Stephen Loss and Hichem Ben Salem Diversified and Sustainable Production Systems, ICARDA ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences Presentation Outline • overview of CA projects • details of successful Iraq/Syria project • ongoing constraints to adoption
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Stephen Loss and Hichem Ben SalemDiversified and Sustainable Production Systems, ICARDA
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture
Experiences
Presentation Outline
• overview of CA projects
• details of successful Iraq/Syria project
• ongoing constraints to adoption
Project title Countries Years Funder
On-farm soil and water management for
sustainable agricultural systems in Central Asia
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM, UZB
2000 – 2003 ADB
Improving rural livelihoods through efficient on-
farm water and soil fertility Management in
Central Asia
AZ, KZ, KRG,
TJK, TKM,
UZB
2004 – 2007 ADB
Enabling Communities in the Aral Sea Basin to
Combat Land and Water Resource Degradation
through the Creation of ‘Bright’ Spots
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM and UZB
2007 – 2009 ADB
Sustainable agriculture practices in the drought
affected region of Karakalpakstan
UZB 2003 – 2007 FAO
Support Project on Sustainable Land
Management Research
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM, UZB
2007 – 2009 ADB
Conservation Agriculture for Irrigated areas in
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
AZ, KZ and
UZB
2011 – 2013 GoT
Integrated Crop-Livestock CA for Sustainable
Intensification of Cereal-based Systems in
North Africa and Central Asia
TJK 2013 - 2016 IFAD
CA Projects in Central Asia
• Kazakhstan 2.1 million ha,
• Uzbekistan 0.6 million ha min-till wheat (1 yr only),
including 2,450 ha in rainfed area,
• Tajikistan 25,000-50,000 ha min-till wheat,
• Kyrgyzstan 700 ha,
• Turkmenistan no data.
CA Adoption in Central Asia
FOOD LEGUMES (lentil, grasspea, chickpea)
Estimated 18 - 20,000ha CA in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.
ICRISAT promoting CA technology in chickpea and ICARDA for
lentil & grasspea.
450,000 ha broadcast seeding of
grasspea as a relay crop after rice in
Bangladesh, Nepal and India (Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, eastern Uttar Pradesh,
Assam and West Bengal).
CA Adoption in South Asia
Project title Countries Years Funder
Promotion of conservation cropping in the
drylands of northern Iraq
Iraq (Syria) 2005– 2015 ACIAR
Improving the Food Security and Climate Change
Adaptability of Livestock Producers using the
Rainfed Barley-based System
in Iraq and Jordan
Iraq & Jordan 2011 – 2014 IFAD
Adapting CA for Rapid Adoption by Smallholder
Farmers in North Africa
Morocco,
Algeria &
Tunisia
2012 – 2015 ACIAR
Integrated Crop-Livestock CA for Sustainable
Intensification of Cereal-based Systems in North
Africa and Central Asia
Algeria,
Tunisia & TJK
2013 - 2016 IFAD
CRP Dryland Systems Morocco,
Tunisia &
Syria,/Jordan
2013 - CGIAR
CA Projects in Middle East & North Africa
Promotion of Conservation Agriculture
in Drylands of Northern Iraq 2005-15
University of Western Australia
University of Adelaide
University of Mosul, Iraq*
State Boards of Agricultural Research, Iraq
Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq
Directorate of Agriculture, Iraq
ACIAR CA Project - Target Region
Phase 1: 2005-08
Phase 2: 2008-12
Phase 3: 2012-14
expanded target
area
Used Australian
experience &
knowledge because
of similar agro-
ecologies.
Aleppo
Progress: 2005 to 2012Project Impact 2005-2014
Good start in develop promoting zero tillage in Iraq & Syria
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Nu
mb
er
of
Farm
ers
Are
a o
f zero
-tilla
ge (
ha)
Iraq Area
Syria Area
Iraq Farmers
Syria Farmers
?
Three pivotal strategies were :
1. Focus on adaptive research and development
2. Availability of low cost zero-tillage seeders
3. Participatory extension – farmer testing
How Has Adoption Come About?How Has Adoption Come About?
Strategy 1:Tillage R & D
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
CT
ZT
Mean
Gra
in Y
ield
kg
/ha
Mean yield CT vs ZT over four years* at Tel Hadya, Syria
2008/09 – 2011/12
Strategy 1:Tillage R & DM
ean
Gra
in Y
ield
kg
/ha
Mean yield early vs late over four years* at Tel Hadya
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
Sown early
Sown 4 wks later
2008/09 – 2011/12
Strategy 1:Tillage R & DM
ean
Gra
in Y
ield
kg
/ha
Mean yield early ZT vs late CTover four years* at Tel Hadya
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
CT Late
ZT Early
18% 20% 12% 15% mean increase
2008/09 – 2011/12
Many development projects relied on
imported zero-tillage (ZT) seeders
European or South American seeders
- big, heavy, & expensive.
Imported ZT Indian seeders
– light & fragile
Can we do better locally?
Can we modify existing seeders?
Can we make our own?
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders
Dr Jacky Desbiolles
Uni of South Australia
Seeder training Erbil 2013
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders
Seeder features: all spring tines, wide-spaced rows, narrow points, seed/fertilizer