ICTJ ELSHAM Indonesia Papua 2012 English

7/31/2019 ICTJ ELSHAM Indonesia Papua 2012 English

1/36

Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t ict ^tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg`

^k` \jw~ ^kj~

Kjw Bc~ \jww`n?Kpmjb Thak~w Yhcfj~hcbw hb \j|pj

D`ict` jbn Ji~`t T`ictmjwh

Opb` 4


2/36

Gcy`t? J \j|pjb yhg~hm wkcqw nhjtx `b~th`w itcm

:898& qk`b k` qjw n`~jhb`n jbn ~tjbw|ct~`n ~c Ojyj

d`ict` ~k` Jg~ ci It`` Gkchg`" HG^O


3/36

qqq"hg~o"cta hhh

Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t

ict tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg`

^k` \jw~ ^kj~ Kjw Bc~ \jww`n? Kpmjb Thak~w Yhcfj~hcbw hb \j|pj


^k` \jw~ ^kj~

Kjw Bc~ \jww`n?

Kpmjb Thak~w Yhcfj~hcbw hb \j|pj



4/36

qqq"hg~o"cta hy





Jgebcqf`na`m`b~w

^k` Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t ict ^tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg` jbn +HGÔ( jbn ~k` Hbw~h~p~` ci

Kpmjb Thak~w W~pnh`w jbn Jnycgjgx +@FWKJM( jgebcqf`na`w ~k` gcb~thdp~hcbw

ci Mj~~k`q @jw~cb& _jbntj Mjmdtjwjt& I`ttx Mjthwjb& Occw~ Qhff`m Mhthbc&

Ncmhbaajw Bjth& Njbh`f Tjncbaeht& Jh`wk Tpmdèqjb& Mj~khpw Tpmdtj|pe& W`m

Tpmdtjt& Jbnx ^jahkpmj& jbn Ajfpk Qjbnh~j hb |t`|jthba ~khw |j|`t" @nh~cthjf

wp||ct~ qjw jfwc |tcyhn`n dx ^cbx Itjbghw& J~hejk Bptjhbh& Bjbgx Wpbjtbc& Ncnh

Xpbhjt& N`qh Xpth& jbn Wth F`w~jth Qjkxpbhbatc`m" T`w`jtgk ict ~khw ncgpm`b~q`t` wp||ct~`n dx Gjbjnj Ipbn"

^khw ncgpm`b~ kjw d``b |tcnpg`n qh~k ~k` bjbghjf jwwhw~jbg` ci ~k` @ptc|`jb

Pbhcb" ^k` gcb~`b~w ci ~khw ncgpm`b~ jt` ~k` wcf` t`w|cbwhdhfh~x ci HGÔ jbn

@FWKJM jbn gjb pbn`t bc ghtgpmw~jbg`w d` tàjtn`n jw t`ffl`g~hba ~k` |cwh~hcb

ci ~k` @ptc|`jb Pbhcb"

Jdcp~ ~k` Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t ict ^tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg`

HGÔ qctew ~c jwwhw~ wcgh`~h`w hb tàjhbhba kpmjbh~x hb ~k` qje` ci mjwwhy`

kpmjb thak~w jdpw`w" Q` |tcyhn` `{|`t~ ~`gkbhgjf jnyhg`& |cfhgx jbjfxwhw& jbn

gcm|jtj~hy` t`w`jtgk cb ~tjbwh~hcbjf opw~hg` j||tcjgk`w& hbgfpnhba gthmhbjf

|tcw`gp~hcbw& t`|jtj~hcbw hbh~hj~hy`w& ~tp~k w`èhba jbn m`mctx& jbn hbw~h~p~hcbjf

tìctm" Ict mct` hbictmj~hcb& yhwh~ qqq"hg~o"cta"

Jdcp~ @FWKJM \j|pj

@FWKJM +Hbw~h~p~` ci Kpmjb Thak~w W~pnh`w jbn Jnycgjgx(& `w~jdfhwk`n cb Mjx

0& :88;& qctew ~c |tcmc~` kpmjb thak~w |thbgh|f`w jbn gt`j~` gth~hgjf jqjt`b`ww

cb ~k` yjfp`w ci n`mcgtjgx jbn kpmjb thak~w hb \j|pj" @FWKJM gcbnpg~w

mcbh~cthba& hby`w~haj~hcb& jbn jnycgjgx cb kpmjb thak~w hwwp`w"

HWDB? 81;-9-;

Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t ict ^tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg` 4


5/36


6/36

qqq"hg~o"cta yh





Jddt`yhj~hcbw jbn Jgtcbxmw

JDTH Jbaej~jb D`tw`boj~j T`|pdfhe Hbncb`whj +Hbncb`whjb Jtm`n

Ictg`w(

Djdhbwj Dhb~jtj |`mdhbj n`wj +yhffja`-f`y`f wcfnh`t(

Dthmcd Dthajn` mcdhf +Mcdhf` Dthajn` ci Hbncb`whjb \cfhg`(

N\T\ N`qjb \`tqjehfjb Tjexj~ \j|pj +\j|pj \tcyhbghjf

\jtfhjm`b~(

@FWKJM F`mdjaj W~pnh Kje Jwjwh Mjbpwhj +Hbw~h~p~` ict Kpmjb

Thak~w W~pnx jbn Jnycgjgx(

HGÔ Hb~`tbj~hcbjf G`b~`t ict ^tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg`

Ecmbjw KJM Ecmhwh Bjwhcbjf Kje Jwjwh Mjbpwhj +Hbncb`whjb Bj~hcbjf

Kpmjb Thak~w Gcmmhwwhcb(

Ecmbjw \`t`m|pjb Ecmhwh Bjwhcbjf Jb~h Eè`tjwjb ~`tkjnj| \`t`m|pjb+Bj~hcbjf Gcmmhwwhcb cb Yhcf`bg` Jajhbw~ Qcm`b(

Ec|jwwpw Ecmjbnc \jwpejb Ekpwpw +Hbncb`whjb W|`ghjf Ictg`w

Gcmmjbn(

Ect`m Ecmjbnc T`wct~ Mhfh~`t+Wpdtàhcbjf Mhfh~jtx Gcmmjbn(

M\T Mjo`fhw \`tmpwxjqjtj~jb Tjexj~ +\`c|f`w Gcbwpf~j~hy`

Jww`mdfx ct P||`t Kcpw` ci \jtfhjm`b~(

MT\ Mjo`fhw Tjexj~ \j|pj +\j|pjb \`c|f`w Gcpbghf(

C\M Ctajbhwjwh \j|pj M`tnèj +It`` \j|pj Ctajbhj~hcb(

\`|`tj \`b`b~pjb \`bnj|j~ Tjexj~ +Jg~ ci It`` Gkchg`(

\EH \jt~jh Ecmpbhw Hbncb`whj +Gcmmpbhw~ \jt~x ci Hbncb`whj(

^J\ M\T E`~`~j|jb Mjo`fhw \`tmpwxjqjtj~jb Tjexj~ +T`wcfp~hcb ci

~k` P||`t Kcpw` ci \jtfhjm`b~(

^BH ^`b~jtj Bjwhcbjf Hbncb`whj +Hbncb`whjb Bj~hcbjf Jtmx(

^TG ^tp~k jbn T`gcbghfhj~hcb Gcmmhwwhcb

PB^@J Pbh~`n Bj~hcbw ^`m|ctjtx @{`gp~hy` Jp~kcth~x

P\>D Pbh~ \`tg`|j~jb \`mdjbapbjb nh \j|pj njb \j|pj Djtj~

+Pbh~ ict ~k` Jgg`f`tj~hcb ci N`y`fc|m`b~ hb \j|pj jbn

Q`w~ \j|pj(

_h|pt _`bh ~`m|pt+gcmdj~ `bahb``tw pbh~(


7/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :





@{`gp~hy` Wpmmjtx

Ih~x x`jtw j~`t ~k` Np~gk gcfcbx c B`~k`tfjbnw B`q Aphb`j gjm` pbn`t Hbncb`whjwjp~kcth~x hb :894& mjbx \j|pjbw gcb~hbp` ~c n`mjbn opw~hg`& jggcpb~jdhfh~x& jbnhbn`|`bn`bg` tcm Hbncb`whj" Hb 4D hw mcn`f`n cb j whmhfjt dcnx ~kj~ c|`tj~`n nht`g~fx pbn`t ~k` |t`whn`b~ ~c hm|f`m`b~ |cw~-~wpbjmh

t`gcbw~tpg~hcb hb ~k` |tcyhbg` ci Jg`k" \t`whn`b~hjf N`ghwhcb Bc" 99 ci 4


8/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 4





|jw~ jbn |t`w`b~ `{|`th`bg`w c kpmjb thak~w yhcfj~hcbw" Yhg~hmw jbn qh~b`ww`w gcb~hbp` ~cnhw~tpw~ ~k` acy`tbm`b~ jbn `bnpt` `mc~hcbjf ~tjpmj jbn jgp~` m`mcth`w c |jw~ yhcf`bg`"

Pbf`ww ~k`w` ath`yjbg`w jt` bc~ cbfx t`gcabh`n& dp~ jfwc jnnt`ww`n hb j |tjg~hgjf qjx&t`gcbghfhj~hcb gcpfn t`mjhb `fpwhy`"J gcm|t`k`bwhy` ~tjbwh~hcbjf opw~hg` w~tj~`ax gcpfn|tcyhn` jb ``g~hy` t`nt`ww& jbn wkcpfn hbgfpn` ~tp~k-w``ehba& gthmhbjf jggcpb~jdhfh~x&t`|jtj~hcbw& hbw~h~p~hcbjf t`ctm ~c |t`y`b~ t`gptt`bg` c kpmjb thak~w yhcfj~hcbw& jbn j cgpwcb ~k` thak~w c hbnha`bcpw qcm`b" T`gcmm`bnj~hcbw jt` c`t`n j~ ~k` `bn c ~khw |j|`t"


9/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 7





H" Hb~tcnpg~hcb0

Hbncb`whjw jw~`tb-mcw~ |tcyhbg`w c \j|pj jbn Q`w~ \j|pj jt` ~kbhgjffx jbn khw~cthgjffxnhw~hbg~ tcm ~k` t`w~ c ~k` gcpb~tx jbn |cww`ww bj~ptjf t`wcptg`w wpgk jw acfn& ~hmd`t& jbnchf" ^`w` |tcyhbg`w +gcff`g~hy`fx t``tt`n ~c hb ~khw |j|`t jw \j|pj( jt` ~k` wh~` c whabhgjb~gcb~hbphba gcbhg~ jbn nhwgcb~`b~" Qk`b ~k` Np~gk acy`tbm`b~ t`gcabh`n Hbncb`whjwhbn`|`bn`bg` hb :8>8& ~k` ~`tth~ctx c \j|pj qjw bc~ hbgfpn`n qh~khb ~k` dctn`tw c ~k`b`q gcpb~tx jbn t`mjhb`n pbn`t Np~gk jp~kcth~x pb~hf h~ qjw ~tjbw`tt`n ~c Hbncb`whjbgcb~tcf hb :894 jw |jt~ c jb jat``m`b~ dtce`t`n dx ~k` PB& qh~k ~k` t`zpht`m`b~ ~kj~ jt``t`bnpm cb w`f-n`~`tmhbj~hcb ~je` |fjg` hb :898"9

Itcm ~k` `jtfx :89


10/36

qqq"hg~o"cta >





HH" M`~kcncfcax

Ih`fn t`w`jtgk qjw gcbnpg~`n hb cpt jt`jw? Wctcba& Mjbceqjth& Dhje& jbn \jbhjh& tcmOjbpjtx ~c W`|~`md`t 4


11/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 0





HHH" ^k` tjbwh~hcbjf Opw~hg` Itjm`qcte

tjbwh~hcbjf opw~hg` w`èw t`gcabh~hcb ct yhg~hmw jbn j~~`m|~w ~c jgkh`y` |`jg`&t`gcbghfhj~hcb& jbn n`mcgtjgx dx w~t`ba~k`bhba jggcpb~jdhfh~x ct w`thcpw gthm`w& |thmjthfx~ktcpak ~k` cffcqhba m`gkjbhwmw?

tp~k-w`èhba" @ct~w ~c `w~jdfhwk j khw~cthgjf t`gctn cb kpmjb thak~w yhcfj~hcbw gjb ~je`|fjg` cighjffx ct pbcighjffx ~ktcpak ~tp~k gcmmhwwhcbw& gcmmhwwhcbw c hbzphtx& gcff`g~hcbc ctjf khw~cth`w& fcgj~hba mjww atjy`w& jbn c~k`t m`gkjbhwmw" ^` cdo`g~hy` c ~tp~k-w`èhbam`jwpt`w hw ~c aj~k`t hbctmj~hcb jdcp~ |jw~ jdpw`w jbn ~c |pdfhgfx jgebcqf`na` qkj~kj||`b`n& qkx& jbn kcq ~kcw` `y`b~w j`g~`n |`c|f`"

Opnhghjf |tcg``nhbaw" Gthmhbjf jggcpb~jdhfh~x gjb pfff n`mjbnw ct opw~hg` dx yhg~hmwjbn n`~`t p~pt` jdpw`w" Jggcpb~jdhfh~x mjx jfwc d` `w~jdfhwk`n ~ktcpak bcbgthmhbjf|tcg``nhbaw& wpgk jw ghyhf wph~w" Gthmhbjf opw~hg` |tcg`ww`w gjb d` |ptwp`n ~ktcpak ncm`w~hgct hb~`tbj~hcbjf hbw~h~p~hcbw"

T`|jtj~hcbw" T`|jtj~hcbw t`gcabh` ~k` fcww jbn |jhb ~kj~ yhg~hmw kjy` wp`t`n& t`|jht ~k```g~w c |jw~ jdpw`w& jbn k`f| ~c t`w~ct` ~k` gcbnh~hcb c yhg~hmw ~ktcpak dc~k mj~`thjf jbnwxmdcfhg d`b`~w" ^`w` mjx hbgfpn` gcm|`bwj~hcb& |tcyhwhcb c djwhg b``nw& gcpbw`fhba&m`nhgjf jbn wcghjf w`tyhg`w& jbn cighjf j|cfcah`w"

Hbw~h~p~hcbjf t`ctm" T`ctmw jnnt`wwhba t`|t`wwhcb jbn gcttp|~hcb dx ~k` mhfh~jtx& |cfhg`&jbn t`fj~`n w~j~` jbn ghyhg dcnh`w wkcpfn t`w~ct` |pdfhg ~tpw~ hb ~k`w` hbw~h~p~hcbw& `m|kjwh`~k`ht |pdfhg w`tyhg` jbn |tc~`g~hcb tcf`w& jbn |t`y`b~ p~pt` yhcfj~hcbw"


12/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 9





HY" Khw~cthgjf Djgeatcpbn

^` gptt`b~ ~`bwhcbw hb \j|pj gjb d` ~tjg`n ~c gcbhg~ d`~q``b Hbncb`whj jbn ~k`B`~k`tfjbnw ~kj~ nj~`w djge ~c Hbncb`whjw |tcgfjmj~hcb c hbn`|`bn`bg` cb Jpapw~ :1&:8>0" ^` b`q bj~hcb c Hbncb`whj gfjhm`n ~k` `b~ht` ctm`t Np~gk @jw~ Hbnh`w& hbgfpnhba~k` \j|pj tàhcb& ~k`b ebcqb jw Q`w~ B`q Aphb`j" ^` Np~gk jtap`n ~kj~ ~k` ~`tth~ctx kjnnhw~hbg~ wcghcgpf~ptjf jbn a`catj|khg gkjtjg~`thw~hgw jbn wkcpfn d` jffcq`n ~c n`ghn` h~w cqbp~pt`"::

^` jat``m`b~ ~c ~tjbw`t |cq`t tcm ~k` B`~k`tfjbnw ~c Hbncb`whj& whab`n hb Bcy`md`t:8>8& f`~ ~k` w~j~pw c ~k` ~`tth~ctx hb nhw|p~`& qh~k ~k` ~qc w~j~`w jat``hba ~c |cw~|cb`t`wcfyhba ~k` hwwp` ct cb` x`jt":4 ^` fjbapja` c ~k` jat``m`b~ qjw bc~ gf`jt& jbn tcm:80> ~c :89:& Hbncb`whj |t`w`b~`n h~w gfjhm ~c ~k` ~`tth~ctx c Q`w~`tb B`q Aphb`j ~c ~k`PB A`b`tjf Jww`mdfx& qkhf` jfwc |ptwphba jtm`n jg~hcb jajhbw~ qkj~ h~ gcbwhn`t`n ~k` fjw~djw~hcb c Np~gk gcfcbhj~hcb":7 Hb :894 Hbncb`whjb \t`whn`b~ Wpejtbc gt`j~`n ~k` MjbnjfjGcmmjbn +j ochb~ ctg`w gcmmjbn w~tpg~pt`( pbn`t Mjoct A`b`tjf Wpkjt~c ~c |fjb mhfh~jtxc|`tj~hcbw ~c ~je` gcb~tcf c \j|pj" Dx Mjx :894& Hbncb`whjb wcfnh`tw q`t` jhtfh~`n ~c ~k`Dhtnw K`jn tàhcb c bct~k`tb \j|pj& cffcq`n dx j mjoct bjyjf c|`tj~hcb":> Hb t`w|cbw`& ~k`Np~gk jgg`f`tj~`n ~k`ht `ct~w ~c |t`|jt` ~k` ~`tth~ctx ct hbn`|`bn`bg`& hbgfpnhba gt`j~hbajb hbnha`bcpw |cfhg` ctg` hb :89< jbn j t`|t`w`b~j~hy` gcpbghf& bjm`n ~k` Bh`pq Aphb`jTjjn& hb :89:":0

Hb :89:& PB W`gt`~jtx-A`b`tjf P ^jb~ j||chb~`n P"W" nh|fcmj~ @ffwqct~k Dpbe`t jw khwt`|t`w`b~j~hy` ~c w`è j |cfh~hgjf t`wcfp~hcb ~c ~k` \j|pj hwwp`":9 Qh~k ~k` tàhcb t`g`hyhbahbgt`jwhba j~~`b~hcb tcm ~k` Wcyh`~ Pbhcb& ~k` P"W" pta`n ~k` Np~gk ~c t`jgk j bàc~hj~`nw`~~f`m`b~ qh~k Hbncb`whj& f`jnhba ~c ~k` whabhba c ~k` B`q Xcte Jat``m`b~ cb Jpapw~:0& :894":1 Pbn`t ~khw jat``m`b~& ~k` B`~k`tfjbnw qcpfn ~tjbw`t jnmhbhw~tj~hcb c ~k`~`tth~ctx ~c j Pbh~`n Bj~hcbw m|ctjtx @{`gp~hy` Jp~kcth~x +PB@J( dx Cg~cd`t :894"Npthba ~k` |`thcn c ~tjbwh~hcb ~k` PB ja qcpfn d` nhw|fjx`n hb ~k` ~`tth~ctx& jbn PB@J

:: Pbh~`n Bj~hcbw W`gpth~x Ictg` hb Q`w~ B`q Aphb`j +PBWI(& Djgeatcpbn& k~~|?##qqq"pb"cta# b#|`jgè``|hba#

mhwwhcbw#|jw~#pbwidjgeat"k~mf5 \" O" Ntccaf`y`t& ^hbnjejb \hfhkjb D`djw* Ctjba \j|pj njb \`b`b~pjb Bjwhd W`bnhth&

~tjbw" O" Thd`tp& +Xcaxjejt~j? Ejbhwhpw& 4 ^k` x`jt dìct`& hb :89:& Hbncb`whj dàjb fjta`-wgjf` |ptgkjw`w ci q`j|cbw jbn `zph|m`b~ itcm ~k` Wcyh`~

Pbhcb ~c |t`|jt` Hbncb`whjb mhfh~jtx |c~`b~hjf qh~k j ictg` gcbwhn`t`n jdf`& hi b`g`wwjtx& ~c fhd`tj~` Q`w~ Hthjb

qh~k jtm`n ictg`" Wèt`~jthj~ Bàjtj T`|pdfhe Hbncb`whj& 7< jkpb Hbncb`whj M`tnèj& :;7>":0 Ntccaf`y`t& ^hbnjejb \hfhkjb D`djw& >;:->80:1 O`bbh`t Tcdhbwcb& ^k` PBw Gk`zp`t`n T`gctn hb Q`w~ \j|pj? Hb ~k` :89


13/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 1





qcpfn mjhb~jhb j g`jw`t` d`~q` b Hbncb`whjb jbn Np~gk ctg`w& jwwhw~ ~k` \j|pj |cfhg` ~cmjhb~jhb ctn`t& jbn ~tjbw`t jp~kcth~x ~c Hbncb`whj dx Mjx :897"

Hm|ct~jb~fx& ~k` B`q Xcte Jat``m`b~ jitm`n ~k``fhahdhfh~x c jff jnpf~w& mjf` jbn `mjf`& bc~ ct`habbj~hcbjfw& ~c |jt~hgh|j~` hb ~k` jg~ c w`f-n`~`tmhbj~hcb ~cd` gjtth`n cp~ hb jggctnjbg` qh~k hb~`tbj~hcbjf |tjg~hg`":;^` PB qcpfn ~k`b jwwhw~ ~k` acy`tbm`b~ c Hbncb`whj~c jnmhbhw~`t j t``t`bnpm dx :898 ~kj~ qcpfn |tcyhn`~k` \j|pjbw qh~k jb c||ct~pbh~x ~c n`ghn` ~k`ht p~pt`~ktcpak j t`` jbn jht yc~`":8

Cb Mjx :& :897& PB@J ~tjbw`tt`n jp~kcth~x cy`t~k` ~`tth~ctx ~c Hbncb`whj" Ihy` x`jtw fj~`t& ~k` PBW`gt`~jtx-A`b`tjf j||chb~`n j w|`ghjf t`|t`w`b~j~hy`~c jnyhw`& jwwhw~ jbn |jt~hgh|j~` hb jttjba`m`b~w qkhgk

q`t` ~k` t`w|cbwhdhfh~x c Hbncb`whj ct ~k` jg~ c t `gkchg`& cb t`~jhbhba ct w`y`thba ~h`w qh~k Hbncb`whj"4


14/36

qqq"hg~o"cta ;





Cb I`dtpjtx 49& :888& j atcp| c :


15/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 8





Y" ^k` W|`ghjf Jp~cbcmx Fjq jbn H~wIfjq`n Hm|f`m`b~j~hcb

Jw jb j~~`m|~ ~c dc~k jnnt`ww ath`yjbg`w jbn q`je`b wp||ct~ ct hbn`|`bn`bg`& ~k` W|`ghjfJp~cbcmx Fjq cgpw`n cb ahyhba at`j~ t |cfh~hgjf jbn `gcbcmhg |cq`t ~c \j|pjbw" Cb|j|`t j~ f`jw~& ~k` fjq q`b~ pt~k`t ~kjb c~k`t n`g`b~tjfhj~hcb |tcg`ww`w hb Hbncb`whj dxt`gcabhhba w|`ghg ath`yjbg`w& wpgk jw ~k` `{|fch~j~hcb c bj~ptjf t`wcptg`w jbn ~kt`j~w ~c\j|pjbw hn`b~h~x& qkhf` w~hff `bwpthba ~kj~ \j|pj t`mjhb`n qh~khb ~k` ~`tth~ctx c Hbncb`whj"

W`y`tjf |tcyhwhcbw kjn `{|fhgh~& |cwh~hy` hm|fhgj~hcbw ct ~tjbwh~hcbjf opw~hg`" Hb h~w |t`jg`& ~k`W|`ghjf Jp~cbcmx Fjq jgg`|~`n?

^j~ ~k` jnmhbhw~tj~hcb jbn n`y`fc|m`b~ c ~k` \j|pj \tcyhbg` kjw x`~ ~c pfff~k` ``fhba c opw~hg`& kjw x`~ ~c jgkh`y` |tcw|`th~x ct jff |`c|f`& kjw x`~ ~c p|kcfn

~k` tpf` c fjq jbn kjw x`~ ~c t`w|`g~ kpmjb thak~w hb ~k` \j|pj \tcyhbg`& hb|jt~hgpfjt ~k` \j|pjb gcmmpbh~x"4;

Dphfnhba cb dtcjn`t apjtjb~``w c opw~hg` hb ~k` gcbw~h~p~hcb48 jbn hb bj~hcbjf f`ahwfj~hcb&7


16/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :9(&

jbn gt`j~hcb c j t`|t`w`b~j~hy` cig` c ~k` Bj~hcbjf Kpmjb

Thak~w Gcmmhwwhcb

Opnhghjf jggcpb~jdhfh~x @w~jdfhwkm`b~ ci j Kpmjb Thak~w Gcpt~ +Jt~hgf` >0?4("

T`|jtj~hcbw Bc {|fhgh~ |tcyhwhcbw& dp~ ~k` tp~k jbn T`gcbghfhj~hcb

Gcmmhwwhcb jbn Kpmjb Thak~w Gcpt~ gcpfn kjy` j t`|jtj~hcbw

gcm|cb`b~& jbn ~k` fjq h~w`fi qjw jb jgebcqf`na`m`b~ ~kj~

jdpw`w kjn ~je`b |fjg`"

Hbw~h~p~hcbjf tìctm W|`ghjf m`jwpt`w ~c bwpt` pfiffm`b~ c ~k` thak~w c

hbnha`bcpw \j|pjbw ~c m|fcxm`b~ jbn ~c d` `f`g~`n ~c

w~tj~àhg |cwh~hcbw hb acy`tbm`b~ jbn w~j~` hbw~h~p~hcbw& jbn

t`gcabh~hcb ci ~tjnh~hcbjf gpw~cmw"

@w~jdfhwk`n ~k` \j|pjb \`c|f`w Gcpbghf +Mjo`fhw Tjexj~ \j|pj&

MT\(& j w~j~p~ctx dcnx qh~k w`y`tjf ipbg~hcbw& hbgfpnhba? ~c

cy`tw`` j||chb~m`b~w hb ~k` khak`w~ |cwh~hcbw ci ~k` `{`gp~hy`

jbn fàhwfj~hy` hbw~h~p~hcbw hb \j|pj5 ~c j||tcy` jat``m`b~w

mjn` dx ~k` acy`tbm`b~ qh~k jbx |jt~h`w ~kj~ kjy` jb hm|jg~

cb ~k` |tc~`g~hcb ci hbnha`bcpw |`c|f`w thak~w5 ~c jg~ jw j

w|ce`w|`twcb ict gcm|fjhb~w cb hbnha`bcpw thak~w5 jbn ~c

|tcyhn` hb|p~ ~c ~k` |tcyhbghjf {`gp~hy` jbn fàhwfj~hy` dcnh`w

cb ~k` |tc~`g~hcb ci hbnha`bcpw thak~w"

Jt~hgf` >7 jgebcqf`na`w jbn |tc~`g~w gpw~cmjtx fjbn thak~w&

jbn t`zpht`w gcbwpf~j~hcb qh~k ~tjnh~hcbjf fjbncqb`tw" k` fjq

jfwc |tcyhn`w ict ~k` w~jdfhwkm`b~ ci fcgjf |jt~h`w +Jt~hgf` 4;(&

jbn ~k` w~jdfhwkm`b~ c j ja jbn wcba jw j gpf~ptjf wxmdcf "

" " bc~ ~c d` |cwh~hcb`n jw j wxmdcf ci wcy`t`hab~x +Jt~hgf` 4("

^`w` m`jwpt`w q`t` hb~`bn`n ~c |tc~`g~ hbnha`bcpw \j|pjbw jbn ahy` ~k`m j at`j~`t tcf` hbw`f-acy`tbm`b~" Mct` ~kjb j n`gjn` fj~`t& ~k` W|`ghjf Jp~cbcmx Fjq hw qhn`fx gcbwhn`t`n ~ckjy` jhf`n ~c m``~ ~k`w` jhmw np` ~c j gcmdhbj~hcb c j q`je acy`tbm`b~ gcmmh~m`b~ ~chm|f`m`b~ w|`ghg |tcyhwhcbw jbn dtcjn`t jhfpt`w ~c jnnt`ww hwwp`w c ~tp~k& jggcpb~jdhfh~x&jbn opw~hg` j~ ~k` bj~hcbjf f`y`f"

J fjge c gcmmh~m`b~ ~c ~k` |thbgh|f`w cb qkhgk ~k` fjq qjw djw`n d`gjm` yhn`b~ wccbj~`t h~ qjw hb~tcnpg`n& qk`b \t`whn`b~ Màjqj~h hwwp`n j n`gt`` hb 4& 4


17/36

qqq"hg~o"cta ::





wcm` |tcyhwhcbw c ~k` fjq t`zpht`n yhg~hmw ~c ctahy` |`t|`~tj~ctw c gthm`w jajhbw~ ~k`mhb ctn`t ~c t`g`hy` t`|jtj~hcbw jbn |tcyhn`n ct jmb`w~x ct |`t|`~tj~ctw c w`thcpw kpmjbthak~w yhcfj~hcbw" Kcq`y`t& hbw~`jn c jnnt`wwhba ~k` pbgcbw~h~p~hcbjf |tcyhwhcbw& ~k` gcpt~

tò`g~`n ~k` `b~ht` fjq& j w`y`t` w`~djge ~c kpmjb thak~w n``bn`tw `ct~w ~c |ptwp` ~tp~k&opw~hg`& jbn bj~hcbjf t`gcbghfhj~hcb ct |jw~ gthm`w" ^` jbbpfm`b~ c Fjq Bc" 41 d`gjm` jgcby`bh`b~ opw~hgj~hcb ct bc~ `w~jdfhwkhba fcgjf ~tp~k gcmmhwwhcbw ct \j|pj ct Jg`k& `y`b~kcpak ~k`x q`t` w|`gh`n hb ~k` W|`ghjf Jp~cbcmx Fjqw ct dc~k tàhcbw"7>

^` acy`tbm`b~ kjw jfwc jhf`n ~c gcm|fx qh~k ~k` t`zpht`m`b~ hb ~k` W|`ghjf Jp~cbcmxFjq ~c gt`j~` j Kpmjb Thak~w Gcpt~ hb \j|pj" Kcq`y t& j tàhcbjf Kpmjb Thak~w Gcpt~

qjw gt`j~`n hb Mjejwwjt& Wcp~k Wpfjq`wh pbn`t Fjq Bc" 49 c :888" Hb jg~& ~k` cbfx gjw`k`jtn hb j |`tmjb`b~ kpmjb thak~w gcpt~ hb Hbncb`whj gcbg`tb`n jffà`n yhcfj~hcbw hb

Jd`|ptj& \j|pj"70

Jggctnhba ~c hby`w~haj~hcbw gcbnpg~`ndx ~k` Bj~hcbjf Kpmjb Thak~w

Gcmmhwwhcb& hb ~k` `jtfx mctbhba cN`g`md`t 1& 4 Fjq Bc" 4:#4


18/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :4





YH" ^`w~hmcbx ci Yhg~hmw

Hb ~k` jdw`bg` c j tp~k jbn T`gcbghfhj~hcb Gcmmhwwhcb ct \j|pj& HGO jbn @FWKJMd`ajb ~c ncgpm`b~ ~k` w~cth`w c yhg~hmw jbn qh~b`ww`w ~c d`~~`t pbn`tw~jbn ~k` `{~`b~ c|jw~ yhcfj~hcbw jbn ~k`ht gcb~hbphba hm|jg~ cb \j|pjbw q`ff-d`hba" ^` t`w`jtgk cpbn ~kj~yhg~hmw jbn qh~b`ww`w jt` w~hff `{|`th`bghba pbt`wcfy`n `mc~hcbjf ~tjpmj jbn jgp~` m`mcth`wc yhcf`bg`& t`wpf~hba hb j w~tcba nhw~tpw~ c ~k` acy`tbm`b~ jbn h~w t`|t`w`b~j~hy`w" H~ hwgf`jt tcm ~k` jggcpb~w c yhg~hmw jbn qh~b`ww`w ~kj~ ~k` f`y`f c t`gcbghfhj~hcb t`zpht`n ctwpw~jhbjdf` |`jg` jbn w~jdhfh~x hb \j|pj hw pbfhe`fx qh~kcp~ jgebcqf`nahba jbn jnnt`wwhba ~k`w`thcpw yhcfj~hcbw ~kj~ |fjx j mjoct |jt~ hb gcb~hbphba nhyhwhcbw"

T`w`jtgk`tw gcm|hf`n :

N`|thyj~hcb ci iccn jbn m`nhghb` >

Ictg`n `{hf` 7

Djbb`n itcm m``~hba qh~k ijmhfx 4

^thjf qh~kcp~ f`ajf t`|t`w`b~j~hcb 4

^tjy`f t`w~thg~hcbw 4

@npgj~hcb nhwgthmhbj~hcb :

^c~jf 1>8


19/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :7





Qkj~ cffcqw hw ~`w~hmcbx gcff`g~`n tcm yhg~hmw& jbn ctajbh`n hb~c ~kt ` |`thcnw?

:894

K` qjw bc~ t`f`jw`n pb~hf :81>

W`y`tjf c~k`t yhg~hmw n`wgthd`n gjw`w c n`~`b~hcb" Cb` mjb n`wgthd`n d`hba n`~jhb`n qh~k7< |`c|f`& hbgfpnhba ~`jgk`tw& `~kbhg f`jn`tw& cighjfw& jbn c~k`t `npgj~`n \j|pjbw" ^`x

q`t` cbfx ahy`b ccn cbg |`t njx" ^` mjbw kjbnw q`t` dcpbn ~ktcpakcp~ khw n`~`b~hcb hb mhbjdpjb w~jt~hba hb :890 pb~hf k` qjw mcy`n ~c Mjbceqjth |thwcb hb :89;">0 Jbc~k`tyhg~hm n`~jhb`n dx ~k` Wctcba Nhw~thg~ Mhfh~jtx Gcmmjbn t`|ct~`n ~kj~ mjbx |thwcb`tw nh`ntcm kpba`t& d`j~hbaw& ct wkcc~hbaw">9

Hb jnnh~hcb ~c ~k`w` mjww jtt`w~w& w`y`tjf qh~b`ww`w w~j~`n ~kj~ ghyhfhjbw q`t` jfwc wkc~ ct

c||cwhba hb~`atj~hcb qh~k Hbncb`whj" Npthba ~khw |`thcn ~k`t` q`t` mjbx gjw`w c t`whn`b~w``hba ~c ~k` ct`w~& jbn wptyhyhba cb gjwwjyj& tph~& jbn thy`t qj~`t ~c jychn mhfh~jtx w`jtgk`wct ~kcw` wpw|`g~`n c d`hba hbycfy`n qh~k C\M">1

^` hwfjbnw c Dhje jfwc wjq mhfh~jtx jg~hyh~x" Cb` yhg~hm t`gjffw?

>4 Hb~`tyh`q WTA> Hb~`tyh`q WTA9 Hb~`tyh`q WTA


21/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :0





Hb Mjtgk :897 H qjw n`~jhb`n d`gjpw` c |cfh~hgjf hwwp`w& d`gjpw` H fcq`t`n ~k`t`n jbn qkh~` UHbncb`whjb] ja" H qjw n`~jhb`n hb |thwcb j~ Wjmcj Dje ct ~kt``mcb~kw">;

^` Hbncb`whjb mhfh~jtx fjpbgk`n C|`tj~hcb Wjnjt hb :89; hb t`w|cbw` ~c gfjwk`w qh~k C\Mjbn ~k` pbjtm`n t`whw~jbg` c ~`jgk`tw ctajbh`n pbn`t j atcp| gjff`n Wjm|jth" Cb` m`md`tc ~k` atcp| qjw n`~jhb`n cb Bcy`md`t 41& :891& ct gt`j~hba jbn ghtgpfj~hba |jm|kf`~wt`whw~hba hb~`atj~hcb qh~k Hbncb`whj" K` `{|`g~`n ~c d` t`f`jw`n zphgefx dp~ qjw k`fn ctmct` ~kjb cpt mcb~kw hb j |cfhg` g`ff hb Dhje" Cb J|thf :4& :89;& k` qjw w`b~ qh~k ~qcc~k`tw cb j wkh| ~c Mjbceqjth">8

Djfnpw Mcp& j ctm`t m`md`t c ~k` B`q Aphb`j Gcpbghf +B`pq Aphb`j Tjjn(& qjwqctehba j~ ~k` Dhje Cig` c @npgj~hcb jbn Gpf~pt qk`b k` qjw n`~jhb`n ct ~k` tw~~hm` hb :890 cb wpw|hghcb c wp||ct~hba ~k` hbn`|`bn`bg` mcy`m`b~" K` qjw n`~jhb`n dx~k` Jht Ictg` Mhfh~jtx \cfhg` jbn ~k`b mcy`n ~c ~k` bjyx k`jnzpjt~`tw ct zp`w~hcbhba" K`

qjw t`f`jw`n hb :899& dp~ qjw n`~jhb`n ct j w`gcbn ~hm` hb :891 jbn hm|thwcb`n hb j wmjff

g`ff ebcqb jw j tj~ tccm j~ bjyx k`jnzpjt~`tw pb~hf khw t`f`jw` hb :818 Hb~`tyh`q DHJ


22/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :9





J qh~b`ww n`wgthd`n jb hbghn`b~ `{|`th`bg`n dx Xpbhj Mjmd`bjt& qkc qjw n`~jhb`n dxwcfnh`tw cb wpw|hghcb c d`hba j m`md`t c ~k` C\M"

^` wcfnh`tw gj|~pt`n Xpbhj qh~k C\M ncgpm`b~w jbn dtcpak~ k`t ~c ~k`k`jnzpjt~`tw hb Wct`bnhq`th" Xpbhj& qkc qjw |tàbjb~& qjw n`~jhb`n hb Wct`bnhq`thpb~hf wk` qjw dtcpak~ ~c qk`t` wk` qjw tj|`n ~k`b wkc~ n`jn" J~`t wk` qjw wkc~n`jn& ~k`x w~`||`n cb k`t w~cmjgk pb~hf ~k` djdx gjm` cp~" ^j~ ~cce |fjg` hb:891& qk`b Xpbhj qjw |tàbjb~ ct ~k` tw~ ~hm` jbn wk` qjw jdcp~ `hak~ mcb~kw|tàbjb~" Wk` kjn d``b k`fn j~ ~k` mhfh~jtx k`jnzpjt~`tw hb Wct`bnhq`th ct mct`~kjb j q`è d`ct` wk` qjw wkc~ n`jn& qh~kcp~ jbxcb` tcm ~k` jmhfx ebcqhba "" " C~k`t ~kjb Xpbhj Mjmd`bjt& jbc~k`t |`twcb dx ~k` bjm` c B`f`w Tòjpq qjwjfwc wkc~ n`jn jbn bc~ dpth`n" Q` f`jtb`n jdcp~ ~k` ehffhbaw mpgk fj~`t" Dp~ q`

q`t` wgjt`n wc q` nhn bc~ fcce ct ~k`m" Mjbx x`jtw j~`t H q`b~ ~k`t` ~c fcce ct~k` dcb`w& dp~ gcpfn bc~ bn jbx" \ tkj|w ~k`x kjy` d``b `j~`b dx qhfn jbhmjfw"^hw `y`b~ qjw wc |jhbpf ct pw"04

Jbc~k`t qh~b`ww n`wgthd`w ~k` ehffhba c Jtx Mbpqcb cb Opb` 1& :891" J wcfnh`t j~~jge`n ~k`yhg~hm jbn khw wcb tcm d`khbn qkhf` ~k`x q`t` dphfnhba j kp~" ^` tw~ wkc~ mhww`n& dp~ ~k`w`gcbn cb` kh~ Mbpqcb hb ~k` djge& ehffhba khm hbw~jb~fx" Mbpqcbw qh` jbn njpak~`t q`t`gj|~pt`n dx wcfnh`tw" Khw wcb tjb jqjx ~cqjtn Tchnhp yhffja`"07

Npthba ~khw |`thcn ghyhfhjbw q`t` jfwc mjn` ~c gjttx cp~ ctg`n fjdct ct ~k` mhfh~jtx& jbn mjbxgkcw` hbw~`jn ~c `` hb~c ~k` ct`w~" Jw `{|fjhb`n dx cb` qh~b`ww?

^` wcfnh`tw e`|~ jtthyhba5 q` q`t` mct` jbn mct` ~tjpmj~h`n" H qjw jfwc mct`~tjpmj~h`n d`gjpw` h q` ~th`n ~c mcy` ~c ~k` yhffja` wcm`cb` qcpfn t`|ct~ cb pw"^` ~tcc|w e`|~ dthbahba m` k`t` jbn ~k`t`& ~c Qjtnc& ~c ~k` ~cqb& ct djge ~c ~k`yhffja`" Q` wf`|~ hb ~k` ct`w~" Q` q`t` bc~ jdf` ~c wptyhy` cb ~k` gcjw~ jbn q`b~hb~c ~k` ct`w~" ^` t`d`f M`fehjbpw Jqcm ~cfn ~k` |`c|f` ~c dphfn j |fjg` ~c w~jxhb ~k` ct`w~ b`jt \`tqcmh& ~k` bjm` qjw Whctwjnjh"0>

Cb` qh~b`ww& qkc ochb`n M`fehjbpw Jqcm hb ~k` opbaf`& w~j~`n& Q` nhn bc~ hb~`bn ~c tpbct khn` hb ~k` opbaf`" Dp~ Hbncb`whj gjm` qh~k thak~`bhba q`j|cbw" Q` tjb hb~c ~k` opbaf`&~k`x ~k`b tjb j~`t pw jbn ehff`n pw hb ~k` opbaf`"00 J qcmjb& qkc `n ~c Mjbncthjh qk`b wk`k`jtn ~kj~ ~k` mhfh~jtx qjw gcmhba ~c k`t yhffja` c Ctencth& n`wgthd`n k`t `{|`th`bg` qkhf`cb ~k` tpb?

^` mhfh~jtx c|`tj~hcbw t`jgk`n Bjwhp& qk`t` q` q`t` ajtn`bhba" D`gjpw` cpt kp~whb ~k` ajtn`b q`t` hbkjdh~`n& ~k` ~tcc|w dptb`n jbn n`w~tcx`n cpt ajtn`bw& jbnkpb~`n pw" ^`x gkjw`n pw pb~hf Mjbncthjh qk`t` q` khn" ^`x j~~jge`n jbn wkc~j~ pw hbwhn` cpt kcm`w" Qk`b ~k`x wkc~ j~ pw `jtfx hb ~k` mctbhba& q` q`t` jwf``|"

Q` q`t` wpt|thw`n5 opm|`n p|& jbn tjb" H ac~ wkc~ cb mx f ~ kjbn" Wh{ |`c|f` q`t`qcpbn`n& ~kt`` q t` wkc~ jbn ehff`n" Q` tjb hb~c ~k` ct`w~" Qk`b q` q`t` khnhbahb ~k` ct`w~& q` nhn bc~ `j~ ct nthbe q`ff" Npthba ~k` njx q` khn hb ~k` ct`w~ jbn

j~ bhak~ q` wf`|~ hb mje`wkh~ kp~w q` mjn` ct wk`f~`t" Hb ~k` ct`w~ q` j~` a`b`mcf`jy`w jbn c~k`t f`jy`w ~c wptyhy`"09

T`w`jtgk`tw jfwc cpbn w`y`tjf gjw`w qk`t` ~k` mhfh~jtx n`w~tcx`n |tc|`t~x" Cb` qh~b`ww w~j~`n ~kj~?

Cb ^ptwnjx& 7 Mjtgk :89;& Ejm|pba Qcnp qjw dptb`n" Jff cpt kcpw`w&|tc|`t~x& ~k` gkptgk jbn wgkccf q`t` dptb`n ncqb" Cpt fhy`w~cge q`t` wkc~ jbnn`w~tcx`n"01

04 Hb~`tyh`q DHJ Hb~`tyh`q DHJ


23/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :1





Pbfhe` ~k` c~k`t tàhcbw& hb \jbhjh jtm`n t`whw~jbg` jajhbw~ ~k` Hbncb`whjb ctg`w qjw f`n dxfcgjf acy`tbm`b~ ~tcc|w& pbn`t ~k` f`jn`twkh| c n`|p~x nhw~thg~ k`jn Ejt`f Acdjx" Cb Mjx:& :897& \j|pjbw njmja`n tpbqjxw j~ Qjak`~` jbn @bjtc~jfh ~c w~c| Hbncb`whjb |fjb`w tcm

fjbnhba" J~`t |jtj~tcc|`tw q`t` ntc||`n hbw~`jn& ~k`t` q`t` mjbx ghyhfhjb yhg~hmw"

Cb` yhg~hm qjw w~hff j gkhfn qk`b k` qjw wkc~?

Qk`b ~k`t` qjw ak~hba hb @bjtc& H qjw w~hff hb `f`m`b~jtx wgkccf" J~ ~kj~ ~hm` q`q`t` jdcp~ ~c kjy` `{jmw" Q` q`b~ tcm @ejnhn` ~c Ncacp~c& jbn |`c|f` jwe`n pwQkj~ jt` xcp nchba3 UQ` t`|fh`n&] Q` kjy` `{jmw" ^`b ~k`x wjhn& Xcp ncb~ebcq& nc xcp& ~k`t`w achba ~c d` qjt wccb" " " " Hb ~k` mctbhba q` k`jtn apbt`" " " H qjw wkc~ hb ~k` `na` c mx `x` qk`b H qjw ``hba qh~k mx |jt`b~w hb~c ~k`ct`w~& d`gjpw` q` q`t` gkjw`n dx ~k` wcfnh`tw"0;

Hb Ecmc|j& \jwht \p~hk& wcfnh`tw wkc~ j ~tjnh~hcbjf f`jn`t bjm`n Cqjej Bjqh|j jbn j~f`jw~ :7 c~k`tw& jggctnhba ~c w`y`tjf qh~b`ww`w" Cb` qh~b`ww qjw qjfehba tcm @ehmjbh "" " ~c @|cpqh ~c nha gjwwjyj" ^`t` q`t` ~`b qcm`b jbn y` m`b gcmhba tcm Mjpqj ~c@|cpqh" J~`t ~k`x jtthy`n ~k`t`& wcm` q`t` wkc~ n`jn dx wcfnh`tw" qc qkc q`t` ehff`n q`t`Ncacpnjdh Ncacmc jbn \è xdh Hxjh"08 Jbc~k`t qh~b`ww wjq y` yhg~hmw ehff`n npthba Mjx&

Opb`& jbn Opfx c :897" K` khmw`f qjw wkc~ j~ jw k` tjb"9< J qh~b`ww t`gjff`n& Hb mx yhffja`~k`t` q`t` ~kt`` yhg~hmw c ~k` gcbhg~ " " " Mhej Ejxjm`& Hwjge Nà`h& jbn Jej|h~je` Acdjx"Mhej Ejxjm` qjw w~jdd`n jbn ~ktcqb hb~c j tjyhb`& dp~ k` qjw gjpak~ hb j ~t``" K` fhy`n ct~kt`` q`èw& jbn ~k`b k` nh`n hb ~k` ~c| c ~kj~ ~t``"9:

Cb` qh~b`ww n`wgthd`n jb hbghn`b~ hb Ecmc|j& \jwht \p~hk& hb :898 ~kj~ hbycfy`n kpbnt`nwc fcgjf acy`tbm`b~ cighjfw?

Hb ~k` hbghn`b~ hb Ecmc|j& \jwht \p~hk& ~k` yhg~hmw q`t` Ahdcdh Acdjx&Bjqh|j~pmj& Bjqh|j& `bcpx`& Npmjx& jbn Dpbjx" ^cw` yhg~hmw q`t` wkc~

qk`b ~k` |`c|f` n`mjbn`n t` ncm " " " J~ ~k` ~hm`& ~k` |`c|f` q`t` w~thn`b~fx

n`mjbnhba t``ncm& qkhf` ~k` ~tcc|w tàjtn`n ~khw jw |jt~ c Hbncb`whj" Wc ~k`t`q`t` t`d`ffhcbw" Mjbx |`c|f` nh`n" H gjbbc~ wjx ~k` bpmd`t" @y`b ct mx cqbyhffja`& H ctac~ ~k` |`c|f` qkc nh`n"94

Jbc~k`t qh~b`ww& n`wgthd`n jb j~~jge jajhbw~ ghyhfhjbw hb t`~jfhj~hcb ~c j dj~~f` f`ndx jb C\M f`jn`t bjm`n Ejt`f Acdjx ~kj~ f`n ~c ~k` ehffhba c ~`b wcfnh`tw" K`t`gjff`n?

^`b ~k` wcfnh`tw q`b~ hb~c Mcjb`mjbh& {`n ~k` jhtw~th| U~kj~ qjw npa p| ~c w~c||fjb`w tcm fjbnhba]& wc ~kj~ wcfnh`tw tcm @bjtc jbn Qja`~k` gcpfn fjbn" ^`wcfnh`tw q`t` ~cfn ~c j~~jge ghyhfhjbw& ~k`x gjm` cp~ j~ bhak~ jbn wpttcpbn`n Upw] hb~k` mctbhba" ^hw kj||`b`n hb hehnhe`dc& Ncahmjbh" Hb ~k` j~`tbccb& ~k` |`c|f`

q`t` j~~jge`n" ^`t` qjw wc mpgk dfccn" Mjbx |`c|f` nh`n hb @e`mjbhnj& jfwc hb

hehnè`dc& jbn hb ~k` yhffja`w c Mjpqj& He`dc& jbn Hxjnhmh Udctn`thba N`hxjhjbn Ncahxjh]" Jnh Ajthw qjw wkc~ j~ bhak~ qk`b k` qjw apjtnhba" K` qjw wkc~d`gjpw` ~k` wcfnh`tw wjq khw ghajtt`~~`" K` nhn bc~ ebcq ~k`x gjm`" K` qjw j |cfhg`cig`t npthba ~k` Np~gk |`thcn"97

Cb` qh~b`ww `{|fjhb`n ~k` t`jwcb ~kj~ \j|pjbw j~~jge`n ~k` Hbncb`whjb mhfh~jtxw~j~hcb`n ~k`t`?

0; Hb~`tyh`q \JB


24/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :;





Q` q`b~ ~c qjt d`gjpw` ~k`x ehff`n cpt |haw& |pff`n cp~ ~k` `bg`w Uc cpt ajtn`bwjbn kcm`w]" ^hw hw qkj~ mjn` pw ac ~c qjt" Jg~pjffx& q` nhn bc~ kj~` ~k`m" C~k`t|`c|f` tcm c~k`t yhffja`w jfwc q`b~ ~c qjt" ^` qjt kj||`b`n d`gjpw` ahtfw jbn

qcm`b q`t` d`hba tj|`n dx JDTH" H |`c|f` nhn bc~ cffcq& ~k`x q`t` ctg`n jbnkh~ dx m`md`tw c JDTH" ^` wjm` ~khba kj||`b`n hb Cdjbc& E`dc& \jbhjh hmpt&jbn Ecmc|j" J~`t ~k` qjt& |`c|f` t`~ptb`n ~c ~k`ht yhffja`w" @y`b ~kcpak ~k`x

q`t` djge& ~k` wh~pj~hcb qjw w~hff k`j~`n"9>

Jggctnhba ~c khm& j~`t ~k`x t`~ptb`n kcm`& ~k`ht f`jn`tw q`t` dtcpak~ ~c Bjdht` ~ct`|t`w`b~ ~k`m hb ~k` Jg~ c It`` Gkchg` t``t`bnpm"

:898:88;

Hb ~k` |`thcn j~`t ~k` t``t`bnpm& mhfh~jtx c|`tj~hcbw cgpw`n cb n`w~tcxhba m`md`tw c~k` C\M w~hff ak~hba hb ~k` opbaf`" T`whn`b~w c tptjf jt`jw q`t` gfcw`fx mcbh~ct`n& jbn gh~x

t`whn`b~w t`zpht`n |`tmhwwhcb ~c f`jy`" Yhg~hmw qkc kjn d``b n`~jhb`n |t`yhcpwfx gcb~hbp`n ~cd` kjtjww`n jbn n`~jhb`n qh~kcp~ jbx gf`jt opw~hgj~hcb"

Hb Mjbceqjth& cb` qh~b`ww hb~`tyh`q`n qjw j \j|pjb wcfnh`t qkc qjw j m`md`t c ~k`Hbncb`whjb jtmx w~j~hcb`n hb ~k` \pjx w`g~hcb c Ojxj|ptj hb :814" K` n`wgthd`n kcq k`jbn c~k`t wcfnh`tw q`t` ctn`t`n ~c wkcc~ :< t`whn`b~w hb \pjx jbn :< tcm fjaj Mjxj hbW`b~jbh& Ojxj|ptj nhw~thg~" K` gjtth`n cp~ ~k` ctn`tw ~c wkcc~& dp~ t`pw`n ~c dptx ~k` yhg~hmw&jbn c~k`t wcfnh`tw gcy`t`n ~k` dcnh`w hb f`jy`w jbn qccn"90

C|`tj~hcb pm|jw qjw gjtth`n cp~ jajhbw~ C\M hb Q`w~ jbn Bct~k Dhje tcm :81: ~c :8;8"Qh~b`ww`w t`|ct~`n wkcc~hbaw jbn ehffhbaw& ~ct~pt` jbn mhw~t`j~m`b~& tj|`& jbn ehnbj||hba"

Cb` qh~b`ww t`gcpb~`n j mjwwjgt` j~ j thy`t hb :81: gjtth`n cp~ dx m`md`tw c ~k` Pnjxjbj

Tàhcbjf Mhfh~jtx Gcmmjbn?^` mjwwjgt` w~jt~`n qh~k jb j~~jge dx D`bxjmhb Mjmd`bjt jajhbw~ ~kt``wcfnh`tw& qkc q`t` gp~ p| qh~k j mjgk`~`" ^`b wcm`cb` qjw dtcpak~ ~c |chb~cp~ D`bxjmhbw yhffja` hb Ethwncth" Qk`b ~k` ~tcc|w jtthy`n& It`nhbjbn Empt jbn

Xpfhjbpw Empt q`t` wkc~" ^` wptyhyctw q`t` ctn`t`n ~c gjttx ~k`ht dcnh`w ~c ~k`Dpwncth Thy`t" Uqc |`c|f`] q`t` mjn` ~c gjttx ~k`ht dcnh`w" C~k`t n`~jhb``w q`t`~h`n p| jbn dtcpak~ ~c ~k` thy`t" ^`x q`t` mjn` ~c nha j kcf`& cb` dx cb`" ^`b~k`x q`t` wkc~ hb ~k` kcf` tcm bpmd`t cb` ~c wh{& |fpw ~k` ~qc" Wc ~k`t` q`t``hak~ dcnh`w"99

Qcm`b jfwc wp`t`n tcm yhcf`bg` |`t|`~tj~`n dx ~k` mhfh~jtx" J qh~b`ww n`wgthd`n j ehffhbajbn tj|` j~ j thy`t?

Qk`b q` q`t` j~~jge n j~ ~k` Whmjtnc thy`t& h~ qjw jdcp~ 0 |"m" jbn tjhbhba"Qk`b q` q`t` j~~jge n H qjw wh~~hba cb j fca5 cb` dpff`~ kh~ ~kt`` |`c|f`" ^`dpff`~ `b~`t`n Nctmhbj& gjm` cp~ jbn kh~ Jmcw fà& jbn ~k`b kh~ D`j~thew" Q` jff

opm|`n jbn tjb cpt cqb qjxw" H khn dp~ wjq qh~k mx cqb `x`w" D`j~thew qjw wkc~dp~ bc~ n`jn& ~k`b qjw tj|`n& ~k`b d`j~`b ~c n`j~k" Jmcw qjw wkc~ hb ~k` fà dp~

qjw jfhy`& ~k`b j~~jge`n qh~k j mjgk`~` cb khw k`jn pb~hf k` nh`n" Wc ~kt`` |`c|f`nh`n" ^`ht dcb`w jt` w~hff ~k`t`pbdpth`n pb~hf bcq"91

Wcm` j~~jgew nhn bc~ nhw~hbaphwk d`~q``b ghyhfhjbw jbn gcmdj~jb~w" Cb` qh~b`ww t`gjff`n?

9> Hb~`tyh`q \JB


25/36

qqq"hg~o"cta :8





Cb 49 I`dtpjtx :8;9& q` q`t` a`~~hba t`jnx ~c ac ~c gkptgk~k` gkptgk qjw dphf~j~ ~k` k`jnzpjt~`tw c C\M f`jn`t M`fehjbpw Jqcm" J~ 0 j"m"& wcfnh`tw wpttcpbn`n~k` k`jnzpjt~`tw jbn ~k`t` q`t` wcpbnw c apbwkc~w& kcpw`w d`hba dptb`n" Q` tjb

~c ~k` ct`w~ jbn q`t` w`|jtj~`n hb ~k` ct`w~ ct mct` ~kjb cb` mcb~k" Qk`b q`tjb& jtcpbn 8:< j"m"& ~qc |fjb`w gjm` tcm ~k` nht`g~hcb c fjbn Uct`w~] jbntcm ~k` nht`g~hcb c ~k` w`j" ^`t` q`t` dcmdw gthwwgtcwwhba tcm ~k` ct`w~ jbnw`j" ^` k`jnzpjt~`tw dptb`n jff njx& q` opw~ wjq ~k` wmce`" " " " Cb` |`twcb nh`n"Khw gfjb qjw Njpbnh& tcm Ctencth yhffja`" K` nh`n tcm j apbwkc~ qcpbn tcm jwcfnh`t cb fjbn Uqk`b ~k`x q`t` gkjwhba pw]" M`fehjbpw Jqcm ~cfn ~k` |`c|f` hb~k` ct`w~ ~c t`~ptb ~c ~k`ht kcm`w& d`gjpw` q` gcpfn bc~ wptyhy`" Q` t`~ptb`n hb:8;1 jbn q`t` t`g`hy`n dx ~k` Djdhbwj Uyhffja`-f`y`f wcfnh`t] hb Q`w~ Dhje"9;

^` jmhfh`w c C\M m`md`tw q`t` c~`b wpdo`g~`n ~c yhcf`bg` jbn hb~hmhnj~hcb" Cb` wpgkjmhfx qjw ~k` jmhfx c j ctm`t m`md`t c Hbncb`whjb jtmx Hbjb~tx Dj~~jfhcb 10:& djw`nhb W`b~jbh" Cb J|thf ;& :8;>& k` n`w`t~`n tcm ~k` mhfh~jtx ~c ochb ~k` w~tpaaf` ct \j|pjwhbn`|`bn`bg`" Khw qh` jbn ~kt`` wmjff gkhfnt`b q`t` t`zpht`n ~c t`|ct~ ~c ~k` mhfh~jtx `y`tx

njx" J~`t ~qc c ~k` gkhfnt`b nh`n& khw qh` ~cce k`t wptyhyhba gkhfn kcm` ~c Dhje hb :8;0"

Hb :8;1 k` jbn :< m`b ~tjy`ff`n ~c Dhje ~c fcce ct khw jmhfx hb ~k`ht yhffja`" J~`t ~k`xjtthy`n& ~k` yhffja` qjw wpttcpbn`n dx wcfnh`tw& f`jnhba ~c j tàk~ d`~q``b wcfnh`tw jbnkhw atcp|& npthba qkhgk k` `wgj|`n" ^` t`whn`b~w c khw yhffja` q`t` ctn`t`n ~c ~k` d`jgkjbn ~cfn ~c tjhw` ~k`ht kjbnw jdcy` ~k`ht k`jnw" ^` nhw~thg~ mhfh~jtx gcmmjbn`t ctdjn` khwwcfnh`tw tcm wkcc~hba ~k` ghyhfhjbw"

Khw j~k`t qjw hb~`ttcaj~`n dx ~k` gcmmjbn`t jbn ehge`n5 ~k` jmhfxw kcpw` qjw tjbwjge`n5jbn ~kt`` djaw c gfc~khba q`t` ~je`b dx wcfnh`tw" D`gjpw` wk` qjw jtjhn& wk` ochb`n k`tkpwdjbn hb ~k` opbaf`& f`jyhba k`t wcb hb ~k` yhffja` qh~k c~k`tw" J~`t j q`è& k` jbn cb`c khw m`b f`~ ~k` opbaf`" Khw qh` k`jtn ~k` b`qw ~kj~ k` qjw ehff`n hb j tàk~ ~k` b`{~njx" Khw k`jn qjw t`|ct~`nfx gp~ c jbn |fjg`n hb afjww gcb~jhb`t ~kj~ qjw nhw|fjx`n j~ j

Dhje N`y`fc|m`b~ @{khdh~hcb hb :8;1" Khw qh` wptt`bn`t`n npthba j mhfh~jtx c|`tj~hcb&`{|`th`bg`n nhwgthmhbj~hcb tcm ~k` jp~kcth~h`w& hbgfpnhba bc~ d`hba |tcyhn`n qh~k ccntcm acy`tbm`b~ nhw~thdp~hcbw& jw wk` qjw yh`q`n jw kjyhba gjpw`n |tcdf`mw ct ~k` yhffja`" 98

J qh~b`ww w~j~`w ~kj~ ~k` j~k`t c jb jwwcghj~` c C\M f`jn`t M fehjw Jqcm qjw kjtjww`nd`ct` d`hba n`~jhb`n jbn `f`g~tcgp~`n dx wcfnh`tw w`jtgkhba ct khw wcb hb :887" Wcfnh`twjggpw`n ~k` |jt`b~w c Wcf`mjb Njpbnh c ctn`thba ~k`ht wcb ~c ochb Jqcm hb ~k` opbaf`&jbn kjtjww`n ~k`m" Qk`b Jqcm k`jtn c ~khw& k` dcpak~ Wcf`mjb ~c khw |jt`b~w hb Bj|ncthyhffja`" Qk`b ~k`x jtthy`n ~k`x q`t` j~~jge`n& jbn Wcf`mjb qjw wkc~ n`jn dx wcfnh`tw tcmthectj tàhcbjf mhfh~jtx pbh~& Dj~~jfhcbw 104 jbn 107" J~`t ~k` wkcc~hba& wcfnh`tw gp~ cWcf`mjbw k`jn jbn kjbnw jbn nhw|fjx`n khw k`jn hb ~k` yhffja`w c Q`w~ Dhje5 khw j~k`t&

Jfpw Njpbnh& qjw n`~jhb`n jbn `f`g~tcgp~`n"1


26/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 4





YHHH" T`gcmm`bnj~hcbw

^tp~k-w``ehba

^` |t`whn`b~wkcpfn `w~jdfhwk j tp~k jbn T`gcbghfhj~hcb Gcmmhwwhcb +TG( ct \j|pj&hb jggctnjbg` qh~k jt~hgf` >9 c Fjq Bc" 4: c 4


31/36

qqq"hg~o"cta 40





T`|jtj~hcbw

^` Pbh~ ct ~k` Jgg`f`tj~hcb c N`y`fc|m`b~ hb \j|pj jbn Q`w~ \j|pj+P\>D( wkcpfn`w~jdfhwk j |tcatjm c t`|jtj~hcbw& cffcqhba ~k` Pbh~`n Bj~hcbw |thbgh|f`w cb t`|jtj~hcbw&

qh~k w|`ghjf |tcatjmw ct ~k` k`jf~k& `npgj~hcb& jbn `gcbcmhg n`y`fc|m`b~ c yhg~hmw" ^hw|tcatjm wkcpfn |thcth~h` ~k` jgebcqf`na`m`b~ jbn t`w~ctj~hcb c ~k` yhg~hmw nhabh~x& jbnhb~àtj~` opw~hg` jbn kpmjb thak~w hb~c h~w n`y`fc|m`b~ |cfhgh`w"

Hbw~h~p~hcbjf Tìctm

^` Hbncb`whjb mhfh~jtx jbn |cfhg` wkcpfn n`mcbw~tj~` j t`b`q`n gcmmh~m`b~ ~c|tc~`g~hba jbn t`w|`g~hba ~k` thak~w c ~k` \j|pjb |`c|f` dx pffx gcc|`tj~hba qh~k ~tp~k-w`èhba `ct~w jbn hby`w~haj~hcbw hb~c |jw~ yhcfj~hcbw jbn mjehba jyjhfjdf` jff f`w jbnncgpm`b~w t`f`yjb~ ~c ~k`w` |jw~ gthm`w"

^` Mhbhw~tx c N``bw` jbn c~k`t w`gpth~x w`g~ct hbw~h~p~hcbw wkcpfn `bwpt` ~k`|tcw`gp~hcb c m`md`tw c ~k` mhfh~jtx qkc |`t|`~tj~` kpmjb thak~w yhcfj~hcbw jajhbw~ghyhfhjbw hb ghyhfhjb gcpt~& mcnhxhba ~k` t`f`yjb~ fjqw jbn tàpfj~hcbw c ghyhf jbn mhfh~jtxfjq jw t`zpht`n"

@bictghba ~k` Thak~w ci Qcm`b Yhg~hmw

^` Bj~hcbjf Gcmmhwwhcb cb Yhcf`bg` Jajhbw~ Qcm`b +Ecmbjw \`t`m|pjb( wkcpfngcb~hbp` ~k` |tcg`ww c ncgpm`b~hba ~k` `{|`th`bg`w c qcm`b yhg~hmw& jbn wkcpfn

qh~kcp~ n`fjx n`y`fc| j |tcatjm cb t`|jtj~hcbw hb \j|pj& qh~k ~k` wp||ct~ c P\>D jbn hbgcffjdctj~hcb qh~k ghyhf wcgh`~x"

^` |tcyhbghjf fàhwfj~pt`w +N\T\( c \j|pj jbn Q`w~ \j|pj& qh~k fcgjf acy`tbm`b~cighjfw& wkcpfn |tcm|~fxj||tcy` jbn hm|f`m`b~ j w|`ghjf |tcyhbghjf tàpfj~hcb ct ~k`|tc~`g~hcb c ~k` kpmjb thak~w c \j|pjb qcm`b +\`tnjwpw \`tfhbnpbajb Kje-kje Njwjt\`t`m|pjb \j|pj(& jbn jffcgj~` dpna`~ ~c |tc~`g~ ~k` hb~`t`w~w c qcm`b yhg~hmw"


32/36


33/36

Jbb`{? Mj| Ci \j|pj

P

=

= \j|pj

\j|pj

Djtj~

OJXJ\PTJ +EC^J(QJTC\@B

E@@TCM

WJTMH

^CFHEJTJ

\@APBPBAJBDHB^JBA

XJKPEHMC

JWMJ^

MJ\\H

DCY@B NHAC@F

MHMHEJ

\PBGJE OJXJ\JBHJH

DHJE BPMICT

XJ\@B QJTC\@B

BJDHT@

OJXJ\PTJ

OJXJQHOJXJ

M@TJPE@

WP\HCTH

:


34/36


35/36


36/36

HG^O B`q Xcte

0 Kjbcy`t Wzpjt`& 4>~k cct

B`q Xcte& BX :

ICTJ ELSHAM Indonesia Papua 2012 English

Documents