ICCRI INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Jl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember 68118, Jawa Timur Tlp. +62 331 757130, 757132 Fax. +62 331 757131 E-mail.

ICCRI

INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTEJl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember 68118, Jawa Timur Tlp. +62 331 757130, 757132 Fax. +62 331 757131

E-mail : [email protected] http://www.iccri.net

Replanting: The Key for sustainable Supply of Indonesian coffee

Ucu Sumirat & Pujiyanto

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A cup of coffee: warming relationships to make a better world

Story of a cup of coffee……

http://www.arizonafoothillsmagazine.com/valleygirlblog/wp-content/uploads/imgage4.jpg

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An excellent cup of coffee will only be obtained by hard

effort….Solve the constraints of production:

ICCRI



World Coffee ProductionSpecies contribution

42%

57%

1%

ArabicaRobusta

Liberica

33,3%

19,7%8,1%6,0%

4,3%

3,4%

3,4%

3,0%

2,7%

2,6%

2,4%11,1%

Brazil Vietnam

Colombia Indonesia

Ethiopia India

Honduras Peru

Uganda Mexico

Guatemala Others

Top World Producer

(USDA, 2014)

(Wintgens, 2004)

(USDA, 2014)

ICCRI



World coffee situation: Production share

Arabica

40,3%

14,6%7,7%

6,1%

5,5%

4,5%

4,4%

2,0%1,9%

1,9% 1,7%1,5%

8,0%

BrazilColombiaEthiopiaHondurasPeruMexicoGuatemalaIndiaIndonesiaCosta RicaNicaraguaVietnamOthers

42,1%

24,7%

11,1%

5,3%

4,8%2,9% 2,4% 6,8% Vietnam

Brazil

Indonesia

India

Uganda

Cote d'Ivoire

Malaysia

Others

40,3%

14,6%7,7%

6,1%

5,5%

4,5%

4,4%

2,0%1,9%

1,9% 1,7%1,5%

8,0%


40,3%

14,6%7,7%

6,1%

5,5%

4,5%

4,4%

2,0%1,9%

1,9% 1,7%1,5%

8,0%


42,1%

24,7%

11,1%

5,3%

4,8%2,9% 2,4% 6,8% Vietnam

Brazil

Indonesia

India

Uganda

Cote d'Ivoire

Malaysia

Others

42,1%

24,7%

11,1%

5,3%

4,8%2,9% 2,4% 6,8% Vietnam

Brazil

Indonesia

India

Uganda

Cote d'Ivoire

Malaysia

Others

Robusta

(USDA, 2014)

ICCRI



World Coffee Agricultural Practices

Intensive

IrigationHigh inputNo shade

> 4-5 ton/ha/yr

Sustainable

Agr. pract.Environt.Social

Sertification

Sustainability

(Brazil & Vietnam)

Mechanization

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1 Production 748.000 ton/year

Arabica 20 %Robusta 80 %

2 Export 410.000 – 520.000 ton

3 Yield Robusta 946 kg/ha/yearArabica 751 kg/ha/year

4 Type 90% Smallholder

PROFILE

http://thegiftsfactory.in/Coffee-Bean-Mug?search=coffee

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Indonesian coffee in the world market

Producer of the specialty products

Congolese group

Gayo, Linthong, Mandailing, Toraja, Kalosi, Java Coffee, Bali-Kintamani, Bajawa-Flores, Java Ijen-Raung, Java Preanger

Excellent cup quality of Robusta

ICCRI



Indonesian Coffee: Current situation

96,15%

3,85%

Small holderEstate

96,15%

3,85%

Small holderEstate

96,15%

3,85%

Small holderEstate

(BPS, 2014)

Land Ownership

Sumatra is occupy 63% of coffee area

ICCRI



Indonesian Coffee: Current situation

Arabica main area-Aceh-North Sumatra-West Sumatra

Robusta main area-Lampung-South Sumatra-Bengkulu

(54,2 % of Arabica area)

(52,8 % of Robusta area)

(BPS, 2014)

ICCRI



Trend of Robusta Area 2001 - 2012

ICCRI



Trend of Arabica Area 2001 - 2012

ICCRI



Indonesian Coffee: Agricultural practices

Cultivated on flat to hilly landMinimum GAP application

Unidentified planting materialsOld trees

Min. agric. practices in fertilizing, pruning, etc.

Minimum control for pest & desease, mainly parasitic nematode

Reducing economic lifespan of coffee tree

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Economic lifespan of coffee tree

Max. 20 yr.Minimum GAP application Good GAP application .

> 30 yr.

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Coffee Tree* Productivity By Age

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 250

20

40

60

80

100

120

ProductivityTrend of productivity

Age of Tree

(%)

ICCRI, 1991*Composite Arabica-Robusta

ICCRI



Estimation of age of coffee trees in Indonesia based on area

16%8,5%

55,5%

12,1%

Young trees (<15 yr)

Medium to old trees (15-20 yr)Old trees (>20 yr)

Immature trees*

Mature trees

Destruct trees*

Less productive trees

Estimated from Ditjenbun (2011) and BPS (2014)

ICCRI



Indonesian Coffee: Estimation of growth of coffee productivity

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Year

(% )

Actual productivityTrend productivity Forecast productivity

BPS (2014) & Ditjenbun (2011)

ICCRI



ChallengesPests and deseases

Climate Change

Leaf Rust (Arabica)NematodeCoffee Berry Borer

Prolonged Dry SeasonExessive precipitation

EconomicCompetition with other commodity

Oil palm in SumateraTimber (Albizzia sp) in Java

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1.Doubling Yield to attract farmers back to coffee AgribussinessStrengthening Farmer groups (Empowering farmers)GAP applicationsBetter access to finance and agricultural inputs

2. GAP applications- Rejuvination/Rehabilitation with adapted superior planting materials- Appropriate fertilizations (soil/leaf analysis)- IPM (Integrated Pest Management)

3. Quality improvement4. Developing traceable coffee5. Simplification the supply chain(From farmers to

end users)

OPPORTUNITIES

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Replanting:Urgent to ensure sustainable supply

Why replanting?

To reduce percentage of old and unproductive trees

To increase productivity as well as income of farmer

To increase cup quality of Indonesian coffee

To save the economic lifespan of coffee tree due to Nematode

ICCRI



Shading trees

Supporting programs for succesfull replanting

The use of root-stock resistant to Nematode

Farmers trainig for GAP (pruning, controlling pest & desease, soil conservation, etc.)

Fertilization programs

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BP 308

Rootstock Resistant to Nematode and Drought stress

ICCRI


E-mail : [email protected] http://www.iccri.net23

HEALTHY FARMS WITH GOOD CROPS

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THANK YOU

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ICCRI INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Jl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember 68118, Jawa Timur Tlp. +62 331 757130, 757132 Fax. +62 331 757131 E-mail.

Documents

iccri indonesian coffee

coffee area slide

java coffee

cup of coffee slide

cocoa research institute

pb sudirman

jawa timur tlp

world coffee situation