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Philosophy and Education

Philosophical Foundations of Education

Philosophy deals with the most basic issues that human beings face–the issues of reality, truth, and value…. By George R. Knight

Mailyne V. Bacongco

ssReferences:

Doris D. Tulio 2008, “ Foundation of Education  2  Second  Edition” National  Bookstore,  Mandaluyong City, p. 135-151

Annick  M.  Brennen  2001, “Philosophy of Education” Sounds of Encouragement,  Nassau,  The Bahamas

  Vicki Martinez 2008 “Philosophy of Education “Southeastern Technology Leadership Program

Mailyne V. Bacongco

Philosophical Foundations of Education

IDEALISM

Key Concepts of the General Philosophies

END

Role of Teacher

Role of School

Chief sources of inspirationCreator of educational environment

An agency of the societyThinking institution

Character Development

Character is developed  through imitating examples and heroes.

Teaching Method

Teaching  methods  focus  on handling  ideas  through lecture,  discussion,  and Socratic dialogue.

Educational Aim

To develop the individual spiritually, mentally, and morally

Curricular Emphasis

the curricular emphasis is subject matter of mind:   literature, history, philosophy, and religion

AssumptionGod  is  the  absolute  ideal  and  all positive  values  are  fully  realized   and enjoyed through Him.

Every individual is born good, and is capable to sense, perceive, and think.

The  self  is  the  ultimate  reality  of individual experiences.

Values depend on how  individual persons  pass  and  enjoy  them  in their experiences.

Social values are realized when an individual  recognizes  that  he  is  a part of the total society.

Nature

One of  the oldest schools of  thoughts  which  its origin  traced  back  to Plato’s ideas

Stresses  the  mental, moral and spiritual nature of  an  individual  and  his universe.

Advocates  that  education is both a basic need and a basic right of a man

Is  a  system of  thought that  emphasizes  the importance  of  mind, soul or spirit.

Schools  exist  to sharpen  the mind  and intellectual processes.

Students  are  taught the  wisdom  of  past heroes.

Key concepts of the General Philosophy

EXISTENTIALISM

Role of Teacher

Good provider of experiencesEffective questionerMental disciplinarian

Role of School

Create  an  atmosphere  for active interactionPlan better solutions to their everyday problemsDiscuss  the  different situations  based  b  an individual

Teaching Method

Inquiry ApproachQuestion – Answer Method

Character Development

Individual responsibility for decisions and preferences

Educational Aim

To  train  individual  for significant  and meaningful existence

Curricular Emphasis

LiteratureHistoryArts Humanities 

Nature

Focuses  on  the experiences  of  the individuals.

Offers  individuals a way of thinking  about  the meaning of life.

Assumption

Existence precedes essence

Schools  exist  to  discover  and expand  the  society we  live  in. Students  study  social experiences  and  solve problems.

If  school  existed  at  all,  they would  be  places  that  assist students  in  knowing themselves  and  learning  of their place in society.

If  subject  matter  existed,  it would  be  a  matter  of interpretation such as the arts, ethics or philosophy

the  focus  is  on  freedom, the  development  of   authentic  individuals,  as we make meaning  of  our lives.

Key concept of the General Philosophy

PRAGMATISM

Role of School

A miniature society

Gives child balance and genuine  experience  in preparation  for democratic living

Place  where  ideas  are tested,  implemented and restructured 

Role of Teacher

Keeps order in the classFacilitates group workEncourage  and  offers suggestion,  questions and help in planning Curriculum planner

Character Development

Making group decisions in light of consequences

Teaching Methodteaching              methods focus  on  hands-  on problem  solving,   experimenting, and  projects,  often  having students work in groups.

Curricular Emphasis

Creation of new social orderIntegrated  and  based  on  the problem of the societySubjects are interdisciplinaryAcademic  and  vocational disciplines      1. Mathematics      2. Science      3. History      4. Reading      5. Music      6. Art 

EDUCATION AIM

For social efficiencyTrain  the  students  to continuously  and  actively   quest  for  information  and production  of  new  ideas needed  to  adjust  to  an  ever-changing society.

AssumptionThe  world  is  uncertain  and incomplete. It allows a room for  improvement.

Past  is  a  potential instrumentality  for  dealing with the future.

Experience  is  not  primarily an  affair  in  knowing  but  is incidental  in  the  process  of acting, doing and living.

Sensation  is  not  merely  a gateway  but  the  avenue  of active  relation  with  the world

Nature

Encourages  people  to  find processes  that  work  in  order to attain desired goals.

for  pragmatists,  only   those  things  that  are     experienced  or observed are real.

Pragmatists  believe that      reality  is constantly    changing and  that  we        learn best  through  applying our  experiences  and thoughts  to  problems, as they arise

Key concepts of the General Philosophy

REALISM

Role of School

Further develop discipline

Utilize  pupil  activity through instruction

Speak with authority

Regard  the  pupil  as  more superior  than  other objects

Role of Teacher

Help  the  students  realize irresistible necessity of earths physical forces

Help  develop  initiative  and ability  to  control  their experiences

The students would be taught factual  information  for mastery

Character Development

Teaching Method

teaching methods focus on  mastery of facts and basic skills through demonstration and recitation.

character is developed through  training  in  the rules of conduct

Curricular Emphasisthe Realist curriculum 

  emphasizes  the subject matter  of  the physical  world, particularly  science, mathematics, literature  and bibliography.

Educational Aimthe  aim  is  to 

understand       *objective  reality       through    "the  diligent and  unsparing scrutiny  of  all observable data.“

*is whatever remains true whether you believe in it or not

Assumption

The  primary  qualities  of experience  exist  in  the physical world.

Mind  is  like  a  mirror receiving  images  from  the physical world.

The mind of a child at birth is  similar  to  a  blank  sheet of  paper  upon  which  the world proceeds to write its impressions.

The Nature of Realism

Believe  that investigating  and reasoning  are important  in  any effective  adjustment to the real world in the control of experience.

Believes    in  the  world as it is.

It  is based on the view that  reality  is what we observe.

School  exist  to  reveal the order  of  the world and  universe.  Students are  taught  factual information.

KEY CONCEPTS

OF THE GENERAL

PHILOSOPHIES

AREAS OF PHILOSOPH

Y

Aesthetic

is the philosophical area that focuses on the artistic, sensual, or beautiful aspects of anything, including movement.

Ethics 

 is  the  study  of  moral values  or  the  doing  of good  toward  others  or oneself; the study of the principles  of  human duty;  the  study  of  all moral  qualities  that distinguish  an  individual relative to others

Epistemology

is the branch of philosophy that examines what people know and how and why they hold certain beliefs

Logic       What reasoning processes        yield valid conclusions?

Deductive:        reasoning from the general                    to the particular All children can learn. Bret is a fifth grader. He has a learning disability. Can Bret learn?

Inductive:        reasoning from the specific                to the general. After experimenting with plant growth under varied conditions, students conclude plants need water and light

Axiology

deals with the value of things and discovering whether actions, things or circumstances are good and virtuous.

Metaphysics

refers to the nature of things, or how actions or events are related to one another.

Sources for your educational philosophy are your life experiences, your values, the environment in which you live, interactions with others and awareness of philosophical approaches

SOURCES OF ONE’S

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

The  birthplace  of philosophy  was  the seaport  town  of Miletus,  and  for  this reason,  the  first philosophers  were called  Milesians  or Ionians

Philosophy

   comes from the      Greek  words philo,               meaning love and   sophia meaning    wisdom. It  means     “the love of       wisdom”.     

EDUCATION

Education in  its general  sense is  a  form  of learning in  which the knowledge, skills, and habits of  a  group  of people  are  transferred  from one  generation  to  the  next through  teaching,  training,  or research.

Thank You and

God bless…