Joint Institute for Nuclear Research IBR IBR - - 2 reactor for nanophysics and 2 reactor for nanophysics and applied research applied research A.V.Belushkin A.V.Belushkin Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Dubna Dubna , , Russia Russia
32
Embed
IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied researchtheor.jinr.ru/meetings/2009/rt/talks/Belushkin.pdf · IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied research ... packing under osmotic
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
IBRIBR--2 reactor for nanophysics and 2 reactor for nanophysics and applied researchapplied research
A.V.BelushkinA.V.Belushkin
Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, DubnaDubna, , RussiaRussia
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
IBRIBR--2 2 –– fast pulsing reactor. fast pulsing reactor. Included in 20Included in 20--years strategic research program with neutrons in Europeyears strategic research program with neutrons in Europe
Source: IAEASource: IAEA--TECDOCTECDOC--1439, February 20051439, February 2005
moderator
active core
movable reflector
IBR-2
powerpulses
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
IBRIBR--2 Reactor Spectrometers Complex 2 Reactor Spectrometers Complex –– the main JINR basic the main JINR basic facility for condensed matter physics research with neutronsfacility for condensed matter physics research with neutrons
3 new spectrometers projects under realization – DN-6, GRAINS, FSD
Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchREMUR – reflectometer with
polarized neutrons
HRFD – high resolution Fourier diffractometerYuMO – small angle scattering
spectrometer
DN-12 – diffractometer for studies of microsamples under extreme conditions
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Epsilon-MDS and SKAT diffractometers complex for studies of geological materials
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCHPRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH
•Physics of Nanosystems
•Structure and Dynamics of Functional Materials
•Complex Liquids and Polymers
•Molecular Biology and Pharmacology
•Structure of rocks and minerals
•Neutron Nanodiagnostics
Fe(3-5 нм)
Сr(1-2 нм)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Qz
Qx
GISANSGISANS
ReflectometryReflectometry
experimentexperiment
model calculationsmodel calculationsOff-specularscattering
Principle scheme of the experiment Principle scheme of the experiment using neutron reflectionusing neutron reflection
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Studies of magnetic nanostructures by polarized neutron Studies of magnetic nanostructures by polarized neutron reflectometryreflectometry
b) Dilute magnetic semi-conductors as spin-injectors in semiconductor heterostructures
c) Laterally patterned magnetic films
d) Ferromagnetic films on antiferro-magnetic substrates with exchange bias through common interfaces e) Spring magnets consisting of a top soft magnetic layer exchange coupled to a magnetically hard layer.
a) Exchange coupled superlattice with anti-ferromagnetic ordering (e.g. GMR and TMR systems)
A commercial IBM giant A commercial IBM giant magnetoresistancemagnetoresistance read read headhead
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Neutron wavelength, Å
αf, rad
Found magnetic structure as a function of Found magnetic structure as a function of depth. Twisted canted states in exchangedepth. Twisted canted states in exchange--coupled coupled multilayersmultilayers are induced by a magnetic are induced by a magnetic field applied.field applied.
Magnetic offMagnetic off--specularspecular reflection of polarized neutrons from reflection of polarized neutrons from multilayersmultilayers Cr/FeCr/Fe
qx
FeCr
kikf
qzpipf
αi αf
q
TU Muenchen (Germany), ILL (France), PNPI RAS (Russia), FLNP-JINR
Scheme of Scheme of experimentexperiment
Scattering pattern from sampleScattering pattern from sample[[5757Fe(67Fe(67ÅÅ))/Cr(9/Cr(9ÅÅ))]]1212/Al/Al22OO33, H=200 , H=200 OeOe
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
YuMOYuMO –– smallsmall--angle scattering spectrometer at IBRangle scattering spectrometer at IBR--22
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
The study of structure aspects of optical properties The study of structure aspects of optical properties in the in the nanosystemnanosystem GeOGeO22--EuEu22OO33--AgAg
0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1
To=350 oC
To=800 oC
To=350 oC
95GeO2-5Eu2O3
To=800 oC
q, Χ -1
94,9GeO2-5Eu2O3-0,1Ag
0 50 100 1500.0
3.0x10-4
6.0x10-4
9.0x10-4
1.2x10-3
1.5x10-3
94,9GeO2-5Eu2O3-0,1Ag
95GeO2-5Eu2O3
Тo=550 0С
r, Χ
p(r)
, arb
.uni
ts
Silver doping effectSilver doping effect
XX--Ray Ray diffractiondiffraction
Small angle Small angle neutron scattering neutron scattering
The breakage of clusters The breakage of clusters because of the formation of because of the formation of EuEu--
OO--Ag bonds. Ag bonds.
Increasing of luminescence intensity
~1000 ~1000 times
Experimental Experimental methodsmethods
Crystal Crystal structurestructure
NanostructureNanostructure
AgAgdopingdoping
An increase in the intensity of luminescence An increase in the intensity of luminescence excitation lines excitation lines 77FF00 →→ 55LL66 and and 77FF00 →→ 55HH66 of Euof Eu3+3+
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Magnetic fluids for brain cancer treatment:Magnetic fluids for brain cancer treatment:magnetite in water with double layers of magnetite in water with double layers of myristicmyristic (MA) and (MA) and lauriclauric (LA) acids(LA) acids
MA+MA
LA+LA
0.1 11E-4
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
I, cm
-1
q, nm-1
OA + OAMA + MALA + LA
Electron microscopy
Small-angle neutron scattering
Penetrationinto cells
MA+MA
LA+LA
SANS curves
0 5 10 15 20 250.00
0.01
0.02
LA+LA
OA+OA
MA+MA
DV
R, nm
Particle sizedistributions
20 nm
20 nm
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Aggregate structure in liquid dispersions of Aggregate structure in liquid dispersions of detonation detonation ultrananocrystallineultrananocrystalline diamond (DUNCD)diamond (DUNCD)
M.V.Avdeev, N.N.Rozhkova, V.L.Aksenov, V.M.Garamus, R.Willumeit, E.Osawa, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009) 9473–9479.
I – initial powder, diamond crystallites (size ~6 nm) in non-diamond porous matrix
II – liquid (water) dispersion of diamond crystallittesafter wet milling procedure (C ~ 1 wt. %)
III – growth of the new branched clusters (size > 40 nm, D ~ 2.3)
IV – dispersion after concentrating (C ~ 10 wt. %) with interpenetrating aggregates
100 nm
0.1 10.1
1
10
100
DUNCD in DMSO
DUNCD in H2O
I(q)/c
, cm
-1
q, nm-1
10 wt. % 5 wt. % 2 wt % 0.5 wt. %
(a)
SANS curves for different nanodiamond dispersions showing that the correlation length becomes less than the cluster size when
concentrating the systems (cluster interpenetration).
~q-2.3
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
0.01 0.1
0.1
1
10
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0550 Å-1
0.0276 Å-1
Iexp
- (a
+aqc )
q, Å-1
Inte
nsity
, cm
-1
q, Å-1
A
d0.01 0.1
0.1
1
10
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0464 Å-1
0.0266 Å-1
I exp
- (a
qc +b
)
q, Å-1
Inte
nsity
, cm
-1
q, Å-1
B
Lamellar packing
Hexagonal packing
220 Å
a = 250 Å
Heart mitochondria
Modification of the mitochondria packing under osmotic pressure
3D structures inside mitochondria 3D structures inside mitochondria
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
MEDICINEMEDICINE
FARMACOLOGYFARMACOLOGY
BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
PHOTOCHEMISTRYPHOTOCHEMISTRY
0.01 0.11E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10G9Bu in solvents (wt/wt % C6D6/C6H6)
100 / 75 75 / 25 50 / 50 25 / 75 0 / 100
Inte
nsity
, cm
-1
Q, A-1
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025Distance distribution functions p(R)line solvent (wt/wt % C
6D
6/C
6H
6)
100 / 75 75 / 25 50 / 50 25 / 75 0 / 100
p(R
), ar
bita
ryty
uni
ts
R, Angstrom
0 2 4 6-1
0
1
2
3
4 ( )0I nV ρ= Δ
Zero
inte
nsity
1/2 , A
-2
scattering length density ρ, × 1010 cm2
match point -0.040 (± 0.015) × 1010 cm-1
partial volume 3.6 (± 0.05) × 105 A3
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Surfactant Aggregation in Solutions Applied for Track EtchingSurfactant Aggregation in Solutions Applied for Track Etchingand Its Possible Effect on the Pore Shape in Track Membranesand Its Possible Effect on the Pore Shape in Track Membranes
Exemplification of the pore shapes in TMs obtained by the etching under different conditions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films irradiated by a parallel beam of accelerated krypton ions : (a) etching with 2M NaOH at 80°C in the absence of surfactants, (b) 6 M NaOH, 70°C, DBA-Na, and (c) 3 M NaOH, 80°C, DSBS-Na; film thickness is 5μm.
Small-angle neutron scattering curves normalized with respect to surfactant concentration for (1) NBDEO +1 M KCl, (2) NBDEO + 1 M NaOH, and (3) NBDEO samples.
Geometric parameters of NBDEO micelles in the presence of KCl as determined by fitting the experimental data to model cylinders
Layout of pore formation in an ion-irradiated polymer film etched with a surfactant-containing etching solution: (a) with no regard to micelles and (b) with regard to the size and shape of micelles. Both sides of the film are in contact with the solution.
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Proton exchange membrane
Hydrogen storage and fuel cell materialsHydrogen storage and fuel cell materials
Atomic structure of the hydrogen storage material Li2BeD4, determined by
neutron diffraction at IBR-2 reactor (HRFD diffractometer
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Solid state chemistrySolid state chemistry
Solid state transformation on heating in complex ferrite
CuLi0.1V0.1Fe1.8O4, visualized by real time neutron
diffraction at IBR-2 reactor
Time scale / temperature scale: T = 400 K→ 800 K → 400 K. Heating/cooling with ≈1 grad/min. Cubic structural phase (Fd3m) transforms into tetragonal phase (I41/adm) and back.
Neutron diffraction pNeutron diffraction peakeakshift due to residual stressshift due to residual stress
The
layo
ut o
f exp
erim
ent
The
layo
ut o
f exp
erim
ent
Equipment for mining industryEquipment for mining industry
The measured residual stress distribution in the sample The measured residual stress distribution in the sample along radial coordinate along radial coordinate x.x.
Sample 1 Sample 2
“…On basis of these results ПП80НВ.00.006 type strikermade of 20X2H4A steel with surface cementation treatment was implemented in ПП80НВ perforator’s production.Application of this steel provide 2.5 times gain in mean time tofailure: for 65C2BA steel mean time to failure is about 40 hours while for 20X2H4A steel this value was increased up to 100 hours.”
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 20
Residual stress study in VVER-1000 reactor vessel
1. FEM calculation:Model 1: σy, σz
Model 2: σy
2. Austenite phase: σx, σy, σz
3. Ferrite phase: σy
0 10 20 30 40 50-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Ferrite
Aus
teni
te
inte
rpha
se b
ound
ary
at X
=8 m
m
Stre
ss, M
Pa
X, mm
8
100
43
Линия отреза
Линия отреза
Cut line
Cut
line
Virgin sample - part of the VVER-1000 reactor vessel.
Residual stress vs. X coordinate: FEM calculations in comparison with neutron data.
Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant with VVER-1000 type reactor. VVER-1000 is a 1000
MW Russian nuclear power reactor of PWR type.
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Piezoelectric textures of polycrystalline quartz allow to use the electrical methods of geophysical prospecting of quartz reef, containing gold, non-ferrous metals, single-crystalline piezo-optical raw
t i l
Quantitative texture analysis of minerals using neutron diffractionQuantitative texture analysis of
minerals using neutron diffraction
To ensure the ecological safety of nuclear waste deposits it is necessary to take into account the anisotropy of physical properties of host rock.
Information about lattice preferred orientation allows to calculate the elastic anisotropy of rocks for interpretation of seismic data.
SiO2
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
RBMK reactor scheme(Wiki)
Single crystalline elastic properties:
Orientation distribution function (ODF) of graphite grains
Calculation of polycrystalline properties
GR-280 (moderator blocks)
Texture and elastic properties of reactor graphite GR-280
Neutron diffraction measurements
Extrusion direction of the graphite block Influence of pores and cracks (via ultrasonic
experiments at different pressures)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
• Biomonitoring of atmosphericdeposition of heavy metals and otherelements (Project REGATA)
• Control of quality and safety of foodstuffs, grown in industrially contaminated areas of RF andSouth Africa (grant of SA)
• Assessment of different ecosystems and their impact on human health
• Biotechnologies: development of new pharmaceuticals and cleaning the environemntfrom toxic elements (biosorption)
• NAA for the technological process of synthesisof diamonds and NB (boron nitride)
• Analysis of archeological and museum objectsfrom Russian and other countries
• NAA for decommissioning of Nuclear PowerPlants and utulization of industrial wastes
.
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT IBRANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT IBR--2M REACTOR2M REACTOR
Instrumental
neutron activation analysis
INAA
Cyclicneutron activation
analysisCNAA
Epithermalneutron activation
analysis
ENAA
Life Sciences Material Science
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
UNECEUNECE
ААtlastlas of Heavy Metal of Heavy Metal Atmospheric Deposition in Atmospheric Deposition in Europe Europe –– assessment based assessment based
on moss analysison moss analysis
Countries collaborating with FLNP in the Countries collaborating with FLNP in the field of field of biomonitoringbiomonitoring
NAA for Environmental StudiesNAA for Environmental Studies
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
20002000/2001/2001RussiaRussia
PolandPoland
SlovakiaSlovakia
UkraineUkraine
RomaniaRomania
SerbiaSerbia
BosniaBosnia
BulgariaBulgaria
MacedoniaMacedonia2005/2006 +Croatia, Belarus and Croatia, Belarus and UdmurtiaUdmurtia (RF)(RF)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
< 3
3 - 6
6 - 9
9 - 1 2
1 2 - 1 5
1 5 - 2 0
2 0 - 2 5
2 5 - 3 0
> 3 0
V Content[ mg/kg ]
< 2
2 - 4
4 - 6
6 - 8
8 - 1 0
1 0 - 1 2
1 2 - 1 4
1 4 - 1 6
> 1 6
Ni Content[ mg/kg ]
Croatia
Dr. Stefano LoppiDepartment of Environmental Science "G. Sarfatti"University of SienaVia PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, ItalyTel +39 0577 232869Fax +39 0577 232896Email [email protected]
Croatia
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2nd International School on the Characterization of Organic Residues in Archaeological Materials (2nd ISCORAM)Certosa di Pontignano ( Siena, Italy, June 14-18, 2010.)
http://www.unisi.it/servizi/certosa/
NAA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES NAA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES IN CERAMICS DATED FROM NEOLITHIC AGE IN CERAMICS DATED FROM NEOLITHIC AGE
1The State Hermitage Museum, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
Determined: Na, Mg, Al, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th, U
NAA for ArchaeologyNAA for Archaeology
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Development of new Se-, I- и Cr-containing pharmaceuticals based on blue-green micro-alga Spirulina Platensis (2 patents of Russian Federation)
Cleaning of the environemnt from toxic elements (Сr, Hg, U etc.) by means of microorganisms (Spirulina Platensis, Arthrobacter oxidans etc.)
Development of methods for bacterial leaching of metals from low-grade ores and waste
A. oxydans: control А. oxidans under impactof 1000 mg/l of Cr(VI)
NAA for BiotechnologyNAA for Biotechnology
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Development of metallic nanoparticles using biotechnology Development of metallic nanoparticles using biotechnology based onbased on extremophilic microorganismsextremophilic microorganisms
An overall objective is to develop the scientific and technological base for utilizing microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles with the desired characteristics, in particular, to study biosynthesis of metallic (Ag, Au) and metal oxide (TiO2) and other semiconductor nanoparticles (CdS, CdSe) by a variety of microbes, and to ultimately use this knowledge to develop new methods of large-scale nanoparticle production.
Specific objectives are:Intensive screening of microbes to evaluate their ability to produce metallic, metal oxide and also semiconductor nanoparticles;Develop a detailed procedure of nanoparticle synthesis for selected microbial strain;Characterization of physical and chemical properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles;Understanding of biochemical and genetic mechanisms of nanoparticleproduction by selected microbial strain.
Potential collaborator in Italy:Prof. L. CampanellaDipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, [email protected]
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor PhysicsNASB, Minsk, Belarus
Influence of synthesis conditions and the neutrons of fission spectrum on physical properties of fine crystalline diamonds
International Journal Diamond and related materials, Elsevier, Vol. 14, 2005, p. 1678-1682
Material Sciences
Grant RFBR- Belarus (2009-2010):
NAA for studying structure and impurities of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) technology (crystallization of cubic NB in system Li3N-BN)
NAA for Material ScienceNAA for Material Science
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Tm is used to be capsuled in fullerene to form 170Tm@C82
NAA is used to analyze Tm, which is able to provide information on its distribution
170Tm@C82
153Gd@C82
Tm-170
Gd-153
Perspectives of NAA for Perspectives of NAA for studying biological distribution of studying biological distribution of REE (Rare Earth Elements) REE (Rare Earth Elements) capsuledcapsuled fullerenefullerene
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
ConclusionsConclusions
JINR possesses unique basic facility for advanced JINR possesses unique basic facility for advanced characterisation of characterisation of nanoobjectsnanoobjects
IBRIBR--2 pulsed reactor will resume its operation after 2 pulsed reactor will resume its operation after the refurbishment in 2010the refurbishment in 2010
At present we are working on coherent upgrade of At present we are working on coherent upgrade of the spectrometer complex to meet the modern the spectrometer complex to meet the modern challenges in challenges in nanosciencenanoscience and other fieldsand other fields
Cooperation with JINR member states and partners Cooperation with JINR member states and partners is of great importance for usis of great importance for us
Thank you for the attention !Thank you for the attention !