Dr. Waldner Deviance Notes SOC 100 1 I. Define: A norm violation (folkway or mores) subject to negative sanctions. A. Becker: It is not the act itself but the reactions to the act that make something deviant. B. Deviance is defined through interaction with others C. Crime: Violation of law as norms D. Stigma: blemish on “normal identity” 1. Not always a behavior 2. Norms of ability 3. Norms of appearance 4. Involuntary memberships 5. “Mixed group” interaction • Avoid Interaction • Manage the stigma
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Dr. Waldner Deviance Notes SOC 100 1
I. Define: A norm violation (folkway or mores) subject to negative sanctions.
A. Becker: It is not the act itself but the reactions to the act that make something deviant.
B. Deviance is defined through interaction with others
C. Crime: Violation of law as norms
D. Stigma: blemish on “normal identity” 1. Not always a behavior 2. Norms of ability 3. Norms of appearance 4. Involuntary memberships 5. “Mixed group” interaction
• Avoid Interaction • Manage the stigma
Dr. Waldner Deviance Notes SOC 100 2
E. Deviance is relative
1. Why: Circumstances 2. When: Time period 3. Where: Location
II. Theoretical Perspectives
A. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
1. Differential Association theory:
a. Deviance is a learned behavior
b. Different groups we associate with pull us towards or push us away from deviance
2. Control Theory
a. Inner Controls: internalized morality, religious principles, desire to be considered good, fears of punishment etc.
b. Outer Controls: people who influence us not to deviate (family, friends, police, etc.)
c. Stronger bonds with society promote more effective inner controls
3. Labeling Theory
Dr. Waldner Deviance Notes SOC 100 3
a. Labels endowed with good or bad connotations are applied to people
b. Labels become part of self-concept
c. Labels embedded in self-concepts propel or deter deviance
d. Use strategies to neutralize negative labels
B. Classical: Deviance is the result of rational hedonism
1. Rewards of the behavior outweigh the costs of sanctions
2. Deterrence: Sanctions should outweigh the rewards of deviance
What modern theoretical perspective is closely related to a classical view?
C. Functional: Some deviance is functional and contributes to the social order
1. Functions of Deviance
a. Boundary Setting: Rule reminders b. Group solidarity: Increases group cohesiveness
c. Innovative: Promotes social change when norms are too rigid
Dr. Waldner Deviance Notes SOC 100 4
d. Conformity: Reminds us that norm compliance is easier
e. Tension-Reduction: Deviance as a safety valve
When might Durkheim argue that deviance has become dysfunctional?
How is the “Naked Guy an example of the relativity of deviance? What functions of deviance are illustrated?