IDENTIFICATION OF VISITORS’ BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE USAGE …

IDENTIFICATION OF VISITORS’ BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE USAGE OF

CANOPY WALKWAY AT KL FOREST ECO – PARK

HASNURA HAZLIN BINTI ABDUL MUTALIB

FH 2019 111

IDENTIFICATION OF VISITORS’ BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE USAGE OF CANOPY WALKWAY AT KL FOREST ECO – PARK

By

HASNURA HAZLIN BINTI ABDUL MUTALIB

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Parks and Recreation Science in the

Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia

2019

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DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my beloved parents, Wan Zainon binti Wan Mohamad and Abdul Mutalib bin Mamat who have been my source of inspiration and also for their continuous moral, spiritual, emotional and financial support. This study also dedicated to my family and friends for their words of advice, encouragement and support to finish this study. Thank you for all the support throughout this study.

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ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for recreation activities in Malaysia shows that people are beginning to be aware about the benefits of recreation either psychologically or physically. However, outdoor recreation activities always pose certain risks that are sometimes ignored by outdoor recreation participants. Due to the fact that the visitors are from different background profiles, they possess different behavior when engaging with recreation activities. The non-compliance behavior of certain group of visitors at this canopy walkway could create potential risk to other visitors. The Forestry Department is yet in the process of enhancing its precaution steps to minimize the potential risks that might occur in the future. This study attempts to determine the level of visitors’ knowledge on the risk awareness when using the canopy walkway at KL Forest Eco-Park. Furthermore, the study also conducted to access the relationship between visitors’ profile and the behavior intention when using the canopy walkway at KL Forest Eco-Park. The study involved 200 respondents, where their level of awareness on risk and behavior intention based on their profile was determined using a self-reported questionnaire. Results showed that the respondents have a medium level of awareness on risk when using the canopy walkway at KL Forest Eco-Park. In particular, visitors’ behavior intentions were influenced by the respondents’ age group, gender, race, nationality and average monthly income. From the study conducted, these background profile shows significance difference in terms of the influencing factor of the behavior intention for non-compliance behavior (running, jumping, blocking and not follow user limit) towards the canopy walkway. Thus, the Forestry Department should take effective steps to control this non-compliance behavior of visitors towards the canopy walkway at KL Forest Eco-Park.

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ABSTRAK

Permintaan yang semakin meningkat untuk aktiviti rekreasi di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa orang ramai mula menyedari akan manfaat rekreasi baik dari segi psikologi ataupun fizikal. Walau bagaimanapun, aktiviti rekreasi luar mempunyai risiko – risiko tertentu yang kadang-kadang diabaikan oleh peserta rekreasi luar. Oleh kerana pelawat datang dari profil yang berbeza, mereka juga mempunyai tingkah laku yang berbeza apabila terlibat dengan sesuatu aktiviti rekreasi. Tingkah laku yang salah sesetengah pelawat di laluan kanopi ini boleh mencetuskan risiko kepada pelawat lain. Walau bagaimanapun, pihak Jabatan Perhutanan masih dalam proses penambahan langkah – langkah untuk mengurangkan risiko yang mungkin terjadi akibat daripada tingkah laku yang salah oleh pelawat di titian silar. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tahap pengetahuan pelawat mengenai kesedaran risiko apabila menggunakan titian silara di Taman Eko Rimba KL. Selain itu, kajian ini juga dijalankan untuk mengakses hubungan antara profil pelawat dan niat tingkah laku mereka apabila menggunakan titian silara di Taman Eko Rimba KL. Kajian ini melibatkan 200 responden, di mana tahap pengetahuan mereka tentang kesedaran risiko dan niat tingkah laku berdasarkan profil mereka ditentukan menggunakan laporan soal selidik. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa responden mempunyai tahap kesedaran sederhana terhadap risiko apabila menggunakan titian silara di Taman Eko Rimba KL. Keputusan juga menunjukkan bahawa niat tingkah laku dipengaruhi oleh kumpulan umur responden, jantina, bangsa, kewarganegaraan dan tahap pendapatan. Berdasarkan kajian yang telah di buat, latar belakang profil responden ini menunjukkan perbezaan signifikasi bagi faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku salah (berlari, melompat, menyekat laluan dan tidak mengikut had pengguna) sewaktu berada di titian silara. Oleh itu, pihak Jabatan Perhutanan perlu mengambil langkah yang berkesan untuk mengawal kelakuan yang salah oleh pelawat di sepanjang titian silara di Taman Eko Rimba KL.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah most beneficent and most merciful, appreciation and gratitude to Allah the almighty for His grace and blessing for giving me the strength to complete this study. My special thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Mohd Hafizal bin Ismail for his support throughout the process of completing this study. Thank you for all the guidance, knowledge, supervision, suggestion, advice and encouragement to make this study complete. My personal appreciation goes to my parents, Wan Zainon binti Wan Mohamad and Abdul Mutalib bin Mamat for all the years of support, love and encouragement. Thanks to my sisters who constantly motivates and support me. I also would like to express my deepest appreciation to my friends Nur Syakirah binti Baharudin, Nurul Nazmira binti Hamid and Iqwan Alif bin Jaafar, whom have giving me support and knowledge that I need in finishing this study. My greatest thanks to all my classmates for their support that kept me motivated throughout the journey of completion. Lastly, I would like to convey my gratitude to those that involved in completing this study especially to the Forestry Department of Federal Territory for their guidance and help in the process of completing this study. May Allah bless all the people involved and contributed in completing this study.

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APPROVAL SHEET I certify that this research project report entitled Identification of Visitors’ Behavior towards the Usage of Canopy Walkway at KL Forest Eco-Park by Hasnura Hazlin binti Abdul Mutalib has been examined and approved as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Park and Recreational Science in the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Dr. Mohd Hafizal bin Ismail Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia (Supervisor) Prof. Dr. Mohamed Zakaria Hussin Dean Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Date:

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APPROVAL SHEET LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ii iii iv v vi ix xi xii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Objectives

7

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theory of Planned Behavior 2.2 Risk 2.3 Facility

8

11 13

3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Sample Size 3.3 Sampling Technique 3.4 Questionnaire Design 3.5 Survey 3.6 Data Analysis Technique

14 16 19 20 23 23

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Respondents’ Socio-Demographic Background 4.1.1 Age of Respondents 4.1.2 Gender of Respondents 4.1.3 Nationality of Respondents 4.1.4 Respondents’ Ethnicity 4.1.5 Respondents’ Marital Status 4.1.6 Average Monthly Income of Respondents 4.1.7 Respondents’ Level of Education 4.2 Respondents’ Visiting Pattern 4.2.1 Accompaniment 4.2.2 Number of People in Group 4.2.3 Frequency of Visits 4.2.4 Days of Visits 4.2.5 Time Spends on Visits 4.2.6 Main Facility Used by Respondents at KLFEP 4.2.7 Main purpose of Visits 4.3 Reliability Analysis: Cronbach’s Alpha

26 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41

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4.4 The Influence of Respondents Socio-Demographic Background towards Respondent’s Behavior at KLFEP 4.5 Influence of Respondents’ Visiting Pattern on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP 4.6 Respondents’ Level of Awareness towards Risk when Using the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

45

50

53

5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Implication of Study 5.3 Recommendation 5.4 Limitation

55 56 57 57

REFERENCES 59 APPENDICES Appendix A: Application Letter for Conducting Research at KLFEP Appendix B: Approval Letter for Conducting Research at KLFEP Appendix C: Questionnaire Appendix D: Distribution of KLFEP Visitors

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

4.1 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Age 27

4.2 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Gender 28

4.3 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Nationality 29

4.4 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Ethnicity 30

4.5 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Marital Status

31

4.6 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Average Monthly Income

32

4.7 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Level of Education

33

4.8 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Accompaniment

34

4.9 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Number of People in Group

35

4.10 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Frequency of Visits

36

4.11 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Days of Visits

37

4.12 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Time Spends on Visits

38

4.13 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Main Facility Used

39

4.14 Distribution of Respondents in KLFEP by Main Purpose of Visits

41

4.15 Cronbach’s Alpha Range Decision 42

4.16 Reliability Analysis for Behavior’s Influencing Factors 43

4.17 Influence of Respondents’ Age Group on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

45

4.18 Influence of Respondents’ Gender on the Respondents’ Non-compliance Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

46

4.19 Influence of Respondents’ Nationality on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

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4.20 Influence of Respondents’ Ethnicity on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

48

4.21 Influence of Respondents’ Average Monthly Income on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

49

4.22 Influence of Respondents’ Level of Education on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

50

4.23 Influence of Respondents’ Accompaniment on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

51

4.24 Influence of Respondents’ Frequency of Visits on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

51

4.25 Influence of Respondents’ Day of Visits on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

52

4.26 Influence of Time Spends on Visits on the Respondents’ Behavior towards the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

53

4.27 Respondents’ Level of Awareness towards Risk when Using the Canopy Walkway at KLFEP

54

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

2.1 Theory of Planned Behavior 9

2.2 Types of Risk 12

3.1 Location Map of KLFEP, Kuala Lumpur 16 3.2 Formula for Determining Sample Size 17

3.3 Krejcie and Morgan Sample Size Table 18

3.4 Systematic Random Sampling Formula 20

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ANOVA Analysis of Variance SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science KLFEP KL Forest Eco-Park

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Nowadays, the demands for recreation activities are increasing among the

Malaysians. Based on Cousineau (1995), there is a joint project between the

Canadian Association of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation

(CAHPER) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA),

undertaken to assist Malaysia in its efforts to strengthen its human resources

in the areas of physical education, sports, fitness and recreation. This shows

that the government realizes about the increasing demands for recreation

activity and trying to provide the best resource to meet the increasing

demand. Based on Aman as cited in Aman, Fauzee & Mohamed, (2011),

there is no single word in the Malay language that could be translated as

recreation. However, most Malaysians understand recreation as ‘outdoor

recreation’, ‘take five’ or ‘have a break’ within work time (Aman et al, 2011).

Veal (2004) cited the Countryside Recreation Research Advisory Group that

defined recreation as is any pursuit engaged upon during leisure time, other

than pursuits to which people are normally ‘highly committed’ (optional

shopping, overtime, secondary work, further education, car maintenance,

homework, child care, religion and politics.

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Based on Bell as cited in Bell, Tyrvainen, Sievanen, Probstl & Simpson

(2007), the history of outdoor recreation started since many centuries ago,

mainly the served of social elites who engaged in hunting, then along with

development of the urban middle classes who visited the seaside and

mountainous areas using the developing railway network to the modern car-

borne mass recreation to many destinations. The forest, coast, lakes, rivers,

mountain and other spectacular scenery that is nowadays designated as a

national park or similarly protected have been the place associated with

outdoor recreation (Bell et al, 2017). The participant are either from elders,

adults, adolescents and also children in outdoor recreation are increasing as

they start to realize the benefits of outdoor recreation participation such as

maintaining the physical health and also the physiological treatment gained

by recreational experience (Mohd Sidi & Mohd Radzi, 2017).

However, the increasing demand for recreation has become slightly out of

control for the park manager in term of resource degradation and visitor

conflicts. Since the outdoor recreation participants are from different profiles,

they also possess different behavior when engaging with recreation activity.

Instead of following the rules and regulations set by the park, some visitors

refuse to follow these rules. This is maybe because some of the rules are too

bother to them. For example, a lot of visitors bring along coffee and food in

foam containers when going up the Mount Phu Chi Fa, Chiang Rai but leave

the trash scattered around (Chiang Rai Times, 2018). In addition, there is

also a report on Lalbagh, India which being polluted on account of

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indiscriminate throwing of garbage containing eatable and other waste

materials (Ambarish, 2018). Besides that, there is also news about police are

trying to find the persons who vandalized Frear Park, Troy which has torn up

the golf course area (News Channel Thirteen, 2018).

The non-compliant behaviors among the visitor not only become the problem

to the park manager, but it can also disturb the other visitor which gives them

unsatisfied recreation experience. This problem needs full incorporate from

all sides either park manager or even the government as if not fully

understand, it will become worst which later can give impact to the country.

The tourism sector will greatly suffer from the non-compliant behavior of

visitors as the country recreation management will be seen as lacking and

not properly enforced.

1.2 Problem Statement

Based on Randale and Hoye (2016), the non-compliant behaviors of visitors

who violate protective regulations such as walking off-trail become the main

problem faced by management at national parks. Moreover, this non-

compliant behavior is not just damaging the resource but exposing

themselves and other users at risk such as injuries and death (Goh, Ritchie &

Wang, 2017). Based on Mohamed, Afandi, Ramachandran, Shuib and

Kunasekaran (2018), the average age of visitors that likes to engage with the

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adventure tourism (risky activities) is 33 years with a monthly income of RM

3638.72. These visitors profile is believed to more likely to engage with non-

compliant behavior than other visitors. These visitors’ non-compliant behavior

was influenced by their important reference groups in going off-trail and

expectations were generated from important others to go off-trail (Goh et al,

2017). Based on Espiner (2001), visitors tend to assess the natural setting

rather intuitively suggest that the pursuit of nature-based activities is

associated with a sense of freedom and choice.

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is an alternative approach to

understand and predicting visitors’ behavior (Ajzen, 2015). Based on TPB,

when visitors are faced with the decision whether to perform a risky behavior

or not, they form an attitude towards the behavior, which may be positive or

negative nature (Gstaettner, Rodger & Lee, 2017). Dickson (2012) suggests

that participation in risky activities only makes sense when individuals expect

to gain benefits and to experience hormonal arousal such as excitement and

thrill. The background factors such as demographic characteristics (age,

gender, race, religion, education, income, etc.), personality traits, general

attitudes and life values, intelligence, emotions, and others also indirectly

influenced the intentions and behavior of visitors (Azjen, 2015). Moreover,

Barlow, Woodman and Hardy (2013) suggested that this behavior may be

influenced by the need for skills or competence development.

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The KL Forest Eco-Park (KLFEP) main attraction or the highlight of this place

is the 200m canopy walk suspended 21m above the ground surrounded by

some of the city’s familiar skyline (Mustapha, 2017). This main attraction

receives many visitors everyday which each of the visitors possess different

types of behavior when using the facility at the KLFEP. However, due to its

high demand, the non-compliant behavior of visitors could bring high risk. For

example, there is still some visitor do littering especially throwing garbage

under the canopy walkway (Ara, personal communication, 2018). The

number of garbage bin available around the park is not enough for such a big

park. Moreover, there are couple doing indecent behavior like kissing in

some of the hidden corners of the eco-park (Ara, personal communication,

2018). This shows that the monitoring system around the park is still lacking

and this has led to the cause of these behaviors. In addition, some of the

visitors (especially kids and teenagers) have been observed running along

the canopy walkway which makes it inconvenient to the other visitors

(Mutalib, personal communication, 2018). The canopy walkway is not width

enough to enables more than 2 persons to walk side by side. The school

group that comes here sometimes blocks the way along the canopy walkway

as they move in group and also spend a long time to take picture (Mutalib,

personal communication, 2018).

This risky behavior is not only happening in KLFEP but almost all the familiar

areas that involve high element structure such as the canopy walkway. This

structure is supposed to enhance the visitor experience by viewing the forest

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landscape from a different angle. However, some non-compliant behavior

has made a bad experience to other visitors. For example, Wu Yongning died

after falling from a 62-storey building in the city of Changsa while performing

one of his trademark daredevil skyscraper stunts (BBC, 2017). K.

Mathivanan, one of the pupils that have been rescued from the Kampar

bridge tragedy said that before the bridge collapsed, the bridge was shaking

because some of the pupils were playing and jumping when crossing the

bridge (mStar, 2009). These examples show how the non-compliant behavior

of the users brings high risk to the KLFEP.

Hence, there is a need to understand these current behaviors and suggesting

some solution for Forestry Department to control the user behavior in the

future. This study intends to investigate the factors that lead to this behavior

and to gather some overview from visitors’ perception of this behavior. The

results are expected to enhance some knowledge to the Forestry Department

in designing strategies to control this non-compliant behavior.

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1.3 Objective of Study

The objectives of this study are:

a. To identify the level of visitors’ awareness towards the risk in using the

canopy walkway at KLFEP.

b. To access the relationship between visitors’ profile and the behavior

intention when using the canopy walkway at KLFEP.

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