ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams Michel de VIVO Secretary General
ICOLDInternational Commission
on Large Dams
Michel de VIVO Secretary General
What Is ICOLD?
International Commission •On Large Dams was founded in Paris in 1928.
Currently comprised of 92 •countries
and 10,000 individual members
Engineering Companies, Consultants, Builders, Development companies, Scientists, Researchers, Engineers, University Professors, Governments, Financial Institutions, Associations..
What does ICOLD do?
ICOLD leads the profession in setting guidelines to ensure that dams are built safely,
economically, and in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner. .
What does ICOLD do?Forum for the exchange of knowledge and experience
Congress every 3 years Next Congress in JAPAN in May 2012
Annual meeting in a different country each year Next Meeting in SWITZERLAND in May 2011
Publications of nearly one century of knowledge Congress Proceedings, Symposia, BulletinsDictionary, Dams Registers, Guidelines
Permanent search for progress25 Technical Committees, 500 experts on specific themes
Promotion of dams for developing countriesHeightening decision-makers and investors ’ awareness, Prospecting for financing, Technical support
ICOLD ’ s main Focus
Dam SafetySocial Impacts
Environmental ImpactsWater Management
Information for the PublicCost Analysis
Monitoring of PerformanceReanalysis of Older Dams
Effects of AgingSharing International Rivers
River Basin Development
PUBLICATIONS Congress Proceedings SymposiaBulletinsDictionary, Dams Registers Guidelines …
Dams and Reservoirs for Human Sustainable Development
Dams in the World
50.000 Large Dams•
1 Million Little Dams•
Total Capacity: 8,300 km3•
Dams in the World
LARGE DAMS %GEOGRAPHICAL REGION
ASIA; 59,7NORTH AMERICA; 21,1
EUROPE; 12,6AFRICA; 3,3
SOUTH AMERICA; 2AUSTRALIA-ASIA; 1,3
Dams in the World
LEADER´S COUNTRIES IN NUMBER OF LARGE DAMS
26278
9265
4636
1267 1205 1121 915 793 635 625 597 549 536 517 5070
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
C h i n a U S A I n d i a S p a i nK o r e a ( R O K )
J a p a nS o u t h A f r i c a
C a n a d aB r a z i l T u r k e y F r a n c e
I t a l y
M e x i c o U n i t e dK i n g d o mA u s t r a l i a
N U M B E R
Dams in the World
IRRIGATION; 38%
HYDROPOWER; 18%WATER SUPPLY;
14%
FLOOD CONTROL; 14%
RECREATION; 8%
NAVIGATION AND FISH FARMING; 3%
OTHERS; 5%
Dams in the WorldUNDER CONSTRUCTION 2007
467
120
73 68 67
28 20 18 11 7 70
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
INDE CHINA JAPON TURKEY BRESIL ESPAGNE PAKISTAN ROUMANIEROMANIA
GRÈCE AFRIQUEDU SUD
MAROC
N U M B E R
1 200 Large Dams under construction
Water Resources in the World
Renewables ( R ) 40.000 Km3 / year•
Natural 9.000 Km3 / year•
Dams and Reservoir 4.000 Km3 / year (31% •AR)
TOTAL available ( AR ) 13.000 Km3 / year •(32.5 % R)
Hydropower in the World
2 100 million tons of CO2 avoided !!!
Ongoing Problems
1 billion people do not •have access to safe drinking water
2 billion people lack •basic sanitation
2 billion people have •no access to electricity
World population is growing: 10 billion people in 2050 !!
Ongoing Problems
Droughts and floods •have devastating impacts on the food supply and living conditions for 200 millions people every year.
Greenhouse gases •emissions are threatening to change our climate
Oil resources are •depleting
We must face the Climate Changes !!
Solving these Problems
In many cases dams have proved to be a sustainable and successful development
tool to address these problems
For Flood Regulation
For Agriculture Development
For a large supply of drinking water
For an Affordable Electricity
For Replacing Polluting Energies
For Reducing Deforestation
For Developing Tourism and Fish Breeding
Dams contribute tothe fight against Climate Changes
Clean and Cheap Energy replace Fossil Energies
Abundant Energy in Developing Countries reduce Disforestation
Immediately available Energy replace Fossil Energy for Peak daily Consumption
Incomparable tool for Grid Regulation
Fight against the Causes of Climate Changes:
Dams contribute tothe fight against Climate Changes
Reservoirs regulate the impacts of devastating floods
Large water storages reduce the “ Water Stress”
Fight against the Consequences of Climate Changes:
Electricity in Africa
in Africa, 70% of the people live without electricity…
8% of the hydroelectrical potential is exploited…
Africa : 450 kWh/cap/year
North America : 12 000 kWh/cap/year
Electricity in Africa
Water storage in Africa
Region Potential Hydroelectricity produced
TWh / y TWh / y %
Europe 790 560 71%
Asia 4 000 950 24%
Africa 1 100 85 8%
North America 1 000 670 67%
South America 1 600 600 38%
Oceania 90 55 61%
World 8 580 2 920 34%
Grand Inga hydroelectric potential is more than 280 TWh ..
Hydropower potential in the World
Hydropower Potential in the World
Average costs of Electricity
Solar 0.40 – 1.00 $/kWh•
Fuel 0.15 – 0.30 $/kWh•
Wind 0.10 – 0.15 $/kWh•
Gas (CC) 0.04 – 0.07 $/kWh•
Coal 0.03 – 0.05 $/kWh•
Nuclear 0.03 – 0.04 $/kWh•
Hydro (Large) 0.02 – 0.05 $/kWh•
Grand Inga less than 0,01 $/kWh•
The bigger the dams, the less costly… .
Hydropower potential in Africa
African hydropower potential is 1100 TWh•
3 among the 4 largest dams in the world are African but the largest •African Power plant is only at the 30th rank in the world…
For example: Grand Inga could produce 280 TWh•
Large possibilities of transmission
Interconnections in progress•
WAPP EAPP
SAPP CAPP NAPP
WAPP EAPP
SAPP
NAPP
CAPP
World Declaration
Under the impulse of ICOLD, several International Organizations decided to sign in 2008 a common World Declaration in order to support:
“ Dams and Hydropower for Africa Sustainable Development”
AU African Union, WEC World Energy CouncilICID International Commission on Irrigation and DrainageUSCE US Corp of EngineersIHA International Hydropower AssociationUPDEA Union of Producers and Distributor of Electricity in AfricaICOLD International Commission on Large Dams
Etc ..
Conditions are now ripe for
Conditions are now ripe for hydropower development in Africa
“ Its is a period of unique opportunity” The political context is very favourable: Ministerial Declaration, •
Johannesburg, March 9 2006 had a strong message for Hydropower
International financing institutions are encouraging dam and Hydropower•
Hydropower generation is “ cheap” while other energies’ prices are high•
Hydropower generation is “ clean” and part of solution to climate change •
The interconnected high voltage African network is being constructed•
Hydropower potential in Africa is vast and underexploited•
Needs of the African population is now almost in a case of emergency•
“ Nothing can be started without developing Capacity Building first ”
ICOLD launched in 2006 a first training programme for African technicians and engineers:
Programme: 3 Years - 1 month per year•
Participants number: around 20 persons per year•
Participants from : Mali, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Nigeria, Zambia etc•
Host country of the programme: Turkey (DSI)•
This pilot programme will be duplicated with other countries: China Morocco, Austria, Spain, France, …
ICOLD also launched Several Regional Congresses in Africa in order to share experiences in Dam & Hydropower: Burkina 2006, Nigeria 2007 …
African Countries Members of ICOLD
Algeria
Burkina FasoSouth Africa
CameroonCongo (RDC)Ivory Coast
EgyptEthiopiaGhana
Lesotho
Libya
MaliMoroccoMozambique
MadagascarNigeriaSudan
TunisiaZambia
Zimbabwe
Main Dam benefitsfor African countries
Dams are an answer to support the development of the countries
Dams for large agriculture development
Dams for a cheap and sustainable energy in the cities and villages
Dams for water for every body
Main benefits for ICOLD members
To belong to a widely recognized international organisation
To share a one century-old experience and knowledge
To meet potential partners for elaborating and developing projects
To get logistical support from ICOLD Central Office for documentation and contacts.
To access to the richest library in the world in the field of dams
To contribute to the evolution of knowledge in the field of dams, water and hydroelectricity
To be an actor of the evolution of our world …
Quote“ Political freedom alone is still not enough
if you lack clean water.
Freedom alone is not enoughwithout light to read at night,without time or access to water to irrigate you farm, without the ability to catch fish to feed your family.
For these reasonsthe struggle for sustainable developmentnearly equals the struggle for political freedom.
They can grow togetheror they can unravel each other.”
Nelson Mandela
Thank you !
www.icold-cigb.org
We invite you to join us:
May 2011 ICOLD Annual Meeting LUCERNE SwitzerlandMay 2012 ICOLD Congress KYOTO Japan