IAST 00 prelims 6pp - web1.muirfield …web1.muirfield-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/technology/resources/IST/pe...desk checking and correcting ... ‘Issues’ examples 78–85 changing nature

354 Acknowledgements

AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material. The following abbreviations are used in this list: t = top, b = bottom, l = left, r = right, c = centre.

3D-XplorMath: 3D-XplorMath/Richard Palais, p. 182cl.

AAP (Australian Associated Press) (Text/Newswire): Australian Associated Press Pty Ltd, p. 92b; Klaus Guertler, p. 39bl; AP Photo/Jason DeCrow, p. 69 (iPhone); Paramount Pictures/Industrial Light & Magic, p. 76; GM/Holden, pp. iv(b), 87; AP Photo/Manu Fernandez, p. 175b; AP Photo/Paul Sakuma, p. 201.

ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation): p. 215.

Adobe: Adobe product screenshot reprinted with permission from Adobe Systems Incorporated, pp. 30l, 37t, 53, 125l, 131tl, 131tr, 131bl, 135, 137, 177l, 179c, 179b, 186r, 188, 234.

AFP: Sony Corporation, pp. iii(ct), 15.

Alamy Ltd: pp. iii(b), iv(bc), 23 (mainframe), 23 (smart phone), 30r, 59t, 59 (Leibnitz), 60 (vacuum tube), 69 (iTunes), 71, 79, 89, 90l, 102t, 119tr, 150, 152r, 152bc, 176t, 176r, 192, 283b, 285l, 289r; Adrian Arbib, p. 5; GAUTIER Stephane/sagaphoto.com, p. 8; Paul Thompson Images, p. 21t; Glyn Allan, p. 55c; Mary Evans Picture Library, 58 (John Napier); Johnny Greig, p. 68b (PlayStation2); Photos 12/Dreamworks Animation, p. 74; Caroline Cortizo, p. 77; Alex Segre, p. 91b; Tom Wood, p. 100; Moviestore Collection Ltd, p. 110; Hugh Threlfall, p. 114r; Iain Masterton, p. 118t; Oleksiy Maksymenko Photography, p. 119b; Milous Chab, p. 154t; Robert McLean, p. 156; Chris Pearsall, p. 162t; David Hoffman Photolibrary, p. 168; Photos 12/Twentieth Century–Fox Film Corporation, pp. v(bc), 173, 188; David Williams, p. 177r; AF archive, p. 187; D. Hurst, p. 223b; Hugh Threlfall, p 262; Rafael Angel

Irusta Machin, p. 268b; Broccoli Photography, p. 283t.

Alan Moir: p. 115.

Amazon: © 2011, p. 226.

Andy Potts Limited: http://www.andy-potts.com, p. 96.

Anthony Tran: p. 80l.

Apple Inc: Courtesy of Apple Inc.: pp. 39br, 68t, 69 (First iPod), 69 (iPad), 114l, 119 (iPad), 120 (iPad), 126t, 174, 186l, 204, 207, 208.

Attorney-General’s Department Commonwealth Copyright: Offi ce of the Australian Information Commissioner, p. 9; Copyright Commonwealth of Australia reproduced by permission, p. 201r.

Australian Human Rights Commission: p. 229b.

Australian War Memorial: p. 160.

Autodesk Education: © 2011 Autodesk Education, p. 180.

Browsershots.org: p. 245b.

Ceri Thomas: p. 232.

Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.: ©2003–2011 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. ZoneAlarm Antivirus, ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite, ZoneAlarm Pro, ZoneAlarm is a Check Point Software Technologies, Inc. Company. The products described in this document are protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,606,668, 5,835,726, 6,496,935, 6,873,988, and 6,850,943 and may be protected by other U.S. Patents, foreign patents, or pending applications, pp. 29c, 255.

Clickteam: Klik and Play, p. 131br.

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286l; Leon Chew, p. 286b; Alphageek: ‘Matt Cole Builds Robo Rooters that Scour Out Reactors’, by Joshua Zaffos, June 2010, p. 286.

Corbis Australia Pty Ltd: p. 124; Bettmann, p. 61 (John Atanasoff); Brooks Kraft, p. 184; BBC, p. 242; DoD, p. 301.

Corel Corporation: © 2011 Corel Corporation. All rights reserved. Corel, the Corel logo, Corel Painter 11 and Corel Painter 12 are trademarks or registered trademarks of Corel Corporation in Canada, the United States and/or other countries, p. 179t.

Creative Commons Australia: p. 45.

CyberSmart: p. 241.

The Daily Telegraph: p. 94.

Dale Yocum: http://www.ortop.org/NXT_Tutorial/, p. 287.

Dave Parker: http://www.nxtprograms.com, p. 308.

Department of Veterans’ Affairs: p. 244.

Dorling Kindersley: pp. 70l, 175t, 190l, 198.

Dreamstime: pp. 160tl, 197t, 209.

Facebook: © 2011, p. 224b.

Fairfax Photo Sales: Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited, p. 69t.

Flickr: Flickr/cmnit, pp. iii(bc), 27b; Flickr/Daniel Sancho, p. 65 (pocket calculator).

General Electric Company: pp. iv(t), 57l.

Getty Images: pp. 91t, 306; Thomas Cooper/Getty Images Australia Pty Ltd, p. 22 (credit card); Bloomberg, pp. iii(b), 35b, 39tr, 43, 68 (Apple

Acknowledgements 355

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GoGrid: GoGrid Cloud Infrastructure, http://www.gogrid.com, p. 84 (GoGrid logo).

Google: http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/learn/tutorials/paintpot/paintpot-part1.html, p. 31r; pp. 84 (GMail logo), 93, 229t, 261.

Hornsby Shire Council: p. 158b.

Hydronalix: p. 284b.

InTime-Management UG (haftungsbeschränkt): pm-software.org, p. 11.

LAAN Labs: p. 57.

Large Software: PC Tune-Up, p. 29bl.

LEGO: p. 287, 308.

Michael Leunig: p. 70r, 243.

Microsoft Pty Limited: pp. 11, 28, 29t, 32, 33, 34, 35t, 36, 38, 39tl, 40, 41, 52, 67b, 68c, 69 (Windows 7), 90r, 92t, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 116, 130, 146, 149, 151, 153, 154b, 158t, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165, 167, 169, 223t, 256, 274, 322.

MIT Media Lab: Lifelong Kindergarten Group, p. 326.

Mobilizy GmbH: p. 225.

NASA Images: SA/courtesy of nasaimages.org, pp. 23 (supercomputer), 254, 291t, 293.

NASA’s Earth Observatory: p. 102b.

National Archives of Australia: National Archives of Australia: B2455, Yells C, p. 160tr.

NBNCo Limited: pp. vi(t), 251.

Neurotechnology.com: Used with permission from http://www.neurotechnology.com, p. 31l, 195.

NewspaperDirect Inc.: PressReader, p. 214.

Newspix:© Newspix/News Ltd/3rd

Party Managed Reproduction & Supply Rights, p. 162b; Charles Brewer, p. 282.

The New York Times Syndication: 2011 Mary Bellis (http://inventors.about.com/). Used with permission of About, Inc. which can be found online at www.about.com. All rights reserved, p. 27.

Open Source Matters: © 2005–2011, p. 84 (Joomla logo).

OPTE Project: p. 219.

Pearson Australia: pp. 63 (Pearson Places), 140, 147; Alice McBroom, p. 129l.

Pearson Kirihara K.K.: p. 237.

Personal Robotics Lab: p. 309.

Philadelphia Grand Jury: p. 80r.

Photolibrary Pty Ltd: pp. 19, 69 (Nintendo Wii); Steve Chenn, p. 12; Roger Du Buisson, p. 17b; Herminia Dosal, p. 27t; Heiner Blum, p. 60 (Konrad Zuse); Mauro Fermariello, p. 92c, Science Photolibrary, pp. 98, 129r, 152tl; Keith Morris, p. 152bl.

The Picture Desk: Key Creatives/The Kobal Collection: pp. iii(t), 3.

Picture Media Pty. Ltd.: WENN.com, p. 292t.

Popular Science: A Bonnier Corporation Company, © 2009, p. 292b.

Prezi: http://prezi.com/, p. 121.

Qantas Airways Limited: p. 157.

REXwireless Inc: © 2010, REXwireless, Inc. Used by permission, p. 84r.

Robosoft: http://www.robosoft.com/eng/contact.php, p. 285br.

Shutterstock: pp. cover, 17c, 23 (computer), 58 (fi nger counting), 75l, 99, 120 (cave paintings, parchment), 270.

Siemens Australia: Siemens AG, Munich/Berlin, pp. v(b), 213b.

Sony Computer Entertainment Europe: Image supplied courtesy of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. All rights reserved, p. 97.

Squarespace Inc.: p. 235.

Strata: Used with permission by

Strata, a division of Corastar, Inc, p. 183t.

Sygic: p. 303.

Thinkstock: pp. iv(tc), 17t, 21b, 22 (camera, MP3 player), 23 (server), 50, 53 (dog), 58 (slide rule), 75r, 103, 123b, 145, 152tc, 155, 202, 254 (rain clouds), 259, 263, 268t, 269, 276, 284t, 304, 334 (Post-it note).

The University of New South Wales: T_Visionarium screen shot: Dennis Del Favero, Neil Brown, Jeffrey Shaw, Peter Weibel, Matthew McGinity 2008 © UNSW iCinema Centre photo by Oliver Strewe, pp. v(t), 113.

US National Science Foundation: Josh Landis, p. 290r.

US Navy Offi ce of Information Photo Library: p. 63 (Grace Hopper).

Virgin Australia Airlines: p. 37b.

W3C: p. 245t.

The Walt Disney Company: © 2009 Disney/Pixar, p. 181l.

Webfi rm Group Limited: p. 230.

Wikipedia: pp. 60 (George Boole), 64 (Niklaus Wirth); Muzi, p. 55b; Boffy B., p. 66b; Grm wnr, p. 67b; Dvortygirl, p. 175c; Muband, p. 176 (Sega Mega Drive); A Looping Icon, p. 181r; Toytoy, p. 199; Mariusz Pazdziora, p, 213t; Saját fotó, p. 217t. Resolute, p. 217b; Rodzilla, p. 266.

Willoughby City Council: p. 185b.

Wolfram Alpha LLC—A Wolfram Research Company: © 2011 Wolfram Alpha LLC—A Wolfram Research Company, www.wolframalpha.com, p. 66t.

Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. However, if any infringement has occurred, the publishers tender their apologies and invite the copyright owners to contact them.

356 Index

IndexesPage numbers set in bold italic refer to key terms that appear throughout each chapter. Key terms are also listed at the beginning of each chapter.

Page numbers prefi xed by ‘i’ refer to illustrations. An illustration may be indexed because it contains relevant text content, or because it represents well the accompanying index entry subject.

Content of book panels

‘Case study’ examples

a modern-day Goldilocks 132–3Australian War Memorial Databases

160–61birth of computer graphics 41creating a handwritten font 249creating a number guessing game

333–5creating virtual reality panorama 204desk checking and correcting

algorithms 339future of robots 309implementing a computer system 5,

7, 9, 13information in an emergency 150–51movie special effects 205sharing business data 259spreadsheet model 106talent-spotting tweeters 77the YK crisis 319understanding bitmapped images 49Where do computers go when they

die? 71

‘In action’ examples

augmented reality 57computer forensics analysts 73creating 3-D world in Avatar 173data at the supermarket 145electric humans 281fi nding the Titanic (programming) 311intelligent cars 87managing projects in digital media 3National Broadband Network 251social networking 79Sony OLED screen 15T-Visionarium 113wind farming at sea 213Who invented the GUI? 27Whose data is it anyway? 43

‘Issues’ examples 78–85

changing nature of work 286different languages 321digital manipulation 202facial recognition 94generations of data protection 277‘humanipulation’ and cyber-actors 187imagining our multimedia future 115legal/social concerns 141location-based services 303remote access 157scientists worry about machines 301tracking—products or customers? 162virtual reality 209Vodafone security breach 271website accessibility 229

‘Past, current and emerging technologies’ examples 56–71

answer engines 231bar codes 156challenge of diminishing displays 341create your own phone app 261gesture-based games 91model of the brain 99robots in space 293smart home networks 273Where is multimedia heading? 120

‘People’ examples

Alan Turing (AI) 88–9building/maintaining databases 155Dan Kripac (3-D) 206–7digital media jobs 192Grant Imahara (animatronics) 289Hugo Elias (robotics) 297network administrators 275people in multimedia 127roles/responsibilities/careers 72–7, 127software developers 338Tim Berners-Lee (WWW creator) 221

Other major listings

‘How it works’ illustrations/tabulations

actuator functions i306Adobe Premiere video basics i211analogue to digital audio conversion

i49, i124ASCII character set i47assignment statement i321automated control system i298automatic doors i304bias in graphed data i83binary selection control structure i329bus/star/ring network topologies i272byte quantifi er prefi xes i51chip to CPU data transfer i50closed loop system i307command line interface i35communications network i252compressing video for multimedia

i125computer language timeline i342computer vision program i95concept map i6control structures in pseudocode

i328–i331control structure summarised i333control system types i300counting in decimal and binary i317creating a macro in Access i163creating phone app by dragging code

i261creating validation rules in Access

i153database data dictionary i149database data fl ow i151database–fi ling cabinet analogy i147database importing/exporting i166database input to output via DBMS

i148database mail-merging i167

Index 357

database parameter query creation i161

database query execution i159database report/form creation i164,

i165database sorting i158database structure hierarchy i147database table i146data fl ow i17data measurement by sensors i302data transfer from chip to hard drive

i50data storage on magnetic hard disk i19declaring and using variables in a

program i317design, produce, evaluate i4digital camera data processing i197draw image i190email address components i222email emoticons 224emoticons i224end effectors (robotics) i296ergonomics i85expert system components i170expert system simulated dialogue i171fi le menu algorithm in applications

program i330fi ngerprint identifi cation software i195fl atbed scanner i196fl owchart and its algorithm expression

in pseudocode i325fl owchart describing a program i312fl owchart logic viewed in pseudocode

i312, i325fl owcharts for control structures i328–

i333generational backup table i277global positioning i303group work elements i13GUI control elements i36GUI interface and its objects i340hard disk drive i19how the internet is connected i218hub i268human arm/robotic arm ‘degrees of

freedom’ i294human body components/robotic

components i295if-then rules i97information to data i44input/output devices for programs

i314input/process/output model i313internet packet transmission i237IPO table i7laser printer i24layered audio in multimedia i126line-numbered code versus structured

language i328

liquid crystal display i18lossless graphics compression i53lossy graphics compression i199mail server i267making a database relational i154motion capture i110multi-way branching i330network data transmission i258networking and weather forecasting

i254Network Operating System i275open loop system i307optical character recognition i195output for string data functions i323paint image i190PC wireless card i268personal data sharing pathways i82post-test loop logic i331pre-test loop logic i331program control structure binary

selection i329program control structure selection

i329program control structure sequence

i328programming interface of Scratch i326project management software i11pump piston i307recording a macro i111search engine strategies i230sequence control structure i328serial and parallel data transmission

i54simple spreadsheet i11, i104single-dimensional array i344small business network i253software type interactions i28solenoid use of magnetic current i306sound fi le compression i198speech (voice) recognition i194speech-to-text conversion i93spreadsheets i104–111storing variables in memory i316storyboard i7, i138string data functions i323sub-programs shown in fl owchart i337sub-programs shown in pseudocode

i337systems box i20table creation in Access i151TCP/IP protocol within OS i257time management table i11traffi c light sensors i302TV-Visionarium interactive multimedia

i113two-dimensional array i344unshielded twisted pair physical

confi guration i262URL structure i239

video compression for multimedia i125virtual offi ce work communication i84weather forecasting i254website evaluation i238wireless router signal transmission

i263

‘Project development’ examples

artifi cial intelligence, simulation, modelling 108–11

authoring and multimedia 142–3database design 168–71digital media 210–11networking systems 278–9robotics/automated systems 308–9software development 350–53website development 246–9see also ‘additional content’ in main

index

Software applications/languages

3-D StudioMax i1823D XplorMath 182Access 33, 146–67Acrobat/PDF 32, i37AfterEffects i126Algol 342App Inventor i31Audacity 140Authorware i131BASIC i342–3BodyPaint 207C 311, 342–3C++ 207, 342–3Camino 232Cobol 342Creative Suite i30Director 125, 132Dreamweaver i131–2, 234Excel 33Exchange Server (MS) 266Expression Web (MS) 234Final Cut Express 210Final Cut Pro 140, 186, i204, 210Firefox 232Flash i131, 132, i133, 193, 202FORTH 311Fortran 342GarageBand i184HyperCard 130iLife 68Illustrator i179iMovie 210InDesign 177–8Internet Explorer i232iTunes 174iWeb 234Java 342

358 Index

JavaScript 234, 342–3Klik and Play i131–2Logo 342Mail (Apple) 222Maya 180, 207Media Player i126, 198Microsoft Exchange Server 266Mozilla 232Mudbox 181, 207Myst 117Netscape 232Novell Netware 237Opera 232Outlook 33, 222, 266PageMaker 178Painter (Corel) i179

Pascal 315–22, 342pcAnywhere 30PhotoBooth i201Photoshop 30, i179, 201–3PHP 342Pinnacle Studio 140, 210PowerPoint 33, 116, i130Premiere i125, 186, 210PressReader 214Prezi 131Python 207, 315–16, 320–22, 328,

329–33, 342, 344–5, 349Quicktime i126, 198, 202, 204Realbasic 342RenderMan 207Riven 117

Safari 232Scratch i326Shake 207Side Effects Houdini i207SiteCentral 234Skype 30Spin Panorama 204SQL Server (MS) 270ViaVoice 65Visual Basic 33, 315–22, i317, 321–3,

329, 342, 344–5, 349Visual Basic Net 318WinZip 29Word (MS) 33ZBrush 207ZoneAlarm 29

Main index

Aabsolute value function (case study)

334actuators (control systems) 295, 306–9additional content

evaluating digital media products 210–11

expert systems 170–71extending the LAN 279innovation in selected data type

143macros 111motion capture 110peer-to-peer networks 279software development 351WebQuests 247–9

algorithms 324–7tools to set out 325

analoguecomputers 46conversion to digital i49, 194

analogue data 174analogue-to-digital converter 194analyse 5analysing data 158–63analysing problems see defi ning/

analysing problemsanimation/s

2-D 185and video 40as data 48digital media products 184–5, 193fi le formats 189manipulation 206multimedia i122, 125–6, 139

answer engines 231application servers 267application software 28

features 32–3interface design 34mobile devices 31types of 30–31see also program/s; software;

software applicationsARPANET 216array 344artifi cial intelligence (AI) 64–6, 88

areas of 90–95defi ned 88expert systems 66, 92history 88–9requirements of 96–7simulation and modelling 64–6,

98–107translating language 65weak and strong 88

artifi cial intelligence systems 90artifi cial neural networks (ANN) 93artist and repertoire (A&R) 77ASCII 47, 188–9, i317–18

character set i47Asimov’s Laws of Robotics 283assignment statements 316, 320–21audio i122, 183

animation frames i126as data 48compression 198converting analogue to digital i49,

i124, 196digital manipulation 200

digital productions 183–4, 190fi le formats 189MIDI 124, 184, 190MP3 190, 198multimedia 124, i126, 139

augmented reality 57, 67Australian Copyright Act 1968 141Australian Copyright Council i45authoring and multimedia 66–7,

112–43authoring software methods 130–31authoring software systems 130–35

choosing applications 132–3methods 130–32special modules 132–3

automated control 298–301feedback to controller 307history 299types 300

automated control system 298automated systems see robotics/

automated systems

Bbackups 128, 255, 270–71bandwidth 251, 260bar codes i152, 156BASIC i342–3Berners-Lee, Sir Tim 221binary

code 47, i317format 46, 51, i49, 174, i317

binary data 47binary/decimal data, counting in i46,

51, i317

Index 359

biometrics 95facial recognition 94security i55, i152

BIOS (basic input output system) 38bit 49, 51, i93, i198–9bitmap graphics 49, 123, 126, 190–91Boolean 318–19borders/white space, GUI 37browsers 221, 232–3

plug-in technologies 233budget/s, spreadsheet-based 106–7bullying 83business software 31bus lines 17, 21, i21bus topology 272byte/s 51

see also bit

Ccareers see employment trends; IT

roles‘Case study’ examples see listing

before main indexCD-ROM 128, 140, 183, i198central processing unit i17, i20, 38,

40, i47, i50, 54charge-coupled device (CCD) i197chip/s 17, i50, 71classifi cation of systems 22–3CLI 35, i35clients 265client-server networks 265client-side scripting 233–4climate models 102cloud computing 84code see programming codecodec 198code of practice/conduct 82collaboration 12, i13collecting/organising/storing data

152–7colour palette 197compiler 343command line interface (CLI) 35, i35common fi le formats 188–9communication 10

protocols 236software 30techniques 10–11

communications networks 252–5advantages/disadvantages 252–3

compression see data compression; fi le/s

computer/sanalogue 46care/maintenance 25common problems 25generations of 59, i59history 58–9, i58– i69, 299

mainframe 23, 62microcomputer 299minicomputer 299personal 23servers 266–7supercomputer 23

computer-based training (CBT) 117computer forensics analysts 73computer-generated image (CGI) 67,

174video manipulation 204

computer-generated special effects (SFX) 205

computer hardware see computers; hardware

computer history, timeline i58–63computer model 98computer scientists 74computer simulation 98computer vision 95concept map 6, i6connection devices (networks) 268–9consistency of elements, GUI 36constants (programming) 323control 16, 85control elements 36controller 294, 295controller cards 20–21control structure 329convergence 60

of technologies 62, 141cookie 240copyright 45, 80, 139, 141CPU see central processing unitcreative director 127credit card fraud 93

see also securitycriteria 6current technologies see past, current,

emerging technologiescyber security experts 74

Ddata

accuracy 83, 104analysing 158–63and information 44–5, 148backups 128, 255, 270–71bias 83, 104business, sharing 259coding 46digital 46fl ow i17input devices 16, 153, 313–14manipulating 48, 140measurement prefi xes 51network sharing 253ownership/privacy 43packets 236, i237

processing 158–63protecting 55, 277recognising patterns 64, 67sources 45, 152–3spreadsheet 104–7, 111structure hierarchy i147supermarket analysis 145types 122–7, 188–99, 318–19validity 83versus information 44see also database; data handling;

digital data; information; programming; security

database 145, 146building/maintaining 146, 155checking data 153components 146–7creation i151, 161data storage 154–5data types 149design 67, 144–71development 146–51editing 158, 161exporting data 166–7forms/reports 148, 164–5importing data 166–7input into output 148integration 166–7links 154macros 163maths calculations 159national DNA 159organising 154primary key 147, i154project development 168–71purpose of 146query i159records i147searching 159, 161servers 267sharing 259sorting 158, 161tables i146, i149, 154validation 83, 153validation rule i153verifi cation 153see also data; foreign key;

mail merge; primary key; redundancy; relational database

database management system (DBMS) 146, i148, 149

data collection 152–7data compression 52, 197

audio 198fi le types 52–3lossless/lossy 52–3, 199networks 274techniques 197–9video i125, 198

360 Index

data dictionary 149data entry 83, 153, i153, 164data fi les 351–2data handling 42–55data operators (logical)

arithmetic 320concatenation 320logical 320relational 320

data security 55, 83see also security

data storage 50–51see also storage (device/s);

storage technologydata structures 344–5

arrays 344fi les 345records 345

data transmission 54data transmission media 262–3data transmission modes 258–9data transmission rates 260–61data types 318–19

Boolean 318–19characters 318database 149date/time 319digital media products 188–99digitisation of 194–9distributing, multimedia 140integers 318manipulating (multimedia) 140multimedia 139–40real numbers 318strings 318, 322–3

DBMS 146, 149input into output i148

debugging 348decimal/binary data, counting in i46,

51, i317decision table authoring 132defi ning/analysing problems 4–5, i4,

324building a LAN 278case study 5, 132creating a number guessing game

333–5developing multimedia products

136project development 108, 168, 246resources 136robot construction 308software development 350stating clearly goal/purpose 136

degree of freedom 294design/ing

case study 7e-learning 74principles, GUI 138, i140

solutions 6–7, 109, 132, 137, 168, 211, 246, 278, 309, 334, 350–51

websites 244see also IT roles

design, produce, evaluate (projects) 2–13

see also design/ing; evaluation; producing/evaluating solutions

design techniques 6–7see also graphical user interface

desk checking 336–9desktop publishing (DTP) 177–8developing multimedia products

136–41devices

connection, network 268–9controlling 307mobile 31sensing 302–5sharing 252–3see also display device/s; input

(device/s); output (device/s); storage (device/s)

digitalcamera 22certifi cates 241thermometer 22watch 22

digital data 46growth of 174

digital manipulation techniques 200–207

digital media 172–211, 174and ethics 82, 247–9cyber actors 67data type digitisation 194–9factors in fi le size 128, 197home of the future 67jobs 192managing projects 3purpose 174–7TV 176see also multimedia

digital media productsanimation 184–5, 193commerce 176–7data types 188–99desktop publishing 178display/distribution 208–9evaluating 211graphical design 178–83health 176music 184painting/drawing 179, i190, 200types 178–87video 186

digital newspapers/magazines/books 118, 175, 208

digital video/versatile disc see DVD

digitised sound 124, 190disability assistance, robots 292display 18display device/s 18, 128–9

CRT 128data projectors 129digital products 208hardware requirements 40interactive whiteboards 129LCD i18, i22, 128LED 15, 18, 128plasma 128–9rollable OLED (Sony) 15, i15see also display hardware;

monitor/sdisplay hardware, multimedia 128–9disposal/recycling 70–71domain i239draw image 190DSL (digital subscriber line) 218, 220DVD 140, 187, 191

movies 117multimedia storage 128

Ee-commerce 226editing 124, 126, 158EFTPOS 145, 153e-learning designers 74electronic books/magazines 118, 175,

208Elias, Hugo 297email 214, 222–4

address components 222emerging technologies see past,

current, emerging technologiesemoticons i224employment trends 84

see also IT rolese-music 174–5encrypted 255encryption/compression, networks

274, 276encyclopaedias 119end effector 284entertainment products 117

see also gamesenvironment, technology impact

70–71equity and access 85ergonomics i85, 85error detection (programming) 346–9ethical/ethics

and environment 9codes of practice/conduct 82factors in problem-solving 4–i5issues 82–3see also privacy; security

evaluation 8

Index 361

evaluation/evaluatingbuilding a LAN 279case study 9, 133database design 169digital media products 211ethics and environment 9functionality and quality 8methods 9multimedia products 141number guessing game 335robot construction 309software development 351solutions 8–9website design 246–7websites i238

evaluation criteria 8expert 92expert systems 66, 92, 96–7, i170

components i170creation process 171database design 170–71described 170traffi c navigation 92uses 171

FFacebook 43, 79, 224facial recognition 94Federal Privacy Act 1988 55, 242fi elds 147fi le/s 146

defragmenting 25server 266–7size 128, 197see also audio; data compression;

programming; securityfi le extensions, common 52fi le formats/types 188–9

see also data compression; graphics

fi le-sharing servers 266File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 222, 236fi lms see moviesfi rewall 240, 255fl ag 348fl owchart authoring 131fl owcharts 324

depicting sub-programs i337describing a program i312for control structures i328–i333logic viewed in pseudocode i312,

i325foreign key (database) 154forms (database) 148full-duplex data transmission 258functionality 8

GUI 36operating system software 38–9

functions that round numbers 322

future, problems predicting 60fuzzy logic 66

Ggames 90, 96, 117, 175–6, 227gaming consoles i176generating ideas 6, i6generations of computers 59gesture recognition 91GIF (graphics interchange format)

52–3, 189goal seek 106Goldilocks (case study) 132–3graphical communication 10graphical user interface (GUI) i34, 35,

i36design 34–5, 37design principles 138features/elements 36–7graphical tools 340GUI objects 340inventor of 27layout 340–41, 340–41, 350–51WIMP 137see also interface/s

graphicsas data 48bitmapped images 49, 126data compression 52–3, 197–9decompression i53, 198digital manipulation 200–204digital products 178–83digitising 196fi le formats 189GIF 52–3JPEG 30, 52, 189, 198–9MP (MPEG layer) 52MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts

Group) 52, 189multimedia family tree i122PNG 52vector i122, 179, 190–91wire frames 125, 180see also 2-D; 3-D; animation;

digital media productsgraphics formats see graphicsgroup work i13

collaboration 12elements in i13roles/responsibilities 12

GUI 34, 137see also graphical user interface;

interface/sGutenberg, Johannes 120

Hhacker 83half-duplex data transmission 258handwriting recognition 195

hardware 14–25, 16artifi cial intelligence 97for output display 128–9functions 16–17models/simulations 100multimedia 128–9portability i23power i23, 122robotics 294–6

hardware components 18–21hardware requirements 40–41hardware solutions 24–5health

digital products 176ergonomics i85

hierarchical 138history

artifi cial intelligence 88–9computers 58–9, i58–69control systems 299information and software

technology 58–9, i58–69motherboard 20robots 282

‘How it works’ illustrations/tabulations see listing before main index

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) 189, 216, 232–5

code i237dynamic (DHTML) 233

HTML5 234HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

216–17, 236hybrid networks 273hyperlink 238hypermedia 114

in multimedia 122–3hypertext 48, 114

in digital media 188

Iif-then rules 96–7images

searching 229stretching 202see also 2-D; 3-D; graphics

Imahara, Grant 289‘In action’ examples see listing before

main indexinclusive design 37industrial issues 85information

accessing via search engine 228–31

and data 44–5controlling access to 240–43defi ned 44, i44inappropriate use 83

362 Index

information (cont.)network security 255power of internet 214–15presenting 164–5products 118security 270–71sharing i253see also data; security

information and software technology (IST)

milestones 58–9, i58–69right to access 85

information designer 127information kiosks 118information technology 58–9input (device/s) 16

and data fl ow i17data 153, 313examples 16, i314

input functions 322input/process/output (IPO) table 7, i7input/process/output model i313instructions to user, GUI 37intellectual property 80intelligence 88

see also artifi cial intelligenceintelligent cars 87interactive

CD-ROMs 116digital television 117DVD movies 116–17internet 116see also multimedia

interactivity 34interface/s

design 34–5Dreamweaver i234Macintosh i27types 35see also graphical user interface

interface design 34–5internet 212–49

and truth 242banking 226chat 225conferencing 226connecting to 220–21cookies 240describing 215development 216equity 243features and uses 220–27forums 225historical perspective 216–19how it is connected i218–i219message boards 225messaging 226new protocols 216software 232–5

using safely 241see also bandwidth; security;

World Wide Webinterpreter 343intranet 217inventions

important 58war and profi t 58–9

iPad i175–6IP (Internet Protocol) 215–17, i237,

257addresses, networking 256

IP address 256IPO table 7, i7ISDN 218, 221‘Issues’ examples see listing before

main indexIT roles/careers

3-D visual special effects 206–7animator (digital media) 192animatronics engineer 289computer scientist 74cyber security expert 74digital designer 207digital media 192e-learning designer 74graphic artist (digital media) 192information technology 76–7multimedia specialist 74network administrator 275people in multimedia 127programmer 74project manager 74robotics 297roles/responsibilities/careers

72–7, 127software developers 338software engineer 75sound engineer (digital media)

192support staff 75systems analyst 75training specialist 75video (digital media) 192website designer 75

JJavaScript 233–4jobs in IT see employment trends; IT

rolesJPEG (Joint Photographic Experts

Group) 30, 52, 189, 198–9

Kkeyboard functionality 194kilobyte 51knowledge bases 90, i90, 96Kripac, Dan 206–7

LLAN (local area network) 217, i218,

264–5, 278–9languages see programming

languages; natural languageslaser printer 24LCD see display device/slegal issues 80–81, 141

see also copyright; piracy; protecting data; security

legislation 81linear/sequential 138location-based services 303logical errors (programming) 347lossless compression 52–3, 199lossy compression 52–3, 199

Mmacro/s 33, i33, i111

database 163defi ned 111

magnetic gripper 295mail merge 166–i167mail servers 266–7managing projects 3, 10–13manipulating (data) 48, 140mathematical functions 323media, electronic books/magazines

118, 175, 208see also digital media

medical science, robots 292megabyte 51memory

and large fi les 197as primary storage 50chips 50demands on 40see also RAM; ROM

mesh topology 273Metcalfe’s law 68microprocessors 17, 22–3, 307MIDI 124, i126, 184, 189, 190MIME 223mirrored hard drives i154mobile devices, software 31mobile phones 23, 208

and internet 217create your own app 261

model, defi ned 98modelling and simulations 98–107

advantages/limitations 102–3examples i98programs (applications) 104purposes 99training/education 103

monitor/s see display device/s; display hardware

Moore’s law 61

Index 363

morphing 202motherboard 17, 20–21motion sensor 304motors 306movies, 3-D 126

see also graphics; multimediaMP3 190, 198multimedia 114

audio i122, 124databases 118data types 122–7defi ned 114digital revolution 114–15editing 126family tree i122graphics content 139GUI design 138, i140hardware 128–9processing power 122video content 139where is it heading? 120see also IT roles

multimedia authoring 66–7, 112–43see also authoring software

methods; data typesmultimedia products 116–21

content 139developing a 136–41educational 116entertainment 117evaluation 141information 118presentations 117

multimedia specialists 74music compositions 184

NNational Broadband Network 251natural language input 65–6natural language interface (NLI) 35

translating 65natural language 65, 312navigation 36

GUI 36NetBEUI protocol 257network/s

administrator 253, 270–71, 275client-server 265components 266–9distributed processing 254encryption/compression 274information security 255interface card (NIC) i257, 269LAN 217, i218, 264–5, 278–9managing data storage 270managing users 270, 274peer-to-peer 265protocols 256–7role 252

securing 271, 274servers 266–7sharing applications 254sharing data/information 253sharing devices 252–3sharing internet services 253smart, in the home 273user profi les 274virtual private (VPN) 264–5WAN 264see also security

network bridges 269network operating systems 274–5networking systems 66, 250–79

communications networks 252–5data modes 258–9information security 270–71network components 266–9network topology 272–3network types 264–5operating systems 274–5protocols 256–7transmission media 262–3, 276–7transmission rates 260–61

network types 264–5neural networks 66, 93, 97newsgroups 225, 229NIC i257, 269non-linear navigation 138

Oobject code 343object-oriented programming 69, 315,

353occupational health and safety

legislation 81, 85OCR 48, 194–5on-line

gaming 227shopping 226

operating system/s 28Apple’s OS i68functions 38interface design 34–5network 274–5starting up 38TCP/IP protocol in 257types 39utility software 29, i38Windows 7 68see also interface/s

operators and assignment statements 320–21

optical character recognition (OCR) 48, 194–5

optical disks 128accessing data i140see also DVD

optical fi bres 262

optical/light sensor 304output (device/s) 16, 128–9, i314

and data fl ow i17output functions 322

Ppackets (data) 216, 236, i237paint images 179, i190, 200paperless offi ce 63passwords, email 224‘Past, current and emerging

technologies’ examples see listing before main index

patch panels 269pattern matching 64, 67peer-to-peer networks 265, 279‘People’ examples see listing before

main indexphishing 81phones i22–3Photoshop 30, i179, 201–3

major manipulation tools 203PHP 234piracy 80, 141pixel/s i49

colour in compression i53PNG (portable network graphics) 52,

189POP (Post Offi ce Protocol) 222port/s 18, i19, 268

ethernet i19fi rewire i19HDMI i19LAN 19media card reader i19USB i19

power supply 21predicting the future 60primary key 147primary storage 50printer, laser i24print media 118, 175, 208print servers 267privacy 43, 67, 82, 224, 242Privacy Act 1988 55, 242Privacy and Personal Information

Protection Act 1998 (NSW) 242problem/s, defi ning and analysing

4–5, 108problem-solving, factors affecting 4,

i5, 324processing 16

and control 17data 158–63power i23, 122

producing/evaluating solutionscase study 9, 132see also evaluation/evaluating;

solutions

364 Index

program/show they look 315input/output 313–14processing by 314see also programming; software

applicationsprogram control structure/s

binary selection 329FOR...NEXT loops 332–3multi-way branching 330post-test loop 331–2pre-test loop 331Python 329, 330–33, 342repetition 330–31selection 328–9sequence 328summarised i333

programmers 74programming 69

algorithms 324–7assignment statements 320–21basic concepts 312–17complex machines/complex

programs 312–13correcting errors 346–9desk checking 336–9detecting errors 346–7documentation 348–9fi le access 352–3functions 322–3object-oriented software 69, 315,

353operators 320–21program control structures 328–35subprograms 336–9see also data structures; data

types; processing; program/s; software development; variable/s

programming codefl ags 348pseudocode 325, 328–33, i337source to object 343using comments 348–9

programming languages 312–15, 342–3data operators 320examples 342–3error-correction 346–7error-detection 346–7GUI layout 340–41testing program code 346–7types 314–15which is best? 315

project/smanaging 3, 10–13navigation 138reporting 141resources 136storyboards 138

‘Project development’ examples see listing before main index

see also additional contentproject evaluation see evaluationproject management 10–13

case study 13digital media industry 3

project managers 74–5protecting data and people 55, 81protocol/s 190, 216, 226, 236–7, 256

open (networking) 256TCP/IP data transmission 257

prototype 6, 137proxy servers and fi rewalls 240, 267pseudocode 312, 315, 324–33, i337,

345case study 339program control structures 328–33

pumps 307

Qquality 8query (database) 161

Rradio frequency identifi cation (RFID)

162RAM (random access memory) 17, 20,

38, 54defi ned 50see also memory

random access (fi les) 352–3records 147recycling 70–71relational database 154, 161

see also databaserendering 173repeaters 268report (database) 148research 31, 230resolution (screen) 40, 49, 53

reducing fi le size 197resources 6

project management 10ring topology 272robot/s 282

assembly 292domestic 285early/modern 282educational 285function of 294–7future of 309history 282industrial 284industry 283maintenance/repair 292mobile 284–5movement 294purpose 288–9

tasks 288types 284–7use of 290–93

robotics 282robotics/automated systems 69,

280–309actuators 295, 306–9Asimov’s Laws 283automated control 298–301hardware 294–6software programs 296see also robot/s

robotics sensing devicesactive/passive 302automatic doors 304car navigation 303nanosensors 305security alarms 304traffi c lights 303

roles and responsibilities 74–5ROM (read-only memory) 20, 54

and BIOS 38defi ned 50see also memory; RAM

router 237, 268run-time errors (programming) 346,

347

Sscanner i196schools, software for 30science/research, software 31scripts 139search engines 66, 214, 228–31

doing research 230how they work 228types 228

secondary storage 19, 50see also storage (device/s)

security 74, 81, 82–3, 93alarms, sensors 304document passwords 32individual responsibility 270networks 270–71, 274, 276of data 54–5, 255Vodafone security breach 271see also fi le/s; internet; legal

issuessensors 282sequential fi le access 352server 16, 256, 266–7

network types 266–7see also computer/s; network/s

SIM i22simplex data transmission 258simulations 98–107

advantages/limitations 102–3defi ned 99ensuring accuracy 104

Index 365

examples i98spreadsheet 104–7see also modelling

simulator 100defi ned 100petrol costs 105

smart phones 23SMTP 222–3, 236social

concerns, multimedia 141equity 85issues 84–5networking 79, 224–5trends 60see also privacy

society, nature of 85software 26–41, 312, 321

authoring methods 130–33development 69email 222–5interactions i28internet 232–5models/simulations 101types of 28utility 29see also application software;

programmingsoftware areas/categories

3-D creation 180–81, 207animation 125audio 140authoring 130browsers 232business 33, 146–67communications 30compression 29desktop publishing i177–8digital newspapers i214facial recognition 94graphics 30, i179, 207image editing 30, i179, 207mobile devices 31modelling/simulation 104multimedia 117music 174paint i179, 200photo editing i179, i201–3portability 32programming 33, 311, 315–22, i326publishing i177–8remote access 30robotics 296security 29smart phones 119speech-to-text 65, 93, i194spreadsheet 104–7, 111video editing 124–5, 140, 204,

210–11voice control 35

voice-to-text 93website 234see also application software;

authoring software methods; design/ing; programming

software applications/languages see listing before main index

software application featuresdocument protection 32help fi les 33macro capabilities 33, 111search facilities 32standard interfaces 32versions 32

software development 310–53GUI layout 340–41, 350–51object-oriented 315, 353see also processing; program/s;

programming; variable/ssoftware engineers 75software programming see

programmingsoftware systems 28–9

see also authoring software methods

software technologiesand past information 58–9inappropriate use 83milestones i58–69

software utilities 29solenoid 295solution/s

basic rules 8criteria for 8designing 6–7, 109, 132, 137, 168,

211, 246, 278, 309, 334, 350–51developing hardware 24fl owcharts 324innovation 8producing 8–9, 109, 168, 211, 246,

278, 309, 334, 351see also evaluation/evaluating

Sony OLED screen 15sound see audiosource code 343space missions, robots 290, 293spam 223special effects, movie 205speech recognition systems 65, 93, 194spreadsheet/s 104–7, 111

basic elements i104stacked slide authoring 130–31stage play/timeline authoring 130–31star topology 272stepping motors 306storage (devices) 16, 19

and data fl ow i17capacity and Moore’s law 61future 67

multimedia 128, 140secondary 19, 40, 50

storage, data 50–51database 154–5forms of 51network management 270units of 51

storyboard 6, i7, i138, 138storyboarding 137string-handling functions 322–3strings 318structured programming 328study, nature of 62–3subject directories (search engines)

228subprograms 336supercomputer 23support staff 75switches/relays 17, 268, 306syntax errors (programming) 347system administrator 55system components (hardware) 16–17systems analysts 75

T2-D

animation 185bitmapped graphics 49, 123, 126,

190–91, 196, 211graphics 143, 179

3-Danimation 125–6fi lm 126graphics 123, 143, 180–83, 191images 113, 115, 123, 179special effects 206–7standard tools i182world in Avatar, creating 173

tasks, organising 10–11TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

215–17, i237, 257TCP/IP see TCP; IPteamwork see group worktechnicians 75technologies

convergence 62, 141past, current, emerging 56–71limitations 141see also ‘Past, current and

emerging technologies’ listing before main index

technologyimpact on environment 70–71see also software technologies

telecommuting 84terabyte 51testing

program code 346–7website/s 245

366 Index

text 48and hypertext 188digital manipulation 200digitising 194fi le formats 189in multimedia 122–3

text data fi les 53topology 272training

and education 103computer-based 117

training specialists 75transfer protocols 236transistors 61transmission, data security 54–5transmission media, networks

cost 276distance 276extensibility/sustainability 277security 276

troubleshooting 24hardware problems 24–5

Turing, Alan 58, 64, 89types of data 48–9

Uunderwater exploration, robots 291unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables

262UPS 21URL (uniform resource locator) 214,

238–9user interface 34

design 34–5the three types 35see also graphical user interface;

interface/sutility software 29, i38

Vvalidation

database 153website 245see also data

variable/s 316declaring 316–i317initialising 316–17naming methods 349

vector graphics i122, 179, 190–91verbal communication 10verifi cation 153video 126, 186

and animation 48compression 197–9digital i122, 186digitising 196fi le formats 189manipulation 204technical challenge of 186, 191see also multimedia; multimedia

authoringvideoconferencing 84virtual assistants i230virtual offi ce 84, 227virtual reality (VR) 202, 204, 209viruses 223, 240

and email 223voice recognition 93, 194voice-to-text see speech recognition

systemsVoIP 226VPN (virtual private network) 264–5

WWAN (wide area network) 264WAP (Wireless Access Protocol) 217warping 202

weather forecasting i254web pages 238WebQuest 247–9web servers 266website/s

accessibility 229building 244maintaining 245testing/validation 245the home page 245

website designers 75website development 244–9

authoring software 234collecting content 244disability rights 229markup languages 233server-side scripting 234style sheet languages 233

wire-based media 262wire frame 125, 180wireless transmission 263work, nature of 62–3, 286World Wide Web 221, 238–9

see also internetwritten communication 10

XXML (extensible markup language)

232–5