May have multiple relationship designators for one

P-F-CB in a bibliographic record May mix levels of relationships, i.e., creator and

contributor LC requires only “illustrator” for juvenile resources PCC policy pending


RDA Examples: Creator and Contributor Relationships100 1# $a Wood, Audrey.245 14 $a The napping house / $c Audrey

Wood ; illustrated by Don Wood.700 1# $a Wood, Don, $e illustrator.Note that you can give relationships designators

for some but not all entities

100 $a Dumont, Jean-Francois, $d 1959-

$e author, $e illustrator.

245 $a The chickens build a wall / $c by

Jean-Francois Dumont ; illustrated by

Jean Francois Dumont.

Note that Dumont is a creator and a contributor


Questions?

Identifying Works and Expressions

Documents

work rda

corporate bodies

form of title

related instructions

creatorspreferred title

title proper

knownpreferred title

sourceauthorized access