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0 00 01 11 1 0 01 1
X Y
x
y=f(x)
f
f
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fog
fog0 01 1 0 00 01 11 1 0011gf(x) g(f(x))x gf ZYfX
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-
-
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0
Q
P
O
R
1
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0
F
F
F
F
1
2
3
1/9 2/9
0
0
1/3
0
2/3
1
1
1
1
3/9 6/9 7/9 8/9
0
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11/11