THIS IS CERTAINLY OUR FUTURE if we do not ACT NOW 1
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THIS IS CERTAINLY OUR FUTURE if we do not ACT NOW
DIGDIG FAULTRUNNING THROUGH
WESTERN IFUGAO PROVINCE
IFUGAO
IFUGAO
CATEGORY 3 & 4TYPHOONSStructural failure of some buildings. Complete roof failures on many buildings.
During earthquakes
• Well-built buildings suffer slight damage
• Poorly built structures suffer severe damage
• Hillsides might crack if the ground is wet
DIGDIG FAULT
NEW IGH LOCATION
WHAT DOES THESE MEAN?
THESE ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE!
MISSING SUPPORT
EMBEDDED PAPER
IGH
IGH IGH
INSUFFICIENT CONCRETE COVER ON “BARIKIS” THAT ARE NOT TIED WITH 135 DEGREES HOOKS…
MAY END UP LIKE THIS!
IGH
NOT THIS WAY!THIS WAY!
IGH
CONSTRUCTION JOINTSAT THIS POINT OF HIGH STRESS…
CAN RESULT TO THIS DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
IGH
THESE NON-MONOLITHICALLY POURED CONCRETE CORBELS CAN NOT HOLD THE RAFTERS!
Chipped, Drilled, welded… IGH
IGH
IGH
IGH
IGH. . . & superimposed
AN EARTHQUAKE CAN LEAD TO THIS!
WATERY MIX = LOW STRENGTH CONCRETE
GOOD ENOUGH FOR THIS STRUCTURE
IGH
IGH
USING RIVETS INSTEAD OF THE SPECIFIED FASTENERS MEANS BLOWN AWAY ROOFS DURING A CATEGORY 3 & 4 TYPHOON
TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERSUPPER GROUND FLOOR (PHASE 1)
BEAMS FAILED (1450 psi, 1950 psi)
SLAB 1 (2051 psi)
SLAB 2 (2574 psi)
REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550
TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS II.
SLAB 3 (2571 psi)
SECOND FLOOR (PHASE 1)
REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550
TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS III.ROOF FRAME (PHASE 2)
BEAM (1450 psi)
BEAM (1350 psi)
BEAM (1800 psi)
REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550
PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL WORK COVERAGE:
All
CONCRETE GUTTER
SUPERIMPOSEDCORBEL
SUPERIMPOSEDCORBEL
PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN INFRACTIONS:
SUBSTANDARD STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS (COLUMNS, BEAMS, STIFFENERS)IMPROPER CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS ON BEAMS/STIFFENERS
CHANGE OF DESIGN OF CONCRETE GUTTER
SUPERIMPOSEDCORBEL
PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN INFRACTIONS:
CHANGE OF ROOF DESIGN
PHASE 2 CONTRACT DESIGN INFRACTIONS:
BADLY TIED “BARIKIS” ON COLUMNS+ EMBEDDED PAPER & WOOD + WRONG CONSTRUCTION JOINTS + NON-MONOLITHIC “BUHOS” + WEAK CONCRETE STRENGTH+ POORLY FASTENED ROOFING+ VIOLATION OF BUILDING CODES
Disaster=
A HOSPITAL IS A BUILDING THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO POST-EARTHQUAKE OR DISASTER RESPONSE AND THEREFORE MUST HAVE:
• Very low risk of earthquake induced- collapse
• Low risk that the building or structure will be damaged sufficiently to impair use in post-earthquake response and recovery efforts
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE NOW?
1. A THOROUGH ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURE
2. IMMEDIATE AND PROPER REMEDIES (DEMOLISH WHAT CAN NOT BE SAVED, RETROFIT WHAT CAN BE FIXED, REDESIGN WHAT NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED)
3. STRICT COMPLIANCE TO CODES AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
4. FUND SUPPORT
5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MONITORING THE IMPLEMENTATION
WHO ALLOTS FUNDS FOR THE IGH?
- THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH THROUGH THE HEALTH FACILITIES ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (HFEP) WHICH WILL END IN 2015
WHO INFORMS THE DOH ON THE NEEDS OF THE IGH?- THE GOVERNOR, FROM THE PLGU’S PLANS, PROGRAM OF WORKS AND REPORTS
SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
WHO NEGOTIATES WITH DOH ON FUNDING?- THE CONGRESSMAN AIDED BY GROUND INFORMATION FROM THE GOVERNOR/PLGU
WHO WILL HANDLE FUTURE WORKS OF THE PROJECT? - THE DPWH (DBM CIRCULAR 551 JANUARY 2, 2014)
WHO SHALL SUPERVISE THE NEXT PHASES?- THE DPWH, BEING THE IMPLEMENTOR,
SHALL SUPERVISE
CAN THE PUBLIC MONITOR THE PROJECT?
- YES, ACCREDITED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CAN NOW MONITOR AND PARTICIPATE IN:• PROJECT IDENTIFICATION• BUDGETING PROCESS• PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES• CONSTRUCTION, AND • POST EVALUATION OF PROJECTS
OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
1. RECOMMENDATION From ICW and Ifugao Professionals:
“…re-analyze the entire structure with a finite element program using the concrete test results and identify failing structural components. If too many components are failing, normally at beam-column connections, I would introduce bracing. Bracing can compromise functionality and aesthetics but “Safety is Number One”. Columns in a braced system would be spared most of the bending stresses from earthquake and wind. They participate as axial members with stresses more uniformly dispersed in their cross section thus greatly reducing stress concentrations. Where flexural members (beams and slabs) are still overstressed with bracings in place, there are a number of solutions including what I described above. With the lowered ultimate strengths used in the analysis, it may become possible to use CRFP to reduce stresses below those strengths if close enough though I would limit its possible use to beams because of the stringent quality controls required that may be difficult to maintain over wide slab areas…” – Arthur Butic, Structural Engineer, USA
From ICW and Ifugao Professionals:
“…use thick steel plates all sides welded full height of the columns gunite* with high strength cement to fill up the gap between plates & column….(this) will straighten out the column perpendicularly on center though the column will be bigger in size. YOU CANNOT RETROFIT A VERY WEAK CONCRETE STRUCTURE WITH CFRP. ” – Manny Dulnuan, Engineer USA
*GUNITE - a cement-sand mortar that is sprayed onto formwork, walls, or rock by a compressed air ejector giving a very dense strong concrete layer: used to repair reinforced concrete
IGH MAIN BUILDING AT “SAFE DISTANCE”
NATURAL STORM WATER DRAINAGE “GOHANG, KULU”
2. RECOMMENDATION: ON LOCATION
RECOMMENDATION: BUILD PROPER STORM DRAIN CHANNELS TO PREVENT SCOURING OF SURROUNDINGS
Note to neighbors & LGU: no settlement must be built along this natural drain
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3. FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
-DPWH as implementor of next phases to consult the Designers
-MOA provisions to include civil society groups to monitor the project
-Ammend R.A. 9184 or update IRR to include specific guidelines on Phased Projects
Merry Christmas!May God grant the Immipuggo good health, peace,
more blessings and wisdom in the new year