IAEA research, development and capacity building for improved ciguatera … IAEA research, development and... · 2020. 3. 9. · Ciguatera, a global human health and economical problem

Musée océanographique - Monaco, 9th to 12th April

IAEA research, development and capacity building for improved ciguatera

management

Marie-Yasmine DECHRAOUI BOTTEIN International Atomic Energy Agency Environment Laboratories, Monaco

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR BENTHIC HABS MUSÉE OCÉANOGRAPHIQUE - MONACO, 9 -12 APRIL 2018

World’s Health, Wellbeing and Economy

Primary producers

Phytoplankton

Carnivorous

consumers

Herbivorous

consumers

Top

carnivorous

At the foundation of the marine food web

Produce 50% and 85% of the world's oxygen

~2% of the thousands of

species are harmful and/or toxic

Marine Resources

Food, Energy, Leisure/Tourism, Economic

Development

Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs


CFP from

contaminated

seafood

LD50 =0.25- 0.28 mg/kg

P-CTX-1

Ciguatera

50,000 to 100,000

cases/year

Modified from Woods Hole distribution

world map of CFP (2016)

Ciguatera and associated neurotoxins (ciguatoxins)

Ciguatera, a global human health and economical problem

Research and capacity building to respond to the increasing needs and demand from developing countries for

improved toxic HAB management

In 2016, TC projects involved more than

half of IAEA coastal Member States

SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas

and marine resources

14.2: manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems

14.8: increase scientific knowledge, develop research

capacity and transfer marine technology



https://www.google.at/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjGqee2nM3WAhVBtxQKHd22DIUQjRwIBw&url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/how-iaea-will-contribute-sustainable-development-goals&psig=AOvVaw3BL4bSEoGmruU17vz6Uu9m&ust=1506871574695405

Research & Development and Capacity Building

• Toxic organism monitoring in the environment • Sampling strategies

• Species identification

• Toxin levels in food • Seafood sampling strategies

• Validated method of analysis

• Certified reference material

• Guidance or establishment of permitted levels

• Better understanding of toxin food web transfer

• Epidemiological data • Case collection, reporting and assessments

• Diagnosis tools and treatment

Ciguatera

50,000 to 100,000

cases/year

CFP from

contaminated

seafood



Research: Trophic transfer of ciguatoxins

• Knowing what species is present, how much toxins they produce?

• Understanding of CTX trophic transfer is based on field sampling and analysis of tissue toxin

concentrations - Mechanisms not well-understood: ?

• Essential to connect algal dynamics on the reef and ciguatera risk

• Controversies (e.g. toxicity and size, species-specific patterns or

location-specific patterns)

CFP from

contaminated

seafood

3 months



First species identification of Gambierdiscus in Cuba

Lisbet Asencio

(Cuba)

De

l fi n

ari o

n=

23

Ho

te

l n

=1

3

Gu

aj i

m

i co

n=

24

Co

sta

n=

6

1

1 0

1 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

C o m p i l e d m o n t h s b y s i t e s

S a m p l i n g s i t e s

Ce

ll

s

g-

1

G a m b i e r d i s c u s

P r o r o c e n t r u m

O s t r e o p s i s

G. caribaeus G. belizeanus G. carpenteri G. carolinianus G. ruetzleri G. Silvae

Field Sample X X X X X X

Culture X X X

Species-specific quantitative PCR analysis (M. Vandersea, Wayne Littaker, Pat tester)

SEM morphological

identification (S. Fraga)

Collected 60 fish from various trophic levels: CTX analyzed by RBA (trophic transfer

study and preparation of fish matrix reference material)

CTX dietary exposure Surgeonfish Naso brevirostris Barbara Losen (MS), Rachel Clausing (JPO)

Naso brevirostris

juvenile surgeonfish

Juvenile fish fed with 6% bw gel food

Dose (daily, 16 weeks):

89 cells/g fish/day

0.4 ng PCTX3C/g fish

Control: gel food only G. Polynesiensis

H. TB-92

- Consumption of

food in less than

15 minutes

- No signs of

intoxication

(Normal gill

movement,

swimming)

Food: 1,300 cell/gr food

Clausing et al, submitted

Fish accumulate toxin at linear

rate

• ~2% rate of dietary

accumulation

• Pronounced somatic growth

dilution

• Bioconcentration > in slower

vs faster growing fish

Implication for SEAFOOD

SAFETY

Method development and validation

• Based on CTX pharmacological properties for their target molecule, it presents a high sensitivity and specificity to assess overall toxic activity in phytoplankton or seafood products

• Similar to the AOAC validated STX-RBA, eeasily transferable

• RBA: rapid (3 hr) and high throughput

• Extraction: 2 days process



Capacity building: Training and equipment Sample prep and CTX detection

17 Fellowship/Scientific Visit

4 Training Course,

8 expert missions (2015-17)

Costa Rica

French Polynesia Oman

Provision of equipment Sampling, identification,

isolation, and culture of toxin

producing Gambierdiscus spp

• 7 training courses (2015-17)

French Polynesia

Kenya Dominica Rep



Capacity building: Production of training material and manual Sample collection and processing

Epidemiology



Gatti et al. in preparation

Network of data providers

42 MSs trained on sampling and identification of toxic phytoplankton

16 MSs equipped with the RBA for CTX (and STX) detection -> not all are operational yet

Surveillance of ciguatera cases



Interagency Global Ciguatera Strategy FAO, IOC, WHO and IAEA

• Improve organism detection and sampling strategies

• Improve toxin detection

• Improve epidemiological data collection, reporting and assessments.



Other Cooperation • Collaborating centre for HAB studies Philippine Nuclear Research Institute

• NOAA: practical arrangement

• Malarde Institute in French Polynesia: Cooperation agreement on the subject of Research on Impacts of harmful algal blooms and contaminants on marine ecosystems and seafood safety

• RAMOGE Agreement - FAO - WHO

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR BENTHIC HABS

MUSÉE OCÉANOGRAPHIQUE - MONACO, 9 -12 APRIL 2018

Conclusions International efforts for development Toxic organism monitoring in the environment

Gloabal Network of data providers => new information on Gambierdiscus and associated ciguatoxins are being produced that will improve Organisms monitoring and Risk Forecasting First study on Gambierdiscus and associated toxins in Cuba

Toxin levels in food A Receptor Binding Assay was optimized.

First experimental food web transfer study that demonstrates continued bioaccumulation of ciguatoxin in an herbivorous fish, masked by somatic growth dilution (Notably, fish showed levels of toxin above that required for human intoxication after only 2 weeks)

Study on next trophic level (carnivorous) should follow

Single lab and inter-laboratory validation process should follow

Need for certified reference material

Epidemiological data Preparation of a guide for the establishment of surveillance program

• IAEA (NAEL and TCP)

Rachel Clausing

Barbara Losen

Francois R. Oberhaensli

• Institut Louis Malardé (FP)

Mireille Chinain

Clemence Gatti

• CEAC (Cuba)

Lisbet Asencio

Carlos Alonso

• Ifremer (France)

Manoella Sibat

Philipp Hess

• NOAA (USA)

Pat Tester

Wayne Littaker

Mark Vandersea

• IOC, WHO, FAO



- ILM: Agreement between the IAEA-Environment

Laboratories and ILM concerning extra budgetary

contribution for the experimental assessment of

ciguatera toxins’ toxicokinetics and dynamics in

fish (Contrat Etat Pays)

- USA funded Junior Professional Officer

- Peaceful Use Initiative (USA)

- Government of the Principality of Monaco for the

support provided to its Environment Laboratories

Thank you!

IAEA research, development and capacity building for improved ciguatera … IAEA research, development and... · 2020. 3. 9. · Ciguatera, a global human health and economical problem

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