Identifying and quantifying the hidden sources of recharge and pollutants that deteriorate the water ecology along the lower Jordan River Eilon Adar, Shai Arnon & Sylvie Massoth Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus. Israel 84990 Vienna. April, 13, 2015
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Identifying and quantifying the hidden sources of
recharge and pollutants that deteriorate the
water ecology along the lower Jordan River
Eilon Adar, Shai Arnon
&
Sylvie Massoth
Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research
Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Sede Boqer Campus. Israel 84990
Vienna. April, 13, 2015
Lebanon
Jordan
Syria
Israel
Water Balance: In fluxes and Out fluxes from the Jordan River
Israel:National water carrier
350 MCM
+
80 MCM
Inflows: Upper Jordan river
700 MCM
Jordan
Israel
Inflows: ~700 MCM
Evaporation: 280-300 MCM
The Jordan River basin is a transboundary basin shared by:
Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestinian Authority and Israel.
Yarmuk River
450 MCM
Jordan:
Salt springs carrier
20 MCM
Sea of
Galilee
Dead
Sea
480
Yarmouk River ~450Wadi Arab ~28
Zarka River ~65
~1,300
Historical flow rates (MCM/Y)
Western streams ~200
Limited hydrological and chemical information on the active water
sources contributing to the Jordan basin, limits our understanding of
the Lower Jordan River aquatic processes.
Sewage+ Brines
30
Amman waste water 30-40
Irrigation from east60-70 MCM
King Talal dam
Irrigation from west~30 MCM
D. dam
Adasiya D.
King Abdullah Canal (~150)
30
30-200 MCM
35
Sea of
Galilee
Dead Sea Current flow rates (MCM/Y)
From Perennial River to Dry Stream and Puddles - Massive withdrawal of water
from the Upper Jordan Valley dried the lower Jordan River.
Limited UJR discharge, wastewater effluents and agriculture return flowshave degraded the Jordan River water quality and severely damaged theJordan River ecosystem
Without input from the fresh sources, most of the Lower Jordan stream
relies on hidden natural sources, effluents and return flows from
irrigation.
OBJECTIVE
• Identify and quantify the hidden active water fluxes and
pollutants along the lower Jordan River.
for ecological
evaluation,
Lower Jordan River Basin
Sea of
Galilee
Dead Sea
North
South
Central
Each Source of water is
characterized by a unique
hydro-chemical and isotopic composition
(designated by different color)
Lower Jordan River
Cl and So4 concentration variation along the river
ResultsJordan River and Yarmuk confluence (Cell #4)
Cell Source winter 00-01 summer 01
% of Cell inflow
% diff.% of Cell
inflow% diff.
Cell_4 Gesher 1.60% 3.32%Cell_3 77.3 97.2
W.Surf.Inflow_125Yarmuok River -
Naharayim 22.7 2.93
ResultsImpact of fish ponds (Cell #10)
Sampling stations (south)
JR-53 -Jordan River Input
River input
Cell
Source
Cell-1
Cell-2
Cell-3
Cell-4
Cell-5
Farber et al. 2004
Modeling (south)
May 2000
River input
Cell
S-spring (Sukot)
JR-53
JR-49
JR-47
JR-42
JR-45
JR-51
Results: Jericho – lower Section
Achievements!
A clearer understanding of the active water resources contributing to
the perennial stream of the Jordan River
Water quality deteriorates along the LJR due to anthropogenic
activities (mainly due to discharge wastewater and agriculture return
flow), and from natural saline water bodies.
Identification the portion of freshwater versus contaminated sources
that contribute to the current poor eco-hydrology of the LJR.
Although the relative contribution from shallow groundwater to the
perennial stream is relatively low in winter time, this inflow component
is the major source for nutrients, fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides
into the Jordan River.
In the northern LJR basin, the main sources of marginal water flowing into
the Jordan River are wastewater and agricultural return flow.
In the south, the contribution of saline shallow groundwater increases as
compared to the wastewater and agricultural return flow.
We hope that the ability to define firm hydrological flow pattern of active sources and accurate water fluxes into the Lower Jordan River will help to assess, reclaim, revive and reconstruct the aquatic eco-hydrology of the river.
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