I n t e g r a t e d D e s i g n C e n t e r / M I s s I o n D e s I g n L a b o r a t o r y N A S A G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R Do not distribute this information without permission from Gerry Daelemans ([email protected]) X-ray Missions Delta: AXSIO Redux Thermal Kimberly Brown 30 April – 1 May, 2012
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I n t e g r a t e d D e s i g n C e n t e r / M I s s I o n D e s I g n L a b o r a t o r y
N A S A G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
X-ray Missions Delta:AXSIO Redux
ThermalKimberly Brown
30 April – 1 May, 2012
Thermal, p2Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Thermal Control Subsystem Summary for S/C Bus
• Passive S/C radiators for spacecraft components– Thermal coating applied to exterior of closeout panels on anti-sun side– Heat pipes embedded in radiator panels
• Cho-therm interface material used for box to panel interface (electrically and thermally conductive) except for battery (Nusil interface)
• Heat pipes transfer heat from boxes (not mounted to radiators) to radiator panels
• Active heater control via mechanical thermostats (operational and survival)– Primary and redundant heat circuits– Two thermostats in series per circuit– Kapton film heaters attached to components, including propellant tanks– Line heaters on propellant lines and fill-and-drain valves
• Internal surface coatings has high emittance (Aeroglaze Z307 black paint) • Except for radiators, exterior of S/C bus and metering structure is insulated
with MLI blankets (15 layers make-up) • S/C bus is thermally isolated from FMA (24 mounting points)• Back side of portion of solar array that serves as sunshield is insulated with
MLI• Flight thermistors for telemetry of temperatures
Thermal, p3Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Thermal Control Subsystem Summary for Instruments
• FMA is cold biased and has active heater control via heater controllers– Primary and redundant heat circuits– Same heater circuits for operational and survival (10ºC lower set point for survival)
• FMA is thermally isolated from S/C bus• Passive radiators for XMS and XGS components
– Radiators shaded from sun– Heat pipes isothermalize radiator panels, except for XGS CCD radiator
• Heat pipes transfer heat from components to radiator panels, except for XGS CCDs
• Active heater control via mechanical thermostats (survival mode)– Primary and redundant heat circuits– Two thermostats in series per circuit– Kapton film heaters attached to components
• Heat pipes and backside of radiators are insulated with MLI blankets (15 layers make-up)
• Flight thermistors for telemetry of temperatures
Thermal, p4Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Thermal Control Subsystem Functional Block Diagram
Battery (Li-Ion)
Thermostatically controlled heaters
Avionics
Comm System
MLI Radiators
RW RW RW
RWE RWE RWE
Gyro
Thrusters
PSE
Radiators Reject Waste Heat to Space
FMA
Propellant Tanks, Lines and Fill-and-Drain Valves
RW
RWE
Thermal, p5Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Orbit Thermal and Charged Particle Environment
•L2 provides excellent thermal environment for passive (radiative) cooling – Earthshine and moonshine negligible
•Thermal disturbances– Sun angle changes due to ±10º roll and ±45º pitch – Seasonal variation of solar flux
•Charged particles environment requires electrically conductive thermal coatings– Radiators (anti-sun side) have NS43G yellow paint which has a high
emittance (0.9)• Flown on WIND, POLAR, MAP, etc.
– MLI outer covers have silver conductive composite coating (ITO/SiOx/Al2O3/Ag) which has a low absorptance (0.08 at BOL) and high emittance (0.6)• Flown on WIND, IMAGE, etc.
Thermal, p6Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Instrument Radiator Sizing
Cryocooler (Compressor & Control Electronics) Electronics Boxes
XMSCryocooler Radiator
E-Box Radiator
Ammonia Heat Pipe (Redundancy Not Shown)
Thermal, p7Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Instrument Radiator Sizing
XGS Power (W) IXO AXSIO Option A*
AXSIO Option B*
Scaled From
XGS Total 114 52 40 # of signal chains:IXO: 128; AXSIO-A: 64 (total);AXSIO-B: 40
*Option A: 2 pair of 30-deg gratings sectors, 2 x 8-CCD cameras Option B: 1 pair of 45-deg grating sectors, 1 x 10-CCD camera
Radiator Cools CCDs to -90°C Passively
CCD Power Dissipation: 0.1 W each (1.6 W Total)DEA & DPA Power Dissipation: 50 W (-40°C to 50°C operating; -55°C to 60°C survival)
CCDs are cold biased and trim heaters maintain temperature stable
Ethane heat pipes isothermalize CCDs
Ammonia Heat Pipe Transport Heat from DEA & DPA to Remote Radiator
Instrument shown will be scaled down from 32 to 16 CCDs
Thermal, p8Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
XGS CCD Parasitic Heat Load
Number of Conductors per Ribbon
40
Number of Ribbons 16
Conductor Material Stainless Steel 316
Conductor Size 28 AWG
Conductor Diameter 0.32004 mm
Conductor Length 0.5 m
Thermal Conductivity of Conductor
16 Wm-1K-1 at -50ºC
DEA temperature 20ºC
FPA Temperature -120ºC
Heat transfer by DEA harness to FPA
0.230 W
Number of heater circuits (primary and redundant)
2
Number of conductors 4
Conductor Material Copper
Conductor Size 22 AWG
Conductor Diameter 0.644 mm
Conductor Length 0.5 m
Thermal Conductivity of Conductor
400 Wm-1K-1 at -50ºC
DPA temperature 20ºC
FPA Temperature -120ºC
Heat transfer by heater harness to FPA
0.150 W
Number of heater controller temperature sensors (primary and redundant) 2
Number of flight temperature telemetry sensors for FPA, paddle and radiator (instrument and S/C)
12
Number of conductors 28
Conductor Material Phosphor-Bronze
Conductor Size 32 AWG
Conductor Diameter 0.2032 mm
Conductor Length 0.5 m
Thermal Conductivity of Conductor 65 Wm-1K-1
DPA temperature 20ºC
FPA Temperature -90ºC
Heat transfer by temperature sensor harness to FPA 0.020 W
CCD Radiator Heat Rejection: 1.6 W + 0.4 W = 2 W
(2.6 W after adding 30% contingency)
Thermal, p9Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Instrument Power Dissipation Summary
Power Dissipation (W) Power Dissipation (W)With 30% Contingency
XMS Electronics Boxes 751 976
XGS DEA & DPA 50 65
XMS Cryocooler 350 455
One radiator for cryocooler (compressor and control electronics) and one radiator for XMS electronics boxes and XGS DEA and DPA
Thermal, p10Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Radiator and Heat Pipe Orientation
•Cryocooler compressor motor mount and control electronics located slightly below radiator– Allows cryocooler CCHP operate in reflux mode to overcome
gravity problem in ground testing
•CCHPs transfer heat from electronics boxes to radiator– CCHP attached to exterior of components (IceSat GLAS
heritage)– Multiple CCHPs provides sufficient heat transport capacity
and redundancy• 2.8575 cm diameter ammonia pipe; 1372 W-m limit• 1.27 cm diameter: 152 W-m limit
– Radiators slightly above CCHP evaporators to allow CCHP operate in reflux mode in ground testing
Thermal, p11Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Instrument Survival Heater Circuits
• Survival heaters and thermostats attached to exterior of electronics boxes and cryocooler motor mount– Set point of primary heater circuit thermostats is 3ºC larger than redundant
heater circuit– Powered by S/C bus directly
Control Primary Circuits
Redundant Circuits
XMS Electronics Boxes
Mechanical Thermostats
16 16
XMS Cryocooler (Compressor and
Control Electronics)
Mechanical Thermostats
2 2
XGS DEA & DPA Mechanical Thermostats
2 2
XGS CCD Mechanical Thermostats
1 1
Total 22 22
Thermal, p12Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
FMA Thermal Requirement
•Mirror segment temperature gradient requirement depends on gradient topology
•Rule of thumb is 20°C±0.5°C• Recent IXO STOP analysis has a ± 0.1°C goal
Thermal, p13Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
FMA Thermal Design
• FMA is cold biased• Active heater control maintain mirror segment
temperature stable and meets thermal gradient requirement
• Heater locations– Conductive portion of thermal pre-collimator– Exterior of module walls– Fore section of metering structure
• Non-conductive portion of thermal pre-collimator minimizes heater power
• Sunshield prevents direct solar impingement on FMA• FMA thermally isolated from S/C bus
Thermal, p14Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
FMA Heater Locations
Conductive Portion of Pre-collimator
Non-Conductive Portion of Pre-collimator
Fore Portion of Metering Structure Exterior
Thermal, p15Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Power Dissipation
Nominal Average
(W)
Nominal Average with
30% Contingency
(W)
PSE 114 148
C&DH 147 191
ACS 62 81
Propulsion* 5 6.5
Data Systems 44 57
Total 372 484**
Safehold (W)
Safehold with 30%
Contingency (W)
PSE 83 108
C&DH 29 38
ACS 60 78
Propulsion 5 6.5
Data Systems 44 57
Total 221 287
Launch (W)
Launch with 30% Contingen
cy (W)
PSE 43 56
C&DH 29 38
ACS 23 35
Propulsion 5 6.5
Data Systems 0 0
Total 104 135
*Pressure Transducer**Used for radiator sizing
Thermal, p16Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Thermal Control
MLI on Exterior of Metering Structure
MLI on Exterior of S/C Bus with Exception of Radiators
MLI on Backside of Sunshield Portion of Solar Array
Sunshield MLI
Thermal, p17Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Thermal Control
MLI on interior to radiatively isolate from FMA
CCHP isothermalizes mounting interfaces for FMA (redundancy not shown)
CCHP embedded in honeycomb radiator panel
Thermal, p18Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Propulsion Subsystem Thermal Control
Heaters, thermostats and MLI to maintain temperature of propellant tanks, lines and valves above 10ºC. Heater circuits have redundancy.
Propellant tanks, lines and valves are thermally isolated from S/C bus structure
Cat-bed heaters commanded to heat reactors on prior to firing
Aluminum tape spreads heat along propellant lines
0.559 m Diam.
Thermal, p19Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Thermal Model
S/C Bus
Metering Structure
Instrument Radiators
S/C Bus Radiators
Solar Array XGS CCD Radiator
XMS Cryocooler Radiator
Thermal, p20Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Thermal Model
Mirror Module Pre-collimator
Stray Light Baffle
Conductive Portion of Pre-collimator (Heater Controlled)
Thermal, p21Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Summary of Radiator Sizes
Components Radiator Area (m2) CoatingXMS Cryocooler Radiator 1.46 NS43G
XMS Electronics Boxes and XGS DEA/DPA Radiator
3.1 NS43G
XGS CCD Radiator 0.07 NS43G
S/C Bus Radiator 1.45 NS43G
Thermal, p22Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Summary of Instrument Survival Heater Power
Peak Heater Power (W)
Orbital Average Heater Power (W)
XMS Electronics Boxes 790 553
XMS Cryocooler (Compressor and
Control Electronics)
131 92
XGS DEA & DPA 37 26
XGS CCD 1.4 1
Total 960 672
Thermal, p23Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Summary of S/C Bus Survival Heater Power
Peak Heater Power (W)
Orbital Average Heater Power (W)
Total 142 100
Thermal, p24Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
MLI (15-layers) for S/C Bus (17.7 m2) 10.62 1 10.62 9Heat Pipes (CCHP) Embedded in S/C Closeout Panels (1.2 m long; 1.27 cm diam.) 0.36 16 5.76 7Heat Pipes (CCHPs) for Transpoting Heat from Electronics Boxes to Radiators (1.5 m long; 2.8575 cm diam.) 0.586 4 2.344 7Heat Pipes (CCHPs) for Isothermalizing FMA Mounting Interfaces (6 m long; 2.8575 cm diam.) 2.344 2 4.688 7
Heaters on Propellant Tanks (redundancy included) 0.006 96 0.576 9
Heaters on Propellant Lines (redundancy included) 0.002 24 0.048 9
Thermostats on Propellant Tanks (redundancy included) 0.006 48 0.288 9
Thermostats on Propellant Lines (redundancy included) 0.006 48 0.288 9Thermostats for Survival Heaters -- Honeywell 3100 Series (redundancy included; 8 per box) 0.006 80 0.48 9Survival Heaters (redundancy included; 8 per electronics box or cryocooler) -- Kapton Film 5.5 cm x 6.4 cm 0.002 96 0.192 9
MLI (15-layers) for Propellant Tanks and Lines (1.1 m2) 0.66 1 0.66 9
MLI on Solar Array Backside (2.4 m sunshield) (7.2 m2; 15-layer) 4.32 1 4.32 9
S/C Bus Thermistors for Telemetry 0.001 40 0.04 9
Thermal, p25Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Mass Estimates/TRL
S/C Components
Mass Each (kg) Qty
Mass Total (kg) TRL
Thermostats for XMS & XGS Electronics Survival Heaters -- Honeywell 3100 Series (redundancy included; 8 per box) 0.006 96 0.576 9Survival Heaters (redundancy included; 8 per electronics box or cryocooler) -- Kapton Film 5.5 cm x 6.4 cm 0.002 96 0.192 9
XMS & XGS Thermistors/Platinum RTDs for Telemetry and Heater Control 0.001 40 0.04 9
Total 129.56
2
Thermal, p27Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Conclusions and Recommendations
• S/C bus, XMS and XGS thermal design meets temperature requirements and have sufficient margin
• Instrument radiators must be above CCHP evaporators to make CCHP testable (in reflux mode) during ground testing
• STOP analysis is needed to evaluate if FMA thermal design meets thermal-structural distortion requirement
• Evaluate thermal effect of solar array as sunshield on FMA mirror temperature gradient– If necessary, consider optical solar reflector/ITO (no solar cells) on
“sunshield” portion of solar array
Thermal, p28Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
Delta Charts for AXSIO Redux
• Change in the MEL are the following: Removed mass for
– XMS Cryocooler Radiator, Paint, MLI on backside of Radiator– XMS Spreader heat pipes for XMS Cryocooler Raditor– XMS Electronics Radiator, Paint, MLI on backside of Radiator– XMS Electronics MLI Tent– Buttons, Velcro and Tape for MLI (included in MLI weights)
Thermal, p29Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
AXSIO Redux MEL
• AXSIO Redux New MEL includes:– Metering Structure MLI, thermistors– S/C MLI, paints, heaters, thermostats, thermistors– Heat Pipes embedded in S/C closeout panels– Heat Pipes for transporting heat from electronic boxes to radiators– Heat Pipes for isothermalizing FMA mounting interfaces – XGS Electronics MLI tent, heaters, thermistors, thermostats, Radiator, Radiator
Paint, MLI on backside of Radiator.– XGS CCD Radiator, Radiator Paint, MLI on backside of Radiator.
Sized a Radiator for XGS based on 50 Watts 0.182 m2 to add in MELRemoved 12 heaters for tanks and lines from MEL (estimate) of how many per tank
Thermal, p30Final Version
M i s s i o n D e s i g n L a b o r a t o r y
30 April – 1 May, 2012X-ray Delta: AXSIO Redux
Do not distribute this information without permissionfrom Gerry Daelemans ([email protected])
S/C Bus Thermal Control Subsystem Functional Block Diagram