Plant Classification IB Biology
Plant Classification
IB Biology
• Simple plants, limited size• Hold loose dirt in place• Live in moist areas• Depend on external water
transport for reproduction: motile male gamete
• No vascular tissue = movement through osmosis/diffusion
• No true roots = have rhizoids - like root hairs (absorb water, anchor plant)
• No stems• No leaves = similar structures
but only one cell thick. • Produce spores in a capsule at
end of a stalk
Bryophytes
moss
liverwort
• Have vascular tissue: can be bigger– Xylem: H2O + minerals– Phloem: sap (sugar, AAs, hormones...)
• Live in moist areas• Have roots, stems and leaves
(fronds)• Motile male gametes: can occupy
terrestrial environments BUT still needs water for reproduction
• Spores produced in sporangia, generally on the underside of the leaf
• Leaves are curled, and then uncurl as they mature
Filicinophytes, or Ferns
frond
young frond
rhizome
roots
http://www.biology87.org/apbio/diversity/PlantLabPicts/statio4.jpg
http://www.biology87.org/apbio/diversity/PlantLabPicts/statio6.jpg
ConiferophytesConifer
•Contain a well developed vascular tissue (big plants!), roots, stems (woody) and leaves
•Produce male (contain pollen) and female (contain ovules) cones
•Produce seeds which develop on the scales of the female cones
•Gametes are not motile: does not depend on water for reproduction
•Tough, needlelike leaves with thick cuticles and sunken stomata: adaptations for dry environments
•NO REAL FLOWERS + NO FRUITS
e.g. pines, spruces, firs, cypress, yews
Sequoias National Park in California
• Flowering plants with roots, stems and leaves• Occupy all environments• Gametes are not motile (does not need water for
reproduction)• Seeds are produced – develop inside the ovaries in the
flower• Ovary develops into a fruit which aids in seed dispersal
AngiospermophytesFlowering Plants
Drawing a flower:
• Female Reproductive Organs: stigma + style + ovary = PISTIL• Male Reproductive Organs: anther + filament = STAMEN• Petals: attract animals • Sepals: protection
• Two types of angiospermophytes• Cotyledon= seed leaf• Differences in leaves, arrangement of vascular tissue, root system and
stem composition.
Monocotiledonous x Dicotiledonous
Monocotiledonous x Dicotiledonous
Characteristic
Mono Di
Cotyledons 1 2Leaf Parallel veins Netlike veins
Flowers Floral organs x 3 Floral organs x4 or x5Roots No main root Main root presentStem Vascular tissues scattered Vascular tissue in ring
Dicotyledenous PlantsBean, etc.
Monocotyledenous Plants
Corn and wheat, etc.