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Informationand
CommunicationTechnology
forSocial
Development
AnInternationalSymposium
Jakarta,2224/May2006
EditedbyJonBaggaley
Acollaborationbetweenthe
ICT4D/ASEANCollaboratoryand
thePANAsiaNetworkinginitiativeon
DistanceLearningTechnologies
(PANdora)
TheICT4D/ASEAN
and
PANdoraprojects
aresupportedbyCanadas
InternationalDevelopment
ResearchCentre(IDRC)
Jakarta:ASEANFoundation(June2006)
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______________________________________________________
Foreword
THEMINISTRYOFRESEARCHANDTECHNOLOGY
REPUBLICOFINDONESIA
OpeningspeechbyHEKusmayantoKadiman
MinisterofResearchandTechnologyattheInternationalSymposiumon
ICTforSocialDevelopment
Jakarta,23rdMay2006
DistinguishedLadiesandGentlemen,Firstofall,letmeexpressmyhighestappreciationtotheASEAN
Foundation(AF)andtheInternationalDevelopmentResearch
Center(IDRC)ofCanadafortheirinitiativeandeffortsin
implementingtheICT4Dcollaborationprojectthatiscurrently
resumingits3rdyearprogram.Ibelievethatalloftheoutcomeswill
helptheregioninunderstandingbetterandfindingmorenew
waystosolveissuesrelatedtothedevelopmentofinformationand
communicationtechnology(ICT)intheSoutheastAsiaregion.
ThereforeIwouldliketoaskthatallofthematerials,experience
andlessonslearnedcanbesharedwidelyamongtheinstitutions
oftheparticipatingcountriesandalsootherregionsthatneedour
helpinsolvingtheirICTissues.
Asweareallaware,thedigitaldivideisnotonlyaworldwide
issue,butisalsoanissuethatcannotbesolvedinonedayand
needsalongterm,consistentandsystematiceffortthroughmany
stages.Thatiswhythedigitaldivideissueisaddressedinmany
regionsas
acommon
world
problem,
to
make
sure
that
no
one
is
leftbehindinthetransformationtowardsthedigitalculture.
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TableofContents
Page
iii Foreword(HEKusmayantoKadiman,StateMinisterofResearch&Technology,RepublicofIndonesia)
1 Introduction(ApichaiSunchindah,ExecutiveDirector,
ASEANFoundation)
5 1) ResearchingandEvaluatingICTforSocial
Development(ColinLatchem)
21 2) BuildingCollaborativeOpen&DistanceLearningResearch
(JonBaggaley,TianBelawati&NaveedMalik)
29 3) BestPracticesforCapacityBuildinginCambodian
DistanceEducation(DoungVuth,CheaSokHuor&
ChhuonChanThan)
39 4) EvaluationNeedsofMedicalDistanceEducationin
Mongolia(D.Amarsaikhan&S.Oyun)
45 5) UsingOpenSourceSoftwareforOpenand
DistanceLearning(BatpurevBatchuluun)
55 6) InnovativeICTsintheASEANRegion
(FelixLibrero)
69 7) ViabilityofSMSTechnologiesforNonFormal
DistanceEducation(AngeloRamos)
81 8) UsingSMSMethodstoCombatAvianFlu
(BambangWijayanto)
93 9) InstructionalDesignTrainingforICTBased
DistanceLearninginAsia(FelixLibrero)
99
10)
Summary:
Establishing
a
Collaboratory
as
an
InfrastructureforInternationalICTResearch
(JonBaggaley&EddyBahfen)
111 ListofSymposiumDelegates
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Introduction
IntroductionbyApichaiSunchindah
ExecutiveDirectoroftheASEANFoundation
attheInternationalSymposiumon
ICTfor
Social
Development
Jakarta,23rdMay2006
Dr.Ir.RichardMengko,MinistersAdvisorforInformation
TechnologyAffairsoftheStateMinisterofResearchand
TechnologyoftheRepublicofIndonesia;Excellencies;
DistinguishedGuests;LadiesandGentlemen,
Averygoodmorningtoeverybody,andawarmwelcometo
Jakartaforthoseofyoucomingfromabroad.OnbehalfoftheASEANFoundation,itismygreatpleasuretowelcomethe
distinguishedguests,speakersandparticipantstothisOpening
CeremonyofanInternationalSymposiumonInformationand
CommunicationTechnology(ICT)forSocialDevelopment.
Firstofall,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudeto
MinistersAdvisorfortakingthetimetobewithusthismorning,
reflectinghiskeeninterestandfirmsupportforresearchand
developmentinscience andtechnologyactivitiesintheregion.Iwouldalsoliketoconveymygratefulappreciationtothe
InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentreofCanada(IDRC)for
itsfinancialsupporttotheFoundationthroughtheICT4D
Collaboratoryprojectoverthepastthreeyears,andinthe
organisationofthissymposium.
TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)wasfounded
in1967topromotecooperationineconomic,scientific,socialand
culturalfields,aswellasothertransnationalissuesofcommon
concern.Amongitsmainpurposesistohasteneconomicgrowth,
socialprogressandculturaldevelopmentinSoutheastAsia,sothat
theregionwillbemoredeveloped,prosperousandpeaceful.By
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Chapter1
Researchingand
Evaluating
Information
&
CommunicationTechnologyforSocialDevelopment
ColinLatchem
Introduction
Projectsapplyinginformationandcommunicationtechnology
(ICT)tosocialdevelopmentarerarelyresearched,evaluatedor
reported,andevenwhentheyare,theconceptualisation, design,
conductandreportingofthisworkoftenlacksquality.Thereisa
needforfarmorerigorousresearchintoICTprojectsatthe
national,organisationalandpractitionerlevels,toachieveabodyof
researchthatcanguidefutureplanningandpractice.Policy
makers,plannersandpractitionersalikeneedtobeinvolvedin
undertakingformative
and
summative
evaluation,
and
quantitative
and/orqualitativeresearch,notonlytoimprovetheirown
knowledgeandskillsinICTforsocialdevelopment,buttoprovide
robustandstrategicallysignificantfindingsthatcaninfluenceand
guidegovernments,donors,andotherkeystakeholders.
ResearchandevaluationofICTforsocialdevelopmentareneeded
atthe:
1) Nationallevel: toenablegovernments,nationalagenciesandotherkey
decisionmakerstoassessthequality,cost,relevance,
effectivenessandpotentialofICTprojects;and
toinformpolicymaking,managementandimplementationinsuchprojects.
_______________________
ProfessorColinLatchemisanopenanddistancelearningconsultant,
formerlyofCurtinUniversity,Perth,Australia.
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28
References
Baggaley,J.P.&Ng,M.(2005).PANdorasBox:distancelearning
technologiesinAsia.LearningMedia&Technology30(1),pp.7
16.
Malik,N.,Belawati,T.,&Baggaley,J.(2005).Frameworkof
CollaborativeResearchandDevelopmentonDistanceLearning
TechnologyforAsia.19thAnnualConferenceoftheAssociation
ofAsianOpenUniversities,Jakarta,September.Retrieved13
June2006,from
http://www.pandoraasia.org/geninfo_publications.php
Chapter3
Best
Practices
for
Capacity
Building
in
Cambodian
DistanceEducation
DoungVuth,CheaSokHuor&ChhuonChanThan
ForewordbyMr.DoungVuth(GovernmentofCambodia)
Mr.Chairman,DistinguishedDelegates,LadiesandGentlemen:
Today,itisagreathonourandpleasureformeandmycolleagues
fromCambodiatoattendtheInternationalSymposiumon
InformationandCommunicationTechnology(ICT)forSocial
Development.Cambodiavaluestheopportunitytoshareits
experiencesinthisareaandtolearnfromthepracticesadoptedin
partnernations.IwouldliketooffermythankstotheASEAN
Foundation
for
organising
this
meeting,
and
inviting
us
from
Cambodiatoparticipateinthisimportantmeeting.
Themeetingprovidesaforumforthepromotionofelearning
measuresandstrengtheningofregionalcooperationinsupportof
thesocioeconomic andeducationdevelopmentofourcountries.
Werecognisetherearemanychallengesassociatedwiththe
developmentofelearningandICTinfrastructuresinCambodia,
butthepotentialbenefitsaremany.Atthismeetingwewilllearn
importantlessons
from
our
regional
neighbours
on
how
best
to
use
ICTforscience,mathsandlanguagecurriculumdevelopmentand
teachertraining.
_______________________
DoungVuthisDeputyDirectorofInformationandASEANAffairsinthe
MinistryofEducation,YouthandSport(MOEYS).Governmentof
Cambodia.CheaSokHuorisDirectoroftheNationalCommitteefor
StandardizationofKhmerScriptinComputers,PrimeMinistersOffice,
GovernmentofCambodia.ChhuonChanThanisExecutiveDirectorofthe
InternationalInstituteofCambodia.PhnomPenh.Theresearchdiscussedin
theirchapterissupportedbythePANAsiaNetworkingprogrammeof
CanadasInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC):www.idrc.ca.
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Chapter4
NeedsofMedicalDistanceEducationinMongolia
D.Amarsaikhan&S.Oyun
Introduction
Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifytheparticularneedsand
prioritiesofdistanceeducation(DE)inruralareas.Physiciansandmedicalworkersinruralareastendtoselectpostgraduate
continuingeducationratherthanformalacademictraining,and
therearemanyareasinwhichtheyneedupgrading.Currently,
theirknowledgeofDEislow,thoughtheydobelievethatitcan
savethemtimeandmoney.Animportantpriority,therefore,isto
developDEcurriculabasedonresearchindicatingcurrentsocial
andmedicalneeds.
Forthispurpose,thePostgraduateTrainingInstituteoftheHealthSciencesUniversityofMongolia(HSUM)has,since2003,
implementedanIDRCsupportedprojectentitledICTsforHealth
ServicesinRuralMongolia.Ithaslaunchedadistancelearningcentre
atHSUM,andathospitalsin10ruralareas.Thephysicianswho
workatthesehospitalsallhaveInternetconnectionsandengagein
onlinedistanceeducationanddiagnosticactivities.ThisChapter
indicatesthecurriculardecisionsbeingbasedonthisresearch,for
thebenefitofmedicalworkersinselectedruralareas.
_______________________
Dr.AmarsaikhanDashisDirectorofPostgraduateEducation,Health
SciencesUniversity
of
Mongolia,
Ulaanbataar.
S.
Oyunis
PAN
project
administrator,HSUM.Theresearchdiscussedintheirchapterissupported
byCanadasInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC):
www.idrc.ca
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40
SurveyMethodandMaterials
Theresearchtooktheformofasurveytocollectdatafrommedical
trainees,infourcategories:1)thetraineeshistory, 2)attitudesto
DE, 3)knowledgeofDE,and 4)itsneedsandpriorities.Thequestionnairecontentalsoincludedquestionsaboutthekindsof
coursethatareimportant,andonwhatneedstobeimproved.The
questionnairewasdistributedinselectedruralareas,during
existingtrainingandseminars.Inaddition,itwaspostedonthe
Web.Traineesweregiven15minutestorespondtoit.Theresearch
teamhadthefullparticipationoftrainees,andallpartsofthe
questionnaireweremadeclearthem.Notallquestionnaireswere
returnedontime,however.Datawerecollectedfromatotalof231
physiciansandmedicalworkers.
Results
Thefollowingstatisticsshowthedemographicandpsychographic
characteristicsofthe231surveyparticipants(75%female,and
25%male).
1) Occupationofparticipants:
physicianindepartment(46%); headofdepartment(20%); inspector(8%); headoffamilyphysicians(3%); familydoctor(8%);and
other
(15%).
Theparticipantsworkin:
ruralhospitals(69%); localhealthcentres(physiciansandmedicalworkers:
25%);
professionalinspectionauthority(2%); private(2%);and
other(2%).
41
Howlonghaveyoubeenworking?
Atleast15years(46%); 1115years(18%); 610years(17%); 35years(10%);and 12years(7%).
2) Continuedpostgraduatetraining:
doctoraldegree(0.4%); mastersdegree(5%); residency(66%); subspecialist(26%); advanced(39%);and combinedsubspecialistandadvanced(63%).
Creditcoursesareamajorcomponentofpostgraduatetraining,
andweneedtoidentifytheirquality,processes,andthesatisfaction
oftraineesinthem.Inrecentyears,physiciansreceivedcredits
from:
courses(24%); seminar(37%); training(47%);and other(22%).
Sixtypercentofthesamplereceivedcreditsfrombothcoursesand
trainingprogrammes.Theyregardcreditcoursestatusas:
good(21%);
bad
(68%);
and
dontknow(12%).Whatkindofstyleofcredittrainingisbest?
traditionaltraining(51%); distancelearning(24%);and attheirworkplacetraining(16%).
Manyparticipants
may
have
chosen
traditional
training
owing
to
thelowqualityofworkplacetraining,andtheirlackofawareness
ofDE.
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42
ThequestionWillyousigninyourinterestingpostgraduate
continuetraining?wasanswered:no(81%);andyes(8%).Reasons
forpostgraduatetrainingdropoutare:
notenoughtraining(37%); lackoffinance(53%); lowtrainingquality(49%);and lackofhumanresourcesinremoteareas(39%).
3) Awarenessofdistanceeducation
PhysiciansansweredthequestionHowwelldoyouknowabout
DE?asfollows:
well(16%); notwell(54%); poorly(22%);and noopinion(7%).
Theperceivedbenefitsofdistancelearningare:
includesavetime(70%); attheworkplace(70%); savemoney(80%);and accessnewinformation(51%).
EightninepercentansweredpositivelytothequestionIfpossible,
willyouattendDE?Fifteenpercenthadalreadybeeninvolvedin
DE,ofwhichallhadcomputerbasedtrainingand12%hadInternet
training.Theirreasonsfornottakingelearningoptionswere:
cantusecomputer(37%); noawarenessofDE(22%);and haveenoughcredits(12%).
ThequestionIfyourcomputerhadanInternetconnection,would
youaccesselearning?wasanswered:yes(56%)andno(44%).We
identifiedtheircomputerknowledgeas:
beginning
(32%);
intermediate(36%); advanced(36%);and noopinion(17%).
43
4) DEcurriculumplanning.
ThesamplesprioritiesforDEare:
medicine(37%); medicineandtraditionalmedicine(15%); publichealth(12%); medicineandpublichealth(20%); traditionalmedicine(7%); dentistry(4%); pharmacy(3%); biomedicine(3%);and other(10%)
ThesamplewasalsoaskedabouttheprioritiesofDEinspecific
disciplines.Theyresponded:
internalmedicine(51%); gynecology(22%); pediatrics(19%);and surgery(27%).
Withintheinternalmedicinecategory,threepriorityareaswere
identified:
cardiology(28%); pulmonology(22%);and gastroenterology(33%).
Thesamplewouldliketostudytheory(34%),clinicalpractice
(13%),
or
both
(49%)
through
DE.
They
would
be
interested
in
the
followingtypesofclinicalmedicinetrainingbyDE:
diseasefactors(26%); treatment(30%); diagnosis(38%); prevention(39%);and clinicalsymptoms(40%).
Physicianswant
clinical
knowledge
in:
publichealth(47%); environment(12%);
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References
Farrell,G.(2003) LMSOpenSourceSoftware.Vancouver:
CommonwealthofLearning.Retrieved13June2006from
http://www.col.org/Consultancies/03LMSOpenSource.pdf
Leslie,S.(2004)OpenSourceCourseManagementsystems.
EdTechPostBlog.Retrieved13June2006from:
http://www.edtechpst.ca/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/EdTechPost/Op
enSourceCourseManagementSystems/
Wheeler,D.A.(2005)WhyOpenSourceSoftware/FreeSoftware?
Retrieved13June2005from
http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html
Chapter6
InnovativeICTsintheASEANRegion:
takingadvantageoftechnologicalubiquity
FelixLibrero
Introduction
ThemajortopicsfordiscussioninthisSymposiumarebroadandcoverawiderangeofconcernsrequiringseparatefulldissertations.
Ishalladdresssomeoftheinnovativeusesofinformationand
communicationtechnology(ICT)intheregion.Muchofthe
informationIwillsharewithyoudealswitheducationalconcerns
dueinlargemeasuretoourexperiencesattheUniversityofthe
PhilippinesOpenUniversity(UPOU)intheuseofshortmessage
service(SMS)technology,averypopularcomponentofmobile
telephony.
SMStechnology,whetherthroughcellphonesorpersonaldigital
assistants(PDAs),isaworldwidephenomenon.Ithascaughtonso
rapidlyamongeducatorstheworldoverthatwithinaperiodof
aboutfiveyearsfromthetimetheconceptbecameaneducational
talkingpoint,mobilelearningusingtelephonyhasshiftedfroma
merelytheoreticaldiscussiontoactualprojectimplementation.In
Europe,testshavebeenconductedattheInstituteofEducation,
LearningandSkillsDevelopmentAgency,andtheNational
ResearchandDevelopmentCentreforAdultLiteracyintheUK.
Onthebasisoftheseexperiences,thefollowinglessonshavebeen
learnt(Stead,2005):
_______________________
Professor Felix Librero is Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Open
University, Los Banos. TheresearchdiscussedinhischapterissupportedbythePANAsiaNetworkingprogrammeofCanadasInternational
DevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC):www.idrc.ca.
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68
h
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Whattananarong,K.(2006)ExperimentintheUseofCellphones.
Bangkok:KingMongkutsInstituteofTechnology,. Retrieved
13June2006from:
http://www.seameo.org/vl/krismant/mobileo4.htm
Taaffe,O.(2006).Reachforyourhandset.Telecommunications40(4),
pp.2021.
Chapter7
ViabilityofSMSTechnologiesforNonFormal
DistanceEducation
AngeloJuanO.Ramos,JeromeTrinona&David
Lambert
Introduction
Oneandahalfbillionpeoplearoundtheworld,arewalking
aroundwithpowerfulcomputersintheirpocketsandpurses.
Todayshighendcellphoneshavethecomputingpowerofamid
1990spersonalcomputer,whileconsumingonlyoneone
hundredthoftheenergy.Mostusers,however,donotseemto
realisethevastpotentialofthecellphoneforeducation,orforthe
communicationfunctionforwhichitwasoriginallydesigned.Most
educators,ontheotherhand,stillseethecomputerandthecell
phoneasverydifferentdevices,withthetinycellphonebeinga
muchmorepersonalandubiquitousaccessory,especiallyamong
youngpeople.Butwithdroppingpricesandincreasing
functionality,itisvirtuallycertainthatnottoofarintothefuture,
allstudentswillhaveacellphone.Thisisenoughreasonand
motivationforeducatorstoexplorethepossibilityofmakingthe
cellphoneasanimportanttoolintheeducationalsystemsof
developedandevendevelopingcountries.
_______________________
Dr.AngeloRamosisExecutiveDirectoroftheMolaveDevelopment
FoundationInc.(MDFI),Manila,Philippines.JeromeTrinonaisPAN
ProjectCoordinator,MDFI.DavidLambertisProjectCoordinator,English
forSpecialPurposesFoundation,Ulaanbataar,Mongolia.Theresearch
discussedin
their
chapter
is
supported
by
the
PANAsia
Networking
programmeofCanadasInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre
(IDRC):www.idrc.ca.
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Chapter 8
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Chapter8
UsingSMSMethodstoCombatAvianFlu
BambangWijayanto
AcrossSoutheastAsia,theneedfordisasterpreparednessrequires
technologiesthatcangatherinformationfrom,anddeliver
informationalertstothepublicatamomentsnotice.Thetoolswith
thegreatestpublicpenetrationforthispurposearethecellphone,
theshortmessagesystems(SMS)itprovides,andthemobile
networksthatsupportthem.Thischapterpresentsaselectionof
SMSmethodsalreadyavailableforpubliccommunicationbefore
andduringtimesofsocialcrisis.ItillustrateshowSMStechnology
canbethebesttoolforcommunicatingwiththelargestpopulation
possible,includingruralcommunitiesandpeopleofdifferent
educationlevels.Thecurrentavianfluemergencyisusedto
illustratetherangeofeducationalresponsetoolsthatSMS
technologymakesavailable.
Weshouldremindourselvesthatwecannotdependonone
technologytofightapandemic,butmustblendallthetechnologies
atourdisposal(e.g.GSM,Internet(Wimax),PSTN(IVR),andGIS).
Table1presentsthecurrentstatisticsrelatingtoGSM/Cellphone
technologypenetration.Thecellphonetechnologyisnowthemost
accessibleofallcommunicationmediaworldwide.IntheASEAN
region,itisusedby60%ofalltelecommunication users,with
greaterreachthanfixedphonesandtheInternet.Table2and
Figure
1
indicate
the
growth
over
the
past
decade
of
cell
phone
usageinIndonesia.GSMMobileNetworksarealreadysetupin
everycountryinAsia.Table3indicatesthat,comparedtothe
Internet(WiMax)andpublicswitchedtelephonenetworks(PSTN),
mobiletechnologyhastheadvantagesofcoveringvastareas,rural
penetration,lowoperationalcosts,capabilityofuseanywhereand
atanytime,and,forthatreason,highpotentialfordistance
educationandmonitoringfunctions._______________________
BambangWijayantoisSystemDevelopmentAnalystatPT.DimensiHijau
Inforrama,Jakarta.
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84
Mobile Applications
85
b) Agent reports a specific Avian Flu situation.
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obi eApp icatio s
Asetofmobileprocedureswillnowbedescribedharnessingthe
aboveadvantagesofmobiletechnology,byusingpushandpull
techniques.
1)SocialMonitoring/Surveillance.
Theseapplicationsgatherandstoretextmessagesfromindividuals
insituationssuchasanavianfluoutbreakintheirneighborhood.
Withthisinformation,onecouldcollaboratewithkeyindividuals
andorganisations(e,g,doctors,hospitals)inordertohandlethe
situation.The
remote
individuals
involved
in
the
data
collection
processwillbecalledAgents.Majoradvantagesofthisuseof
mobiletechnologyisthefactthatthenetworksarelocationbased
anduseHLR,thehomelocationregisterbywhichdetailsofall
subscribersintheregionarestoredinadatabase.Thus,thesender
ofamessagecanbeautomaticallylocated,anddatacanbepushed
toaGIS(geographicinformationsystem)foruploadingtoaweb
server.
Tobecapableofinstantrecognitionbythesystem,eachtextmessagemustfollowafixedshorthandformat,inwhichtheusers
havebeentrained.Hereareexamples:
a) Agentregisterswithservice(e.g.ICT4DCollaboratory).
SendSMSICT4DAVAGENTREG[
Name]#[Address]#[Edu]#[Job]#[Birthday(MM/DD/YY)]
Sample:ICT4DAVAGENTREGharrypotter#kualaLumpur#
bachelor#teacher#12/05/77
Automaticreply:ThankyouMr/s.HarryPotterforassistingwiththeICT4D
AIsurveillanceandeducationcampaign.Yourhelpinthe
efforttopreventAIsspreadismuchappreciated.
b) Age t epo tsaspeci icA ia usituatio .Shorthandkeywordssuchasthefollowingshouldbeusedby
registeredagentsonly:
HI=HumanInfected HD=HumanDeath SI=SuspectedInfected BD=BirdDeath BI=BirdInfected
SendSMS:ICT4DAVAGENT
SampleICT4DAVAGENTBD55Mybirddiedsuddenly.Ithink
itsAI
AutomaticReplyYourReporthasbeensaved.Thankyouforyour
participationasoneofICT4DsAIsurveillanceand
educationagents
c) Identifyingthetotalnumberofregisteredagents. SendSMS:
ICT4DAVAGENTTOTAL
SampleICT4DAVAGENTTOTAL
AutomaticTally:ThetotalofregisteredAgentsfortheICT4DAI
surveillanceandeducationprojectis:xxxxxpeople.
d) Providingsupporttoagents.Thissubmodulemonitorsagentsrequestsforsupport,and
takesadvantageofthefactthatthenetworkcontainsexperts
86
withmanyspecialisations(doctors,socialworkers,etc).The
87
functionsaboutwhichtheyhavebeentrainedorwarned,suchas
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y p ( )
agentusesspecificrequestkeywordssuchas:
Health=ahealthrelatedissue
SOS
=
emergency
circumstances
(e.g.
sudden
death
of
hundredsofbirds)
EDU=requestingsupportmaterialfromtheexpertmentor.
Theagentsmessageisroutedtoanappropriateexpertof
helpdeskwithnocharge,sothatananswerorcommentcan
sentbacktowithmaximalspeed.
SendSMS:ICT4DAVAGENTSUPPORT[HEALTH/SOS/EDU]
SampleICT4DAVAGENTSUPPORTEDUAretheremarksonan
infectedbird?Doesitbecomegreen?
ImmediateReplyYourrequestforsupporthasbeenpassedontoanexpert,whowillfollowuponitassoonaspossible.
Reroutedmessage:From+628567123999:Aretheremarksonaninfectedbird?
Doesitbecomegreen?
Reply:Ifthequestionisunique,amanualreply(textorvoice)
maybegiven.Ifadatabaseoffrequentlyaskedquestionshasbeenassembled,thereplymaybeautomatic.
2)Constructing MobileKnowledgeBasedSystems.
Thesubapplicationthatcollectsinformationandrequestsfromthe
public/agentsreroutesitappropriately,isaknowledgebasedsystem,
arrangedintermsofkeywordssuchasINFO,STATISTIC,HELP,
etc.Basedonthecumulativeinformationreceivedbythesystem,selectedagentscanreceivemobilealerts,andinstructionsin
functionsaboutwhichtheyhavebeentrainedorwarned,suchas
y
exterminatingthebirdstheyown.Themessagepushsystemcan
beusedregionbyregion,orinspecificareasinfectedbytheavian
fluvirus.
a) RequestingReferringHospitalInformation.
SendSMS:ICT4DAVHOSPITAL
SampleICT4DAVHOSPITAL
AutomaticReplyRS.PersahabatanJakartaTimurDKIRS.TarakanJakartaUtaraDKI
b) RequestingaAvianFluStatisticsReport.
SendSMS:ICT4DAVSTAT
SampleICT4DAVSTAT
AutomaticReplyStatisticforAV:
HD:1
HI:10
BD:200
c) RequestingAvianFluUpdates.
SendSMS:ICT4DAVINFO
Sample:ICT4DAVINFO
88
AutomaticReply:89
ICT4DheldasymposiumattheSariPanPacificHotel,
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Doyouknowthaton2February2005,thefirstoffour
humancasesofH5N1infectionfromCambodiawere
reported?
d) ProvidingAvianFluUpdates.
(registeredagentsonly)
SendSMS:ICT4DAVINFOADD
Sample:ICT4D
AV
INFO
ADD
On
21
July
2005,
the
first
human
caseofH5N1inIndonesiawasreported.
AutomaticReply:ThankyouMr/s.HarryPotterforyourinformationand
participationasoneofICT4DsAIsurveillanceand
educationagents
d)Requesting
Tips
for
Fighting
Avian
Flu.
SendSMS:ICT4DAVTIPS
SampleICT4DAVTIPS
AutomaticReplyIndicationofAVsuspectedis:blablabla.
e) RequestingRelatedICT4DInformation. SendSMS:
ICT4DINFO
Sample:ICT4DINFO
AutomaticReply:
Jakarta,attendedbydelegatesfrom12nations.
3)
Mobile
Donations.
Amajoradvantageofusingmobiledataapplicationsisthatthey
canbeusedwithinamicropaymentsystemtodevelopamobile
donationfunction.Thesystemmustbeauditedregularlyto
maintaindonorstrust.
a) DonateMoneytotheAICampaign.
Send
SMS:
ICT4DAVDONATE
SampleICT4DAVDONATE2500
AutomaticReplyThankyouforyourdonationtotheAvianInfluenza
Campaign.Youraccountiscreditedwith:Rp.2,500.
4) MobileCoordination.
Applicationsareavailabletosupportthecoordinationefficiency
amountofthecampaignteammembers.Withthesetools,
informationgapscanbeminimised.
5) MobilePolling.
Interactiveapplicationsareavailabletodiginformationfromthe
publiconavianflurelatedissues.Thesetoolsincludestatistical
support.Thepollingismadepossiblebycrosstabulatingthe
personsinformationwithanIDnumberinanexistingorexternal
database.
a) RequestingaPollingQuestion(thepersonwishestoassistinthecurrentpoll).
90
SendSMS:91
7) MobileAutoReply/Adaptive.
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ICT4DAVPOOLQ
Sample:ICT4D
AV
POOL
Q
AutomaticReply:Avianfluisnotarealpandemicbutafalsealarm
:
A. AgreeB. DoubtC. DisagreeD. DontKnow
b) RespondingtothePoll. SendSMS:
ICT4DAVPOOLA/B/C/D
Sample:ICT4DAVPOOLA
AutomaticReply:ThankyouforyourparticipationforICT4DPoll.Yourresponseissavedinourdatabase.Toviewthecurrent
results,send[ICT4D][POOL][STAT]
c) ViewingtheCurrentPollResults. SendSMS:
ICT4DAVStat
SampleICT4DAVStat
AutomaticReply:STAT:
Avianfluisnotarealpandemicbutafalsealarm
212peoplehavevotedonthis:
Agree(50%);Doubt(20%);Disagree(30%);
Dontknow(0%).
Thisapplicationisintegratedwithalmostallsubsystemofthe
mobiledataapplication,sothatanymessagessenderwillalways
received
some
kind
of
reply
from
from
the
system,
with
tagline
promotion,andinformation.
8) MobileScheduledBroadcasts
Applicationscanbeusedtocontrolabroadcastonapre
determinedschedule.Onecansetupthebroadcastforaspecific
group,area,ortime.
Conclusions
Thereareunlimitedpossibilitiesforharnessingcurrentcellphone
applicationsforpubliceducation,information,andsurveillancein
socialdevelopmentanddisastercontexts.Thesimpleprototype
offeredinthischapterisjustoneexampleofthepotentialuseof
mobiletechnologyinsupportofanavianflusurveillanceand
educationproject.
Chapter9
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InstructionalDesignTrainingforICTBased
DistanceLearningInAsia
FelixLibrero
Introduction
Ironically,one
of
the
most
neglected
aspects
of
educational
delivery
isthedesignofthecontentitself.Copiousamountsofinformation
areavailableintheprinciplesofeffectiveeducationaldesign,
thoughitseemslikelythatthesearerarelyconsideredintheday
todaypreparationofeducationalmaterials.Theprimaryobjective
ofthecurrentprojectwastoascertaintheneedsofDEinstitutions,
facultymembersandmaterialsdevelopersfortrainingin
instructionaldesignacrossdomain/discipline areasandmedia
types.Atrainingneedssurveywasconductedtodetermine:
1) themainresponsibilitiesofthefacultyandstaffmembers
performinginstructionaldesigntasks;
2) whetherornotinstructionaldesignersinthe open
universitiesinvolvedhavehadformaltrainingin
instructionaldesign;
3) thetypesoftraininginstructionaldesignershavehad;and
4) specifictopicsthatinstructionaldesignerswouldinclude
inaninstructionaldesigntrainingcourse.
_______________________
Professor Felix Librero is Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Open
Unviersity, Los BanosThe
research
discussed
in
his
chapter
is
supported
by
thePANAsiaNetworkingprogrammeofCanadasInternational
DevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC):www.idrc.ca.
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Chapter10
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Summary:EstablishingaCollaboratoryasan
Infrastructurefor
International
ICT
Research
JonBaggaley&EddyBahfen
SummaryofthePrecedingChapters
Thepapersinthisbookhavecoveredawiderangeofcurrentsocial
developmentconcerns.Theirprimeemphasishasbeenonissues
affectingAsiansociety,butthesesameconcernsapplyworldwide:
i.e.,thequestionofhowtouseinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)forthebettermentofsociety.Theinventionof
newtechnologies hasalwaysoutstrippedtheabilitytousethem
well;andtheauthorsinthisbookhavesoughttoovercomethis
problembyconsideringinnovativeusesofICTsaswellasthe
technologiesthemselves.Thepublicationhasbeengeneratedbythe
InternationalSymposiumonInformationandCommunication
TechnologyforSocialDevelopment,heldbytheICT4DASEAN
CollaboratoryinJakarta(May2006).Thistwodayeventbrought
togetheradistinguishedgroupofAsianeducators,social
developmentexperts,andeducationaltechnologists(seethe
delegateslistattheendofthebook).Theypresentedfindingsfrom
theircurrentresearch,andtheyspeculatedaboutnewstudies
supportingtheurgentprioritiesoftheSoutheastAsiannations.
_______________________
Dr. Jon Baggaley is Professor of Educational Technology, Athabasca University,
Canada. Eddy Bahfen is with DAI Inc., Jakarta. Theproject
discussed
in
their
chapterissupportedbythePANAsiaNetworkingprogrammeofCanadas
InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC):www.idrc.ca.
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Listofdelegates
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InternationalSymposiumonInformation&
CommunicationTechnology
for
Social
Development
HostedbytheICT4DASEANCollaboratory,
Jakarta(2224/May2006)
Mr.AbubakarAlatas SEAMOLEC,Jakarta
Ms.Renelle
Ivy
Y.
Adan
ASEAN
Foundation,
Jakarta
Ms.HaslizaAhmad NationalYouthCouncil,Singapore
Mr.IdamanAndarmasoko InstituteforGlobalJustice,Jakarta
Mr.SunuDwiAntoro UniversitasTerbuka,Jakarta
Prof.JonBaggaley AthabascaUniversity,Canada
Mr.BatpurevBatchuluun Infocon.Ltd.,Ulaanbataar
Prof.TianBelawati UniversitasTerbuka,Jakarta
Mr.VuTheBinh Netnam,Hanoi
Ms.SuwanneeChailuekit NECTEC,Bangkok
Dr.AlexanderChandra InstituteforGlobalJustice,Jakarta
Mr.ChhuonChanThan InternationalInstituteofCambodia,
PhnomPenh
Mr.ChinSaikYoon ICTConsultant,Penang
Dr.AmarsaikhanDash HealthSciencesUniversityofMongolia,
Ulaanbataar
Mr.DoungVuth MinistryofEducationYouth&Sport,
GovernmentofCambodia
Mr.NurHadisukmana PresidentUniversity,Jakarta
Dr.A.P.Hardhono UniversitasTerbuka,Jakarta
Ms.IndyHardhono ASEANFoundation,Jakarta
Ms.CynthiaIskandar MicrosoftIndonesia
Ms.MonicaKappiantari ASEANFoundation,Jakarta
Mrs.Koesmarihati IndonesiaTelecom
Mr.DriKurniawan Assessment&ApplicationofTechnology
Agency(BPPT),Jakarta
Prof Colin Latchem Curtin University Perth
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Prof.ColinLatchem CurtinUniversity,Perth
Prof.FelixLibrero UniversityofthePhilippinesOpenU
Ms.MbakRirin MIKeLearningCentre,Jakarta
Prof.FredLockwood MetropolitanUniversity, Manchester,UK
Prof.NaveedMalik VirtualUniversityofPakistan,Lahore
Dr.HiraMeidia PresidentUniversity,Jakarta
Dr.DerryPantjadarma Assessment&ApplicationofTechnology
Agency(BPPT),Jakarta
Mr.TimbulPardede SEAMOLEC,Jakarta
Mr.SomphonePhanousith NationalResearchCouncil,Laos
Mr.DimasPrasetyo UniversitasTerbuka,Jakarta
Mr.YudhiPurnama ASEANFoundation,Jakarta
Dr.AngeloRamos MolaveFoundation,Manila
Prof.NazirSangi AllamaIqbalOpenUniversity,Pakistan
Mr.PeterSetiono Altelindo,Ltd.,Jakarta
Ms.SaranchimegShagdar ESPIFoundation,Ulaanbataar
Ms.RezaSimatupang Assessment&ApplicationofTechnology
Agency(BPPT),Jakarta
Mr.EduardSinar UniversitasTerbuka,Jakarta
Ms.LinaSukirya epsykologi.com,Jakarta
Mr.ApichaiSunchindah ASEANFoundation,Jakarta
Mr.HeruSutadi IndonesiaTelecom
Ms.MariaTan CommissiononICT,Governmentof
thePhilippines
Ms.ElaineTan ASEANSecretariat,Jakarta
Ms.T.Wibullaksanakul NECTEC,Bangkok
Mr.BambangWijayanto PT.DimensiHijauInforrama,Jakarta
Jakarta,Indonesia
June2006.
