Identification and digitization of instrumental climate data Identification and digitization of instrumental climate data from from Catalan documentary sources (18th - 21th centuries) Catalan documentary sources (18th - 21th centuries) Marc Prohom, Mònica Herrero and Anna Rius Marc Prohom, Mònica Herrero and Anna Rius Area of Climatology – Meteorological Service of Catalonia Area of Climatology – Meteorological Service of Catalonia
14
Embed
Identification and digitization of instrumental climate data from Catalan documentary sources (18th - 21th centuries) Marc Prohom, Mònica Herrero and Anna.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Identification and digitization of instrumental climate data from Identification and digitization of instrumental climate data from Catalan documentary sources (18th - 21th centuries)Catalan documentary sources (18th - 21th centuries)
Marc Prohom, Mònica Herrero and Anna RiusMarc Prohom, Mònica Herrero and Anna RiusArea of Climatology – Meteorological Service of CataloniaArea of Climatology – Meteorological Service of Catalonia
Introduction: what is the SMC?Introduction: what is the SMC?
The Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC) was established in 2001 as a public entity of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Autonomous Government), thus recovering the former SMC that had been very active during the period 1921-1939. Nowadays it is organized into five different areas:
Applied Researchand Modelitzation
Forecasting
Climatology Info. Technologyand Communications
Administration
Among the main functions of the Area of Climatology the law of meteorology quotes:
• To maintain the meteorological data base of Catalonia.
• To promote investigational activities with regards to meteorology and climatology and to support the development of related products and services.
The projectThe project
Keeping in mind the main objectives of the area, during the last two years a project of Identification, cataloguing and digitization of instrumental climate data from Catalan documentary sources, encompassing the period between 18th century and the present, has been initiated.
The climatic information available is already incomplete due to two main reasons:
• at the end of the 19th century and during the first decades of the 20th century, the meteorological observation in Catalonia was not regulated by a unique meteorological office but by a wide range of public and private institutions or, even, individual observers, and,
• as a result of the dramatic political circumstances that our country suffered during the 20th century (especially the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939), many of the climatic information generated since then was destroyed, lost or scattered all over the territory.
MethodologyMethodology
1. To analyze the climatic documentary sources, identifying as many as possible meteorological stations or observatories, and the meteorological series associated to these sites.
2. To create a database of the metadata for each of the sites detected: METADEM.
3. To construct a database of the series associated to each one of the meteorological sites (temperature and precipitation): BDSCLIM.
4. Quality control and homogeneity analysis of the series.At present the SMC is involved in the COST Action ES0601: Advances in Homogenisation Methods of Climate Series: An integrated Approach (HOME)
To identify new
sources
To cataloguethose sources
Climatic dataBDSCLIM
MetadataMETADEM
Analysis of homogeneity
Qualitycontrol
To extract the climatic
information
Sources of climatic information Sources of climatic information analysedanalysed
Until now (2007) four different sources have been analysed:
Source 1: The National Database from the Spanish Meteorological Office
Source 2: The database of the former Meteorological Service of Catalonia
Source 3: The Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona (RACAB) and the Royal Academy of Medicine (RAM)
Source 4: A set of bibliographic sources: bulletins of different institutions and climatic atlas.
Source 1Source 1: : The National database of the The National database of the Spanish Meteorological officeSpanish Meteorological office
• This source consists of two great datasets:
• Digitized data:
Evolution of the number of precipitation series over Catalonia
(each colour is a geographical region)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1895
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Pir+prep Occ Pir+prep Ori Ponent Prelit i lit sud
Prelit i lit nord Prelit i lit central Cat. Central
836 precipitation series484 thermometric seriesMainly for the period (1910-2006)Daily resolution
• Scanned precipitation cards:
An example of a rainfall card (1922)
Source 2Source 2: : The former Meteorological The former Meteorological Service of Catalonia (1921-1939)Service of Catalonia (1921-1939)
This source not only contains climatic information of the period in which the former SMC was active, but material provided by previous institutions (1895-1921). This material is now digitized thanks to this project:
The first Meteorological Network of Catalonia and the Balearics (1895-1905, aprox). The rainfall network of Catalonia coordinated by the Catalan Observatory (1905-1911,
aprox.) The Astronomical Society of Barcelona (1910-1921) The first Catalan Meteorological Service (1921-1939)
Observation diary of Mataró (April 1899)Rainfall stations network (1914)
Source 3Source 3: : The Academies of Medicine The Academies of Medicine and the Sciences and Artsand the Sciences and Arts
Identification and catalogue of that entries with
climatic value (RACAB)
Royal Academyof Sciences and
Arts of Barcelona
Royal Academy of Medicine
Great scientific activity (from 18th
century)
Important
archivesScanning and digitization of
the meteorological observations
made in Barcelona by
Dr. Salvà (1780-1826)
Source 3Source 3: : The Academies of Medicine The Academies of Medicine and the Sciences and Artsand the Sciences and Arts
First page of the meteorological observations made by Dr.
Salvà.
January 1780
The METADEMThe METADEM
The metadata information of each site detected and extracted from these sources is introduced in the METADEM (Database of Metadata)
Observers Locationdescription
Geographicalinformation
Who is/was in charge?
Temperatureobservations:
period covered,screens used,instruments,
units,documentary
sources,...
Precipitationobservations:
instruments used, documentary
sources
Additionalinformation
First improvements of the projectFirst improvements of the project
a. New data has been detected and incorporated to the database.
Temporal coverage has been improved: for the period previous the Spanish Civil War, 150 new thermopluviometric series have been identified and 200 series has now a wider temporal coverage.
Number of series per decade before the project (in grey) and after the project (in green). Period 1860-2004.
PRECIPITATION
Daily Monthly
TEMPERATURE
Daily
First improvements of the projectFirst improvements of the project
• Evolution of the spatial coverage
Meteorological sites previous to the project New meteorological sites detected (blue) Meteorological sites that has a wider temporal coverage (green)
Quality control and homogeneity Quality control and homogeneity testingtesting
A quality control process has been defined, according to the bibliography. Every series is analysed looking for erroneous or doubtful data.
Results of the quality control for the maximum and minimum temperature series of the Ebre
Observatory.
The final homogeneity testing process will be defined following the conclusions of the COST action HOME.
Work in progress...Work in progress...
During the next years we will focus on the following items:
• Quality control and homogeneity testing of the series.
• Incorporation of the rest of meteorological variables.
• Finishing with the analysis of the documentary batches from the former SMC, paying attention to photographic material and correspondence to complete with our metadata knowledge.
• Carrying on with the identification of new sources (local and county archives).
• Analysis of a likely useful source: the written press.