Ca mrak Fubkfa sbdgobktarga db Faobrls sb clfacgza bk b c sbftlr KB db Bspaña, bk bc raoac sbptbktrglkac dbc Vgstboa G`çrgfl. Bstá ilroada plr dls su`fubkfas, Faobrls lffgdbktac (VB db @urmls y K] db Vlrga) y Faobrls lrgbktac (KB db Vlrga y V db Ca Pglha) bk cas qub sb jak bsta`cbfgdl fgkfl Mrupls cgtlbstratgmráfifls iáfgcobktb rbflklfg`cbs bk bc tb- rrbkl (Tgsfjbr , 1799), qub db oás aktgmul a oás rbfgbktb rbfg`bk cls klo- `rbs db Tbra (Vlrga, @urmls y Ca Pglha), Lkfaca (Vlrga y ogklrgtargaobktb Ca Pglha), Rr`gök (Vlrga, @urmls y Ca Pglha), Bkfgsl y Lcgvák (ao`ls bk Ca Pglha). A pbsar db rbfg`gr ca ogsoa dbklogkafgök, cls Mrupls lrgbktacbs kl slk sgkfrökgfls db cls lffgdbktacbs. Ca Fubkfa tuvl su oáxgol dbsarrlccl bk bc tráksgtl Hurásgfl tbrogkac-Frb- táfgfl gkibrglr y bc obdgl sbdgobktargl iub fasg bxfcusgvaobktb flktgkbktac. Bc Mrupl Lkfaca tgbkb su oáxgoa bxprbsgök bk bc klrtb db Vlrga (Tgbrras Actas). Vb ja dgvgdgdl bk dls Aclilroafglkbs (Möobz-Ibrkákdbz, 1770)8 Aio. Juçrtbcbs, bk ca qub jak aparbfgdl oás db 1:> afflraogbktls db gfkgtas db vbrtb`radls. Aio. Yacdbpradl , bk ca qub apbkas sb ja sbñacadl uk par db yafgogbktls. Ac flkhuktl sb cb atrg`uyb uka bdad Tgtökgfl-@brrga- sgbksb/@brrgasgbksb obdgl (Oas bt ac., 1776). Ca rbflks- truffgök pacblmblmráfifa db ca zlka bs ca db uka mrak ccakura ffuvgac, flk camukas, zlkas paktaklsas y uk mrak caml fbktrac db amuas sacl`rbs y pbroakbktbs qub duraktb ca çplfa db sbquïa sbrïa db tgpl pcaya-caeb. Bc fcgoa sbrïa su`trlpgfac flk prbdlogkgl db jbcbfjls y flkïibras. Dgstrg`ufgök db cas fubkfas sbdgobktargas obslzlgfas bk bc fuadraktb KB db Bspaña. Clfacgzafgök dbc mrupl Lkfaca bk bc klrtb db Vlrga, su`fubkfa lrgbktac db ca fubkfa sbdgobktarga db Faobrls. GFKGTAV DB FLFLDPGCLV GFKGTAV DB FLFLDPGCLV Vlk ouy bsfasas y jak aparb- fgdl bk ouy plfls yafgogbktls8 @rbtøk, @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs y @arrakfl db Yacduçrtbcbs, qub sb bkfubktrak bk cas oármbkbs dbc rïl Fgdafls y bk bc Yaccb db Yacdbcaclsa. Mrafgas a cls rastrls b gfkgtas agscadas bkflktradls bk @rbtøk y bk bc @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs sb jak frbadl uka kubva gfkl-iaogcga Frlfldyclpldgdab, uk kubvl gfklmçkbrl y uka kub- va gfklbspbfgb, Frlfldyclpldus obghgdbg Frlfldyclpldus obghgdbg (Iubktbs Ygdartb y Obghgdb Facvl, 1777). GFKGTAV DB AYBV GFKGTAV DB AYBV Bk bc @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs sb jak flkta`gcgzadl 0>= jubccas lrgbktadas bk ca ogsoa dgrbffgök qub sb jak dbsgmkadl flol Arfjablrkgtjgpus obghgdbg Arfjablrkgtjgpus obghgdbg (Iubktbs Ygdartb, 1779) y qub sb faraftbrgzak plr su mrak taoañl. Bk bc yafgogbktl db Ca Iubktb Ogkml, bk ca oármbk dbrbfja dbc rïl Fgdafls sb ja bkflktradl uk rastrl db 10 jubccas db ca ogsoa gfklbspbfgb y sb jak akltadl jubccas agscadas bk vargls afflraogbktls a cl carml db cls rïls Fgdafls y Ybktlsa. GFKGTAV DB ^TBPLVARPGLV GFKGTAV DB ^TBPLVARPGLV Bc mrupl Lkfaca ja rbsuctadl sbr bxtralrdgkargaobktb rgfl bk bstb tgpl db jubccas, sb jak flkta`gcgzadl fbrfa db 6>>> gfkgtas bk ac obkls 6> yafgogbktls rbpartgdls plr tlda ca zlka db bstudgl, flk ca frbafgök db fgkfl kubvas gfklbspbfgbs. ^tbragfjkus pacafgbg-sabkzg ^tbragfjkus pacafgbg-sabkzg , ^asfuac Arrg`as y Vakz ^çrbz 0>>>, db faraftbrïstgfas sgogcarbs a ^tbragfjkus sactwasjbksgs Vtlebs 172=5 ^tbragfjkus vbtust glr ^tbragfjkus oakubcg ^tbragfjkus ^tbragfjkus vbtustglr , ^tbragfjkus oakubcg, ^tbragfjkus parvus parvus , Iubktbs Ygdartb, Obghgdb Facvl, I. Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. Obghgdb Iubktbs 0>>4, qub sb dgibrbkfgak fcaraobktb db ca bspbfgb lrgmgkac plrqub bc tacök dbc pgb bs rbdlkdbadl l fuadrakmucar y kl trgakmucar flol bk aqubcca y ^tbragfjkus clkmgpldus ^tbragfjkus clkmgpldus , Iubktbs Ygdartb, Obghgdb Facvl, I. Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. Obghgdb Iubktb 0>>4, fuya faraftbrïstgfa oás goplrtaktb bs ca bxtralrdgkarga clkmgtud dbc pgb, qub prbsbkta adboás uka iubrtb flkstrgffgök plr db`ahl db cls dbdls y tacök tao`gçk rbdlkdbadl. GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV TBPÖ^LDLV GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV TBPÖ^LDLV Vb jak gkvbktargadl 7> yafgogbktls bk cls qub aparbfbk rastrls l gfkgtas agscadas db bstb tgpl db dgklsaurgls, flkfbktradls sl`rb tldl bk cas fubkfas db cls rïls @als, Fgdafls y Ybktlsa. Vgk bo`arml y a pbsar db su mrak vargbdad olriltïpgfa y db su a`ukdakfga, jasta ca ibfja slcl sb jak fcasgfifadl dls tgpls db jubccas a kgvbc gfklmbkçrgfl l gfklbspbfï fifl8 Tjbrakmlspldus lkfacbksgs Tjbrakmlspldus lkfacbksgs Olratacca 1776 y Eacljgpus `rbtukbksgs Eacljgpus `rbtukbksgs Iubktbs Ygdartb y Obghgdb Facvl 177:. GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV LPKGTÖ^LDLV GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV LPKGTÖ^LDLV Vb jak sbñacadl 0> yafgogbktls qub sb flkfbktrak bk ca zlka supbrglr dbc vaccb dbc rïl Fgdafls, bk bc vaccb dbc rïl @als y bk ca flkffubkfga db cls rïls Ybktlsa y Cgkarbs. Vlcl bk uka lfasgök sb ja bkflktradl uk rastrl `gbk oarfadl, bk bc yafgogbktl db ^acafgl db Vak ^bdrl bk ca oármbk dbrbfja dbc rïl Ybktlsa. GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV VARPÖ^LDLV GFKGTAV DB DGKLVARPGLV VARPÖ^LDLV Vb jak gkvbktargadl vargls rastrls y jubccas agscadas bk trbs zlkas `astaktb sbparadas bktrb sg8 bk bc vaccb dbc rïl Fgdafls jasta su flkffubkfga flk bc rïl @als, bk bc vaccb dbc rïl Oaylr y bk bc Yaccb db Ografflrbs, trg`utargl dbc rïl Yacdbpradl. Bk bc yafgogbktl db –Bc sacmar db Vgccas‟ sb ja dbtbrog- kadl ca gfklbspbfgb ^ara`rlktlpldus dgstbrfg ^ara`rlktlpldu s dgstbrfg Obghgdb Iubktbs, Iubktbs Ygdartb, Obghgdb Facvl, Obghgdb Iubktbs 1777 y bk bc db –Ca Pbvgccbha‟ ca gfklbspbfgb @rlktlpldus lkfacbksgs @rlktlpldus lkfacbksgs Obghgdb Iubktbs, Iubktbs Ygdartb, Obghgdb Facvl, Obghgdb Iubktbs 0>>4, ao`ls bk bc pub`cl db Cls Faopls, bk ca fa`bfbra dbc rïl Fgdafls. @g`cglmraiïa IubktbsYgdartb, F. (1779). Xu`ïak¸ 148 2=-94. IubktbsYgdartb, F. (1779). BstudglsMblcömgflsk¸ 208 96-=2. IubktbsYgdartb, F. & ObghgdbFacvl,O. (177:)8 BstudglsMblcömgflsk¸ 248 14=-120. IubktbsYgdartb, F. & ObghgdbFacvl,O. (1777)8 AftasG HlrkadasGktbrkafglkacbssl`rb pacblktlclmïadb dgklsaurglsy su bktlrkl, Vacasdb clsGkiaktbs8 607-66:. IubktbsYgdartb, F.5 ObghgdbFacvl, O.5 ObghgdbIubktbs, I. & Obghg dbIubktbs, O. (0>>6). Gk ^çrbzClrbktb fllrd. –Dgklsaurglsy ltrlsrb ptgcbsObslzlgflsdb Bspaña‟, GBP. K¸ 098 117-10:. IubktbsYgdartb, F.5 ObghgdbFacvl, O.5 ObghgdbIubktbs, I. & Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. (0>>4). Fbctg`brgak¸ 7:8 4=1-47>. IubktbsYgdartb, F.5 ObghgdbFacvl, O.5 ObghgdbIubktbs, I. & ObghgdbIubktbs, O (0>>4). VtudgaMblclmgfaVacoaktgfbksgak¸ 468 1>6-114. IubktbsYgdartb, F.5 ObghgdbFacvl, O.5 ObghgdbIubktbs, I. & Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. (0>>2). Fbctg`brgak¸ 77869=-4>4. MöobzIbrkákdbz, H. F. TbsgsRFO, 646 pp. Oas,H. P.5 Aclksl, A. & M ugobrá, H. (1776). PbvgstaVlfgbdad MblcömgfaBspaña k¸ 98 107-144. ObghgdbFacvl,O. & IubktbsYgdartb, F. (1777). AftasG HlrkadasGktbrkafglkacbssl`rb pacblktlclmïadbdgklsaurgls y su bktlrkl, Vacasdbcls Gkiaktbs8 67=-4>9. ObghgdbIubktbs, I.,IubktbsYgdartb, F. & ObghgdbFacvl, O. (1777). AftasG HlrkadasGktbrkafglkacbssl`rb pacblktlclmïadb dgklsaurglsy su bktlrkl, Vacasdb clsGkiaktbs8 4>=-412. ObghgdbIubktbs, I.5 IubktbsYgdartb, F.5 ObghgdbFacvl, O. & Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. (0>>4). Fbctg`brgak¸ 7:8 471-212. Olratacca, H. H. (1776). TbsgsRAO, =07 pp. ^asfuac Arrg`as, F. & Vakz^çrbz, B. (0>>>). BstudglsMblcömgfls k¸ 298 =6-1>>. ^asfuac Arrg`as, F. & Vakz^çrbz, B. (0>>>). BstudglsMblcömgfls k¸ 298 41-91. Tgsfjbr, M.(1799). Kltasy Floukgfafglkbs. GMOB k¸ :18 2=-=:. ^tbragfjkus clkmgpldus ^tbragfjkus clkmgpldus Wafgogbktl8 @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs (Ygccar dbc Pïl). Pbcafgök db clkmgtudbs db cls dbdls db ca oakl8 18181,=. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 6> oo. Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 69,9 oo. ^tbragfjkus parvus ^tbragfjkus parvus Wafgogbktls. Ca Iubktbs Ogkml (Yacclrga) Cas Acdbjubcas, Yaccbs db Yacdbcaclsa. Pbcafgök db clkmgtudbs db cls dbdls db ca oakl8 18181,=. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 06 oo. Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 12 oo. ^tbragfjkus oakubcg ^tbragfjkus oakubcg Wafgogbktl8 @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs (Ygccar dbc Pïl). Pbcafgök db clkmgtudbs db cls dbdls db ca oakl8 180,286,2. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 02 oo. Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 01 oo. ^tbragfjkus vbtustglr ^tbragfjkus vbtustglr Wafgogbktls8 Yaccbs db Yacdbcaclsa, Oatasbhøk. Pbcafgök db clkmgtudbs db cls dbdls db ca oakl8 181,980,9. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 => oo. Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 112 oo. Arfjablrkgtjgpus obghgdbg Arfjablrkgtjgpus obghgdbg Wafgogbktls8 @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs (Ygccar dbc Pïl), Ca Iubktb Ogkml (Yacclrga), Ybktlsa db Vak ^bdrl, @arrakfl db Yacduçrtbcbs (Ygccar dbc Pïl). Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 10> oo. Akmucafgök obdga bktrb cls dbdls GG-GY8 11:¸ . Frlfldyclpldus obghgdbg Frlfldyclpldus obghgdbg Wafgogbktls8 Iubktb Caflrtb (@rb- tøk), @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs, Yaccbs db Yacdbcaclsa. Clkmgtud db ca oakl8 10-04 oo (pbktadáftgca). Clkmgtud dbc pgb8 6>-=> oo (tbtra- dáftgcl). Akmucl db pasl db pgb8 1>>¸-162¸. Akmucl db pasl db ca oakl8 1>2¸-14>¸. @rlktlpldus lkfacbksgs @rlktlpldus lkfacbksgs Wafgogbktl8 Ca Pbvgccbha (Cls Faopls). Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 4:0 oo. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 0=: oo. Akmucl db pasl dbc pgb8 =2¸-:=¸. Akmucl db pasl db ca oakl8 92¸-=0,2¸. ^ara`rlktlpldus dgstbrfgg ^ara`rlktlpldus dgstbrfgg Wafgogbktl8 Bc Vacmar db Vgccas, (Cls Faopls). Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 14:2 oo. Clkmgtud obdga db ca oakl8 612 oo. Akmucl db pasl dbc pgb8 62¸-4>¸. Akmucl db pasl db ca oakl8 02¸-6>¸. Wafgogbktl db Ca Clsa GG (^acafgl db Vak ^bdrl). Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 1>2 oo. Akfjura obdga dbc pgb8 72 oo. Wafgogbktl db Wakmuas. Clkmgtud dbc pgb8 64> oo. Akfjura dbc pgb8 002 oo. Wafgogbktl db Ygccasbfa @ahbra. Clkmgtud db ca gfkgta8 97> oo. Akfjura db ca gfkgta8 22> oo. Wafgogbktl db Ca Camuka. Clkmgtud db ca gfkgta8 46> oo. Akfjura db ca gfkgta8 6>> oo. Wafgogbktl db Yacdbmçk G. Clkmgtud obdga db cas gfkgtas8 61> oo. Akfjura obdga db cas gfkgtas8 00> oo. Akmucl bktrb cls dbdls GG-GY8 4>¸-2>¸ Wafgogbktl Ca Cl sa G l Ca Dbjbsgcca (^acafgl db Vak ^bdrl). Clkmgtud obdga db cas gfkgtas8 1:1 oo. Akfjura obdga db cas gfkgtas8 126 oo. Akmucl bktrb cls dbdls GG-GY8 :6,2¸. Eacljgpus `rbtukbksgs Eacljgpus `rbtukbksgs Wafgogbktls8 Brogta db Vakta Frgstgka (@rbtøk), Yaccb db Yacdbcaclsa, @arrakfl db Vbrraktbs, @arrakfl db Yacduçrtbcbs. Clkmgtud dbc pgb8 22-=2 oo. Akmucafgök obdga bktrb cls dbdls GG-GY8 97¸. Akmucl db pasl8 1=>¸-1=2¸. Yacdbcaclsa G Yacdbcaclsa GG ^tbragfjkus clkmgpld us. Vbrraktbs. GFKGTAV DB TLPTRMAV GFKGTAV DB TLPTRMAV Vlk bsfasïs goas pbrl jak aparbfgdl jubccas db dls tgpls db tlrtumas dgibrbktbs. Bk bc @arrakfl db Yacduçrtbcbs, trg`utargl dbc rïl Fgdafls, sb ja bkflktradl bc rastrl db uka tlrtuma afuátgfa, Boydjgpus faobrlg Boydjgpus faobrlg (Iubktbs Ygdartb, Obghgdb Facvl, I. Obg- hgdb Iubktbs, O. Obghgdb Iubktbs, 0>>6) y bk ukl db cls `arrakfls dbc Yaccb db Yac- dbcaclsa qub va a dbsbo`lfar bk bc rïl Yacdbpradl, cas jubccas db uka mrak tlrtuma db já`gtls tbrrbstrbs (Iubktbs Ygdartb bt ac., 0>>7). Jubccas db tlrtuma tbrrbstrb. Wafgogbktl8 Yaccbs db Yacdbcaclsa. Dgáobtrl db ca gfkgta8 :>-16> oo. Boydjgpus faobrlg Boydjgpus faobrlg Wafgogbktl8 @arrakfl db Yacduçrtbcbs (Ygccar dbc Pïl). Clkmgtud db ca oakl8 1= oo (tbtradáftgca). Clkmgtud obdga dbc pgb8 11,2 oo (tbtradáftgcl). Akmucl db pasl db pgb8 96¸-:2¸. F.Iubktbs Ygdartb, O. Obghgdb Facvl, I. Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. Obghgdb Iubktbs F.Iubktbs Ygdartb, O. Obghgdb Facvl, I. Obghgdb Iubktbs, O. Obghgdb Iubktbs F/ Acoazák, 1= 40>>4 Vlrga, Bspaña. F/ Acoazák, 1= 40>>4 Vlrga, Bspaña. farlciubktbsNlkl.flo farlciubktbsNlkl.flo T btraplds illtprgkts li tjb Clwbr Frbtafblus Tgtjlkgak-@brrga sgak) li tjb Vgbrra db Lk faca Vlrga, Vpagk). T btraplds illtprgkts li tjb Clwbr Frbtafblus (Tgtjlkg ak-@brrgasgak) li tjb Vgbrra db Lkfaca (Vlrga, Vpagk). JRBCCAV DB TBTPÁ^LDLV DBC FPBTÁFGFL GKIBPGLP JRBCCAV DB TBTPÁ^LDLV DBC FPBTÁFGFL GKIBPGLP TGTÖKGFL-@BPPGAVGBKVB) DB CA VGBPPA DB LKFACA (TGTÖKGFL-@BPPGAVGBKVB) DB CA VGBPPA DB LKFACA VLPGA, BV^AÑA). (VLPGA, BV^AÑA). DGVBÑL WOAQRBTAFGÖK ]]] AP ]]]. AP V V MBKTRO FLO MBKTRO .FLO ^tbragfjkus parvus ^tbragfjkus oakubcg ^tbragfjkus vbtustglr Boydjgpus faobrlg Wafgogbktl db Yacdbmbk G Eacljgpus `rbtukbksgs db Vta Frgstgka. ^ara`rlktlpldus dgstbrfgg. Wafgogbktl Cls Faopls G @rlktlpldus lkfacbksgs. Wafgogbktl Cls Faopls GG