- 1. Manthan Topic : Boosting Skillsets : Increasing the
employability of youth Abhishek Das Karishma Sahoo Subhro Shankha
Mukherjee Rahul Roy Monisha Debnath Team Details : College Name :
Institute of Business Management, National Council of Education
Bengal, Jadavpur University 1 Bharat In Search Of Excellence
2. Current Demography of India 72.2% of the population lives in
some 638,000 villages 27.8% in about 5,480 towns and urban
agglomerations The literacy rate of India as per 2011 Population
Census is 74.04%, with male literacy rate at 82.14% and female at
65.46% According to a NASSCOM report, each year over 3 million
graduates and post-graduates are added to the Indian workforce.
Only 25% of technical graduates and 10-15% of regular graduates are
considered employable by the industry. Nearly 85% of graduates are
not employable, while 75% of engineering graduates are not
employable. As per the NSS 66th round survey : As on January 2012 ,
the workforce at the all-India level, was about 472.9 millions
(rural men - 234.6, rural women - 101.8 million; urban men -- 109.2
million and urban women - 27.3 million). More than half the
population (52%) is self-employed, while 18% work as regular
wage/salaried employees and 30% as casual laborers. More people are
self-employed (56%) and work as casual laborers (35%) in rural
India. In Urban India, it is the waged/salaried (43%) who
constitute a majority. They are followed by the self- employed
(42%) and casual laborers (15%). Nearly half the population (49%)
is engaged in agriculture, while 24% are working in secondary
sector and 27% in tertiary sector. Male (655,875,026) Female
(614,397,079) Total Population (1,270,272,105) 0-14 years (29.3%)
Male (187,386,162) Female (165,345,284) 15-24 years (18.2%) Male
(116,019,042) Female (103,660,359) 25-54 years (40.2%) Male
(249,017,538) Female (235,042,251) 55-64 years (6.8%) Male
(41,035,270) Female (40,449,880) 65 years and over (5.6%) Male
(31,892,823) Female (35,225,003) 2 3. Unemployment From the view
point of the topic, we are assuming those people as unemployed who
posses a minimal qualification of higher secondary education, with
a legal age of employment, willing to get into a paying job which
is governed by a valid contract. Thus unemployment is defined here
as an idle state of those people. Sectors of Employment
Manufacturing Sector Steel Industry Cement Industry Automobile ,
Etc. Service Sector Telecom Sector IT - ITES Education, Etc. *
Industries mentioned above are not exhaustive. 3 4. Competence
Issues Lack of basic skill development like communication skills,
smartness etc., at the school level Extremely poor writing skills
Knowledge outside given academic curriculum extremely poor.
Academic knowledge also lacks proper depth of conceptual
understanding Lack of proper basic technical knowledge at school
and college level Theoretical teaching styles in schools and
colleges without proper guidance as to why the subject is being
taught and what are its implementation Temperament Issues People
lack enthusiasm of a low pay job A major part of the youth spend a
lot of time in preparing and hunting for government jobs General
aversion to competition due to lack of confidence Lack of clarity
of what job one wants to do and why Strong affinity towards doing a
desk job prevalent in certain regions of the country Other issues
Students not attending classes in colleges resulting is lack of
knowledge and confidence Lack of proper career counselling among
youth Rural orthodox mentality Relocation issues Causes of
Unemployment 4 5. Remedies For Skillset Upliftment Remedies
COMMUNICATION SKILL ENHANCEMENT TRAINING AWARENESS OF JOB
AVAILIBILITY SKILL NEED IDENTIFICATION Education Training YOUTH
SKILLSET Counseling 5 1. Vocational training to enhance
communication skills among youth. 2. Developing skill upgrading
programs with affordable course fee. 3. Regular counseling for
preparing the masses regarding current market conditions. 4.The
government should initiate awareness regarding the type of skill
requirements in todays society. REMEDIES 6. SKILL NEED
IDENTIFICATION Computer Basics English Communication ComputerBasics
In todays working conditions and technological advancements, the
knowledge of basic as well as a specific specialization of
different computer application is becoming a necessity.
EnglishCommunication As the whole working parameters are set in
English language, therefore an individual must possess the primary
knowledge of English to at least read and write and understand in
English. Skill s are a requirement for finishing a job, but one
must learn those skills which would actually help in completing
his/her task. Skills should also be learnt according to the choice
of an individual . So that, when they are working , they get their
job satisfaction. Learning unnecessary skills is a waste of time
and money. Each should learn what they wish to do in their future
i.e. learning computers or receiving vocational training or
technical training for their own future benefits. Without proper
guidance, our youth can misjudge in choosing their career resulting
in waste of time, money and human efforts. 6 7. TRAINING India has
been a land of entrepreneurship with largest number of self
employed. About 52% of Indians are self-employed, about 55% in
rural communities and 41% in urban areas. The main reason behind it
is illiteracy and unskilled work-force. Training is one of the
primary means of building up competence and effectiveness of people
in general all over the world. Youths in developing countries like
India face difficulties due to rapidly changing and turbulent
environment. Training prepares to deal with the complexities of
real life the pressures, the limited resources, the choices and
uncertainties, the conflicting motives etc. TRAINING Modification
of Behavior, Attitudes and Beliefs Modification of Knowledge and
skill as per skill need Application of Knowledge in Real-Life
Situation Bookish-knowledge and award of degrees through formal
education without effective training-systems would not make people
skilled and employable . Need of Modification of behavior,
attitudes and beliefs is necessary so as make the youth employable
at harsh and tough environment. Proper training as per skill need
analysis must be given to them along with vocational and basic
technical skills. They must be taught how to apply the knowledge
they posses in the practical real-life situations. 7 8. 2. A
National Vocational Policy should be formulated. The policy should
establish equivalence for degrees, diplomas and certifications in
the vocational education sector for lateral and vertical mobility
across various learning sectors that is, secondary, vocational and
higher education. 3. Vocational Stream should be introduced at 8th
Grade which may provide both conventional and vocational stream of
education at secondary level. 4. Private Participation from
Industry and other players must be encouraged. Industry
participation must be at all levels especially in Governance,
Curriculum Design, Placements and Funding, Monitoring Outcome.
Industry participation is also required for creating production
oriented Research and Innovation Labs. 5. Teachers training is an
important aspect for ensuring quality education in vocational
stream. 6. Introducing programs to provide VET in affordable rate
to the poor economy class and students from rural areas. 7. Setting
up institutes at remote areas of villages/rural areas or making
arrangements of hostels for the students coming to urban cities for
taking up VET. In India, we believe that education is the key to
the task of nation-building. It is also a well-accepted fact that
providing the right knowledge and skills to the youth can ensure
the overall national progress and economic growth. Recommendations
regarding Vocational Education: 1. A national level Board for
vocational education should be established, called as National
Board for Vocational Education which plays a major role in : a)
developing a national TVET(Technical and Vocational Education and
Training) system and national strategies with respect to vocational
education b) ensuring close interaction between industries and TVET
providers c) developing effective training market for public and
private needs d) enhancing efficiency and productivity of TVET
providers The curricula for vocational education and training must
be influenced by following factors : Different types of labor
market regimes Different modes of VET Different degree of autonomy
in curriculum design Different types of curricula Different modes
of stakeholder involvement in curriculum design Training is just a
bridge. The end is jobs and employability Vocational Training 8 9.
Awareness of Job Availability 1. Organizing job fairs at various
district levels ensuring participation of all concerned colleges.
2. Posting notices related to availability of jobs at college
campuses and educational institutions. 3. Proper Information and
idea given about various available job roles to eradicate
perceptual errors about jobs at school and college levels. 4. To
educate the youth on dignity of labor thus encouraging them to
apply for various types of jobs along with preaching and practice
of proper work culture. Correct Information about jobs Dignity Of
labor JOBS Educational Institutes Job fairs Parents Media YOUTH 9
10. Implementation of Remedies Design of Curriculum in schools and
colleges. Ensure proper attendance in schools and colleges. Skill
Enhancement of faculties in colleges and schools . Recruitment of
fresh faculties with proper required skillset. A conscious design
in curriculum to be included in junior schools and high schools for
improvement of verbal and written communication skills. Career
counsellor to be appointed at higher secondary and graduation
level. At higher secondary level and graduation level education
institutes must ensure that all students interacts with career
counsellor. 10 11. JOBFAIR To be held at metro, non-metro &
district capitals. To be held once in every quarter. To be promoted
by Government. HRD ministry to organize and ensure participation of
maximum organization covering widest range of industries.
Participation of colleges and other educational institution to be
ensured in these Job Fairs. JOB FAIR HRD MINISTRY Supply of trained
and employable manpower from educational institutes and colleges
Demand of manpower from participating organizations Employment 11
12. References : The Hindu Business Line, May 9, 2013 Few articles
from The Times of India ILO Report on Unemployment 2013 NSS 66th
round survey CENSUS Reports Latasinhas Weblog NASSCOM Reports
chicagonow.com economics.about.com Report on Second Annual
Employment & Unemployment Survey (2011-12) by GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT - LABOUR BUREAU -
CHANDIGARH 12