I - ,• • ~ - n 1,!.-;.. I, . n ,.L, S . -. , . - ' · . • , ; •

B ur!'l up v. j th t b- pr otlcr r, ·t or ..... nis:.. :. s _c·J.r :'... !:.: :.. _s ~:. 1 0 0 • I • .._ •}· t "'\ C, ' .. - \.- r -'- I - ,• • •

_,. , --. ,-. f' ul cl1"n -.- , s 1 1 _n0u~ . -' .., J " · · · ~ ~- - - .

~ubJ"i;:; Ct Q _ p1.., .,._ . . . ~ ~ . - .... - r ... -. 'hr _, _. - '"

~ 1· tr - 1.--'l'l - .... 1'.' ili n .· 10 l k "r,.., S1, 1.·on ,·•=r t h n 1,!.-;.. I, .n ,.L..., S .

P,'., ,'1 C c: W 1t.. D , 1 c .. · - .._ . · . .... _ _ c- _ • • , ; • , + , . ,.... · -

h - -- , i t !":1i~'/ UL th .... t ~. 1;o l l cc 1, lV•..; - S1.., ClJ.Tl uc1 SJ- t . • · -- - · r. v =>--

I r. t t- 0.1:Y · • · · 1 · · _,.o·- p ..... c - f ,· 1

11 . n o1.i •h ttou;::--}: :"1-.... k1n f; n o spr:, C l ..... pr ovis ion ~ .1 1.: ·- ..... _

W' • (., ·" ) - - . ' t l • t t

h- ..... . ·so t oo r.1 i..; h t " n " n .... l oGous l.'' con s t1"tu .._ _._ .:i,~ ·.: - .... s

c .. nb\., • · y t · t - ,.. 1 i· k · 1-- ti-, , .... 'no · t es s thl- M.: Ls .'"' n :l Pc rsJ.:-. ns . L i , S .. 1.JLJ ...) . \.., J 1~- l- .

Wl :p 11 t · - t ..... · t CJ ~ .... · ,·r ..... ~i or ,,..,., r P'"' ~s i ',, 1 •· system for t h1.- CO ~ C l. V L J . S Y - lD J. \•: 1...;;, ::, 1 -· , -...,::, v_v

s t .::i n :l t he str" i ~1 t o wh j_ch it v~ il1 b.._ ~ub .J ..: Ctud i;.nL-~3 t h ~r : . . 1s

~oin~ on " 11 th1.: ti□ \., r p r OC t..SS by which t t.._ r ~su l t1n~ str r ~ns crn

be c; s l, d b y mo'li f i c ~ti ons uf t L•- s t '""l t us q1.~ ?'. ' P~st '-' XP-rLnc ... 1 ,

s -;:,.ys Lor ~1 H'"": li fc-x , , 1- 1... '1 cl1 ... s th'"": t :-: st :.;b l... .. int-- nr~1on...., l or-1..__ r ~. us 1:

~J riit of ord,:ff 0.:1.. ch'"": n i;L in th"' ri...1 :· tion s bctv:1..,;,.;n ..:. t,.,t.:.s 1 •

2 . v:nih. , for t h.._ .., n.'"' 1 0 _- ou s f ·a.nction . of ch" n ·;in;· its r ;unic i pr l

l .'.7.W , t v~ry co untry h-:c, q :: yst l-1.: of its own , n on._ ~r n c 1 ,., i · t o

h --:iv d fo 1.u1d r-. 00rf l= ct L>- thoJ . Un ·k r n o ik is t r . .;r•- ~tsolut 1..,;

s e curity :-:t~n ins t 'pos s i.bJ .J cri r.,_; 8r r ·- v o J.ution . i.ior c ,.,n :,'cso l ut ,~

::1... c uri t y bo pr or1 i s,~ c1 bj· : ny L 1 t ,_nr t :i on :· l sGlLu,~. C o lJ..:..cti v i:.

stcw.~i t :v '10 pe nJs , not P11y r ,_ l y on p:-:p_r co: ·_:'. i t ,'.1 -; ~t s ,., ssUJ,k.J b,y

sov.::. r c i ~n 3t2t.._ s , but on th_ pr...: :.:::.._nc ,_ uf pr...-:pnndc. r:-nt p ov1.::. 1· --: t tr,•:.

s~ ·v1:c. -.:-- of '"' cti v t? ly coop .- :i;-:-·t iv .... vi i 11. If it i s t o r _ "t : ir:i. the:

po·s1.t iv2 b:.- ctin ::; of t h1.. (: i..-D 1;r"lit _,, of 1 tllir l ' St-:t1.::s , th,.::

Sucuri t y s yst.._n J:J C'.Y D <- ·- '-~ t o S!)u ,r:k , n ot JTkrd y t o tr:,_; s .:: l f -intci-_st

~ n~ instinct of s'"' l f -pr '-s.._ rv~t i on of t h'-' p~oples , but ih soa0

~,1.., .'."! St.rr 0 t o th8i r con scj_~.ncL ·· ~ ~:n . T1,_ ;-,:,20 n c L' of <: n,j · tr- t<... p o f: s -

i bility of r Gt: s 6 11~bl0 ch':"' 11: \-, ·LJ.' r..:."G •.:: 1 ... 1). J. r:;1.- .?ns , in ,... ·-·i·,_;- :..n st ·.., ~ ·_;s

q u o 1:i:: y m~ J.;:\j f o r hcs it:- i:;i on 'J n -1;; __ p' rt ui' tho ss.: ',;hos ._ ,.--j_ .... r'"'n,:; .... ....

is 11 ..:) <.::J ~ :. ::-:;c:inst c.t~:n ~-<.: s t J b1.. b r :-u . .:::t " ::- ont b y v· ~T.

3. a.na . ~ust :-·s JOJ"J1..,St i c nr.'.- r ~ s ::. !-:. ·.--.:1 _._r if to o i: - r.(,' o f t r .L

pub lic ?r e- out of -s yl:"Jp"tll,-. ·:: · t~: t r, :, 1... ~:i stin:· s y.~·c,. ~, of l".•:: , Eco ,

for the: SUCC i:: SS of - collLc t j v '- S..:C' 1.1.ri t _-,_.· I.>Y 0 .~:r - .: :x. , it is i :: ;iortrr; t

t h~t not t oo □fny e s pcc i ::- lly of t ~ .... p0~ur f u l St"t .... s ~~ pq a2G2s~ : ,

:: t on0 -n.:. th.._ s 2r.10 ti,·.l.. , cf :- m1::- ~~::, ..... ;s.:: ~ :ci:. s 0ntr:.-s n t ;: ,- " i n 3 t -:: 1'":•..-;

l,;;, 6'."' l s t'"'.tus quo . Th,:: -[y r ;-_;,.:. o:~ : ,i n : ) _i~ thi s Yt.::Spcct' . 0-f ~-

p~rtioul~r n ~tion Q'..""J □oru ov"' r ~1.. ~cri Jrrt~ . Tha loc ~l ~~r-p~r t y

~~y p~2S6~tly ~chi6VG po~~r. In ~his i t ~ry ~L ll bu h ~lpul b y

~ny obvious _inr'.dGQ.UE: C:Y in t h _ in-:; ...:::;.·1:'"' tion:,.l pr ovisions f or p.: ~c .:.. t·.11

ch::n,:;;. . .o . Onc0 in the: .S'"' ::i-:"'.12 s·:..c ;.-_ ._1 (:;r:~c: nt.3 :Y'.y indc .::. 1 s0 1..· \ · t o

s abo:t2.gc ·2ny r c3 son~b l c s ys t (:! .. b i... l ?tt:. ~~ l y intr ).iuc 1: ,:l . 'I'h c i ssu,: s

· over wh:i:,.ch such 0l er.ients ~·:il l (: VC:: !'lt -..:..:: lly f;'J t o w.-:..r n eed no t b ~

:: Jen"tic::l with thos2 t h:: i nt c.: rn :-'.ti on~. i. n -::;~-1 <.: c t of which h:' :1. h (: lpc:;:1

~h€::·: into pow13r. ~hu' e.eri:.an :: s :::' 'J~ cl :·- n.-·c: :.1 r.y , in th-:) ir ef"1rli E: r I !orn, b~vE be~ n mode,r<: "t·:.O en~ i nJ.00 d justifL ,:. • Thc: ir v e: r \· ~

~ O,J,;: r D. ticn r.:?.y how0v 0r h :-:ve: :9r-. Vd ":!t c ' t11,_i r_ t -0ii1,; c'onsidercd

~ □port~nt e n ! cr~ 2 t0 d th0 i opr~ss~ oa t ~~~ ~h~y could with s ~foty be

i ;;~orc •:..

4. Givc: n <: r ..:ic som'.bls r:Y' chlr:-. r ~.' -o--:_~ ch .... ·n : ·2 i t should b e:; si·l .c s,

bz :oor t- difficult for th.a 1 lict~:t ors 1 ·co h·o odv1ink the .more. ' gullible

s e ctions in the pe;c:00 .:.lovin .:: c0un tri...:s r :3 t o tlk justica of thEo ir

ba lli5e i;-E:nt e r.use. . . · ~ ·.

. 5 • It -::l2. y bo that . collcctiv-.:. · so -:uri t _y , :i. n whr: t e; v -~ r f . _ ~ orn,

1s in r.ny CE. SE t-. utopi'nn . j.d~ ~l. ~·u-t r; v:orld orgnnisc·d. f or o -- -- c --

1oes neve rthel ess , sccu , . 1,n . the or;,, 0 'pc•S3ible I worH, · GivC~--," /

I ,-, . -r).. .: : :-: -- --: .

l .. , r,,: ~C\..: f .ll ..., ·· · · ··. - --:_ •. __ ,. ..,- · _ _ _ f

in - ,... , pr ob - - , - . . t .. ·1 •• , - •: , _ , ... _ • , __ _ -6 . ;.5 or n ·1- . ., nt of oovcr::..; n 't 1.ri _ "1 ,1 • • ,. : r j - -,5- - s - .·.(: .-:

' n r '"'n .._; 1.,;L,L .J..' " J_ " f ..) _ .• ~ , O

f introdUC l.•,o Ch 'in ··· .., int .,rn:J vion ~.1_ ,~: ,... 1-· . ,-..- ::- t l :..: . t world - t-\; l h ,.., l ,.. .• - r .1.l. S • ,.. , _.., - - '

:i s t ~gnan · .,,. .... in or :hn,...·r :r · ur.i 1 -:-.!. - - - • 1 i ..... ... - ~~ · .., ver yiaY x tt._ ... 5 · ,...- uch i s ;:;r : " T, '11 - ?~- _ 1,, ~~ -- !- , ... - -. n e t hOSt who c on c ~1.v1... 1t . . :;) ~- - ~n i f r ul -c c f ·::n: c1-:i. . _\ -,J. - , _ _ _

f or ,..., ns t hose cr1<'Dt.l.: S - 1 v 1 • • " . r i -ns -1- ·:, ,... r 0

b y peac(; fUl !J1., • > . l rl f'"' il ,, 5 C.. 0 , 1' T l ·-· r = - --- '-' .,, collective s ecurity wou - . -0 1 · · ~Jr ~h: s h

r, ,1 f or o n v insti t ution ,:l pro vlSJ.. 011 1.. • -7 T e nE:0... ·- J . ..; t -P --. r- ,. , ,:; ...._ ,, y be

• . . . -· d r' c o ntrov 1.. rs1 --1 po .J..n · ... -- .,_ > ~-purpose: ~s, i.nde~ _. ' ch ,. rn:!ttvr of proc 1.:;~_trr " l IO~ ~ s .~ of , c.r 5ue c1 , 1~ not s o_nu , __ I f it v1e r 1... f ounJ pos sib l -: t 0 r oo t cut psychologica l ~tt~tu• .. cls~_ - sponsi'bilitv rn -} •..;nli :::ht ,,n '9t O:ple s ,.s · "

• it of n"t10nn irr..... .. . - · ,... 1 . . ,... ..:iy th1; sp~r . · . '° tho f 1.mdc1:.1c nt -:- ls of p.:.".C; v.s u..!. ~ r '" ~--the ir i nto2 r 1~pe r:id~ncc; > In rc- ttc: rs not vi t,...,ll y -:- f f e: c tinc the pe"ce h~vc bee n ~u P~1 ~ ; ~ -iv e~i~ts tt -rs-s :'.i '~ , , _ l)r oc '- s s 01 P - "Ce ful proble; rJ t~cr \; " 1\:· -~ tl wh~lo 1 f•,-,irl·: ·nc.ll'. T::.o n or l 1 m•;e s cha nEE: which work'=' on 11... -·· --: .&- h"' . - -'- h ·

• 1

. o2 '"'ce f ul pro Gr .... ss - r~nl th._ r1..: .i.or ~ c ... n c-c- - i;o v • • c no lk~t t c: fP1.~t ---nrtion1:l 'oo .::.~i i;;S of " }:.in :1. v,; l1.') S E. <1ctiv i -i.;i _s ~.re wor 1.ng o ~ ~ . . ~, -p ' ,~ · TJn~·.r r -"'1 "? 0 -~,..., 1

:. . "11 cla ssc ... 1. s s 'non-con"tenti. ou.:) • _ 1.•- .J.. '- -= - - - .:) , 5c ne: r . Y ·

- · · , ,... , o J · s... ~ n .:i U · h'"'S thus for the: 'o..:. st pe.rt 0 1 ,. C,.;n-;:v.r:i O·~c.. n - - ·. '- 1., •• --·

nion c. --

- , , · ~ ~ · lt ..i:- ... • • • •

unr. ssuninr .:1 ·.::e nt of p . a c~f ul ch".n ,:c.; 1• !.· .:.--= :, 1.~:::1.c1.: ,y O.J. :.:,:; ~~ 1.nb

0 t:: - .... . .• ,. ot .. , . ·,- r -i r 1or crisis

such ~ .:'.ocUIJE:nt 2 s th,.; Lytt on r..•..;porl,. '- -"·" - . , • t ll. .. -1

_ --· · :--lrs 2. lr .:.~c.y occurr.: ~. , is .=:-:-i:t t o· r-.i. .:,..; ci·-:; f r ur.. .lc::t._ct1.v0 r:: :-, c hin .... ry b~t froc tr3dition:1.l h:;bits of l ~~.l in~: . ., ~t :-1 ::.n-t ...: r n '.:'."ti on ~l difficulti . s : it is, in r , \':or } , psyc:~Lc, l ,J · i c ' l . 11'0 S I)!:}[' stu~.c. nts , h

~ \.-.. ' r s . ' - · . ~ 1 r 1· C - .... T- s O c i r , l .... n l

noreover, t _ 1 c.r-r ... ~c 1rr.nt.: c ,1 :. n :·-= l !. 1.: 1- • 1 .:: , _ - -· - . . , politicc l f orC,c; S l'!hich h '." V•..: Oc'(, 11 t r ou..:;.t ' :)) \;."C: b .... t\·•0~ :1 p 1... oplGS . nn l ,:;ovcrnne nts of b r o" 1ly si:· il~:::.- c.-1;..tl 'u Y.., •:::.. t r .. ou,:; t r.-: c or.:puls1.on of crchin0r y o:f the t y pl:' f"VC' ur '- _: c:· :::.·.: vis i onis -cs : h :-v ,_ su.:-·; .. st-1 th'.; t t h 0 J::iph:: sis l :: i ::. , in t he: ~.- .... ~.r s ·J~ 1 :, r .., 1 ;;·39 , ,:.,nth .. ; 111.,.._; :":_ f or such rr.:::i chinGr y t o :.v1:rt :--. br .. ·: k ::_ ·.-;r. ri_: .::- i·:i liz~ +,i o n , r ..: q_uirc s r c - consLkr" tion i!1 1,h.:.: li t;rn; of t 1-:.:: -.:;\' _:ns ::- f t i1c 1 ~.st thr,._;c: YE. '.lrs .

8 . , .r,;on t:=st thos 1.. , on t h--: 0t h.o r . :'·r: . , v1h::i :n--:·: s s._ c. n D..:. ·-ce ful chcn; e ::is :i n inst it'uti on.'.". l pr oble~, 1:!·1-2.· .. -:.s L·:-- l ·~~ Ceci l , ·:n--10 , s p~ e :..Cins on th\: I..0 !'T0VI of t h..:. :.r r.:isti ce in 1.91 :- ::.· 02.·<:sh~ :,owc.-. , r.3 J n,_ of t h. fw1?t~ ons of th.2 f uture; Lc::.~uiJ of· n :-.-,_: i ,--i; . .:: 1 ·~. qu:'si - 1,_ ·isl " tiv(; :;~t1.v1ty :--f •.vhich li 1: tle or nothini· s .__,_: _s -f~ .. r :- 11 t :) 't." 12 b1..: ._ n S"'.i •2 in tl-i2 ::-•ctuo.l f r ;I:: inc of i: ht: P..::"Cc.: . . . .ctis L .. s 11, 1 : "n·~ 1 9 o: th: Cove n ::mt 1o inc1e:e.~ h: v c 1.." ch :-- -: . :~· ,:; ·i!1 :r-~ 1 -: -i.;i •::m 1; 0 ,: h.:: pr obl:n , 1:> d t h,.., r 1..: is no Si ( n in t he r c c,Jr,Js ;,f : .: . J.91.~ :. ::.sc·..._3sio!1S of ­·"-nythint: C')r:1p::1r r.blw with th.J int~r c s t. ·.-~:1i.c .1 t·-·5 c 1:--_,_ -c - b..: shovm in i t s ince . Nev~rth~l css it wcs ~ ~~~r ~ r ~ }~ o: ~~ i~l - ~or Lcr 2 Lcthi~n t o soy thct, r.s und.orstooc. b y !".i r .. - -:. i::~-:1. t i .. <.: > "t11.:.. cov -"' n·mt '.ir~wn up h ::d. bi;C;n 2.s ::-.n insi;ru.-.;e nt 01.. ~-r .i ttin.= ! s o~ .c Dr ~ss·rr _ 1~~c r11 by ~h.~ni;c· s could be n~ .:.le 1 • Th"t P: •: si..1.t.: n-:. --:i l s o'n co;c -=: i v ~-:t th-~r Sl.!J l.18.rly its inte:n ded functi on 1-: -:- s l , "': ·:· l :; b~ : :. -~ i;;:; _:::t .: ~. b :1 ~~r . Sur.:'.n i.:: r \ic ll1;.. s .

I 3 . -

of thi..! _Pn• b~ 111 . Th0 Co n ditions

_ , ~ t~o~ Jf t h ~ t p o ~c ~ful ch- n ~ -. tl• nr•t11-r \.. n .. ,I.., ? I '11h 11. "i il12 t th-:11 1 s .· ·1·~ . · - h nu ~;h t t u be. n -:. .... . ~c i . - ,:; . _ . f which s o::ie new prov1s1. ,)n is t_ t. - -C ut t v1.: ll , r:,.V' Y 3c...:r-. ..,t fi r st

or f 1 c ll''' l1 ·c ", wr o .., r > • .,. ,., r .:;xpr" ssion "pc:~1.. ~ · ~ -. _;: . ··htfo rv·r:r ::1 . This ., hc,w.:,v ~~ , , 1 ~ _.1 · -si ·J1t t o bG -pl :-- 1.n .n ..... str -.1. ,_:, _ . t h · nh~, noei:rn - t o wm.c n i t c r u l i , - . th- c,, s ~ , Re: ·.r1. ..::w1.n5 '-' -= . l f un:l t h · -:fr OD bt:. 1.n.; I.. " V • • • ' n lie 1 i n t h0 p r!St ) ' i t.: 0 ~ v •. --s "',-. J·u(1r-" ::, be conv-.:,n1 ._, n.;ly , ppf 1 . - s T~r o . --ri1· c "' b l u c3;:;tt l ,. D-::nt

!lv • 0 . f r, ...., cc u ne ;c; - .,. ·-· .. t o i ncl '.l.:.0· , ~ i;r c. lc t1on,o ·· " .· ·-h,, =· w o-f' ~r ~s ~h..::. i n :1irt,; ct c on -.. . ts -- ~"v ur. ·L.,; r t bv o ,, .,o ,._ ~ ., , t · .._ "Ii

t c ::, rr '.' n i::,"':-i'"'n , ··-- . "'l ; ;_ '"·11 such tr2ns.'.' c-ci ,:ms shouL. .~ i n L- - -Sc.;o u1..- nc t 0f we r • .:.. 1. . ' . · _ . • ~ -·J· ., -nt "''-l}C t:'"' . .: ?,t ·"' t 8 v,,., s

- ., . .,., S' - 0 111. . c.: ., . - ~"' , ' V ,. - • l ' n P.: "t Ur-.. OI b :-: r SC' 1. n s ',V · > " •.• ? -, r , , ..... ,, 1· S T" I ·1 1ic 5 t · · · t )f · ·o• "" , not or · .1. 1,.!. CA -- • -

pri r,,.,ri l y nn 1.ns.;rur.k n l l, c.· ~ · '-· , · . ' ' ) .. '.:. ki D 'l ·f

"' l t~-~-~ ... 1.· 011s 1 s~vs Dunn, • of th" s "1i -: t. 11s q •, , .r .:. q1ca r ~ .:, I ... .... , - - -_-

. .

C .L L I; , _. ., • r -- _ .... i.; },~t l"D"' n ...

·· - - -- · brin ..,. th0n ·:-.bout'. Thos ..; _ wn.,, - .:: .:,_l ,, , ,.,. . , v .:. -

pr _, s::,UI1.. .;o o ., . , ,. ,., -"ul ,.,17-- n ·'-' , ~ -.c . t - 1 un"-·r ~ thr 0 "'t of 8 YD8:J. 1 0 YC 1,. 1. 3 D , •·c · ~) 1,. , , 1.. . .!. - v · : · ..:.

i..;. !.1. t.: C c: \. . __ 1;:; ... ~ ...., ... _ • . , • }-- - - t ,.., --

.,, .,.. ._ c. " " S C'='rr "t libertv to :1e fin-:: t1, 1..,1.r t. -:. ::c:. .. s i ,.o\·: t. 1-,1 P-- · ~ .. . \,; ' - - J ..... ~ , ..... .J

..... - ... . . .... . ... - ·~ , ., ...... ' But i t should' h e .,.oGs on 1b <; n o t ...:: 2 t \·'. , '-' ~- .. 1.., :::ini ,,i · 11 l, L _,::, , .

- I O I h .I' ' t ' .. • ' 1 •7 S 1 ~ 't l V r cstrict .o:5. would. .::q_uelly t.Xcl u,.k c "n,·c:s _'-' .!.. l .; C ~ • L·J '·<. ·- . -• , : . _ or ju :.icie.l proc e ss if thc: s 1:: r equi r,:. :: ,_n1 , r e -_:: .~c1t 1

• _ Cruttv,~ l .1. - ✓ :... r. fin:.'..s i t convenient to includ...3 wi thi n t L _ ~:.t _. :.J . '.Y n p~::1c -:-f L'll , ch::!ni;es the: kinl brought r:bout b y th-: unil" t ,.: ::::--1 :'.,. n·.mc J_ .:-. t J .)Il ·~• I " trc o.ty without previous ne 1;oti2.tion. 12. For. the futur <! , somi..:: hav ,..: , t :-, c,"' :: ·:a·,~ , h op~ l th- t :p .... ~: c c ful ch,m t:;t- Dii;ht be purs&d of this ..s l t.: !·.:-...nt •.'i° c .- n 3t::!:- ~int . •·· . .--1<;11 't k s ~·y 11 pE:: c'. c cful 11 , safd one e.uthor i ty, ' l t l,-i_ n !: ·:,. •·h_. ·-.L s :,:-:.; t l'.i r!_· : -: :, :!'.'-:. th,.,n !Ji::r c ly ch~nge which t ~kes pl .:-:c ..:: 1:-,i th ,,_,t · --. r . o ]:- ,-,1_,-·)1 :,; ::.. ~n p2 ':'.c ;; ful cn,:l volunt?,:r;y che.nge 1 • J)Gnn :-: ,.::-1·-- _ s ~ b1. ... .-L, ,~ nl y i n q s .:. n s1.. : I The, "voluntcl.ry11 ch2r2.ct~r of tli,..: "'. C c-_ui .;; SC- nc~ b:,.· t r.._, S ' r 11 p .y; ;, r :.1. -:-y bi:; in th~ ,fom of ~ choice bctwc c: i". •. v i l s ' . 13. Orie .·obstnc)..e .to tnc lib0r.-:- l-:::pi.ri t, _ 1 c x,., :, i n~ tLn 1f e: l - i 1 s for intcr;n:i.~i•;>riah .'c hnnge ' is the n r'. t1.u- ,., l ,,;_, ;i.; 0 t i o ;1 "l. _· :iv1..rn:::cnts to r.nyt}ling'-. tb.at ·would . secs t o i!'!lprov,~ t b . s -r. :i." ' t. i c ~i t r ti ·n c f ~ possi~~.'-. A~~e>;s~•il;l wq,r. The t c.rr.·. ' P lY : , 1· 1)u l i t. i cs 1

1 r_ _-.--rks Dunn, l ~!3 •J) ··.sim:ster . sound, a n :. thc r.... i :;; , ·,\•i.k s :n ·-...: ·. j.;L'lY! ..: ncy t n r eg~o.::~ov~r~e:-zit _s_ wh~c9- pre ctisc it --s :)r, : c~o v .... rru::_n t s .-. n,_1_ t o e xple:1t,1 ,the1.r" ,preoocupation .w.i th it ,., .::; ,~t·,._ t , 71 mi li ,:; ·-·r i s r:: 11 o r s o '.-:.:~ 0tr:er corel de1;'ect. . i ;Qt~~-lly it se ""1 :l s "'·n i 11- v i t -:-: ·-: 1c "'c c m:! p -.nin'-' n t of· '.thf::l -k;i.nd _of , o!grtn:tsntion . thn:t 8Xist s in the. int ..: r n··•t i :i n -.l c "l:-:-.:.;:..1-1 :.. ,;y today 1• : H~no·e po.wer bc:6.om0·s its .:::: lf ·, u., j :r nbju ctiv_ · f :p .i l ic2· . Tl;ler(; results· n gx:eat confusion oi r ·lu'" s ·:1 n ·'. ~tti tu.2.:. $ , •. ll .pr?pO~c'\).S fQrcbc.nges in:tm. stntus q -.:i.o , !"-=t..: -, rn.._s .:; •) f t h." ,:;- .,un ·.~ r: which they e r(. b r- s 0 d r.ru bnun.l ·n ·, ~"\·- -L " - s s • .:::.s "" i -r c- t ~ · ·

' J .. . , 1.,, ~ . • .. 1 .:::i > V J v \... ( ._ ~ • _,~ ...L. - - - --f oret;)O St in t e r n s of th~ir ~ff0ct upon t r.~ ,)0w .... r :.-t. l "' -r:. · nshi ;:'3 - -: : __ 4

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15. Ir. the s .:-msc in whi cn p0£'.c ,:: f ·J.l ch-n -· ·- is h..;r ..:. ,: i ~c 1!ss .:: l , i t is :lc si;n,.::d t c, s"'rv,j :i s ,:lte r nr·.t i ,r,: ,·, -:1. :- thc;rv:isc. ~n-t ic ip :> t GJ wa1·l.i.kc :p:cooe;ss t) f ch .. '\n 5E:. Pc :: c ::..f1:: l c - n ·-- l:l. th, intcr c, s ·c::, of j·J.stic e:, , ::is sud1 , :i. :::. -:n i:1 ~r.p( ".l : -- ~, t pr ,)t h :D , Ev(; n t1.12·11y

1 s :Jys Dunn , it O.'.'Y 1)w p0 .:;s i ·o l ,, ·.; ~ \.,1J.iL't up:. EJ n .-r :-- 1

c r:- :::-:::-i1.mii;y of intc r .}st i n the: ~'-.:, l t -':' Y, ,; i.n ~i v i : u, l r:-i..::r::-,b c.. r s_ of -i;h1.:: i!ltcrnr'.ti')n'Jl J'!t1:..l y. Bui; ~. t ,:;h . p.-..: s ..,n1, t i : c., t !1J 0r:l y 00tiv.:. ting int;:; r e;:, t o:f" the cor:.r.n.,,.i i t:i in t h .. n.:. .... l ::i ,i .:.n,1. i ,r i 1. .1.'1. l st~.t cs is th. c0ner2l desir1.; t ,, ~-v oi .1 :·-:, · . i"t .:.c-:, ::; ~ ys _:""•r r, r nth'" r unpr0fit2ble to E:nquirc: v. h ... t l1c:r 1:.~ .:i1.up1. ___ 1. .. ~n:l· c h 2 n :::.., shou1 · be t o 1;,statlish I justice ' :ir t " ! ·,i.n - i n · _p, ... --io 1:1 1

; o ut it is c1<.' n t·,,-:, rous to su.ppo_3.a thTl; tr.-. t v: .· p1xc-• ,s .... .: '"\ r • ... t.21: n-tic:- l, ·· n d. th:,t n c-. s~..:crificE: of one or -the:: o t h 0:r. i s r .:,1 t'irc. 1 .

IV. Sunctr~r Su 5i:;e sted Deviuo s

16. Grounds · could . b£: c::;:i.. v e 11, r}i J. :.::~-.1~-... p .... r r.i i "t , f or rh °-·1 1is s i n .; wi--;h no mor·e tbPn ~ :pe.ssi.ng T':! ft.rc.nc , l; h r .. r .... l ~ t~ vc l y si,. pl c , if no.t doctrit'1aire:,, ·contr.ibutiuns t o t h,. \, ,, .:o :n ,, r . .- r k,::l I s u.61;-:.s t .._ 1 solutions of · th~ - prob~eo of pe::-.ce ful <.;h --r, , 1 . N>:. ith, r by 1:::c.nns of a n eq\Jity 't!ibun'3l, no.1· by tm i n-i; _:cw t i ·' n ::- 1 1 ~,:;isLrtui-1.. , n or c ga~n ·by any im£igin;1tlc i□pr cvGl":icmt in tlk f ,·,n:, "'l l to cl1nique s f or the re"."ision of tru£1'ti <:: s c.o <'.:!s "th...: p:.;- r:,o h ;u s,:,~1, li ke l y, in t h ~ prcsel., li phase of history, t o be 13n.lv,.1; ~. '.i.'h..:: r (; is i nd .... £,~ , c- s Du.lle s has put. it, •a str->ng pre sw·.,ption .., ,:•n ns t l -111.., v a.lid ~ t y 0f cny solu.tion· which ~a~os nove;l, •) r r1uic.i: · •r, l ~..,.s~· 1 • 17. Nor wi•ll nor0 th.r:m r-. r.1~ nti 0 11 b-..: r.,· .1 . .:. ·)f th~ :i:,0r: f• irl.: fl bundnnt nat..::ri'll rJn th., poss ib:i.,~ •i p plic·- t~ ·, n r, 1 .. l ·ti c :.,. l '..:1 . 1

1.

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, h · . dE::r t},"t 1 .. -c u t f OY'i!'YO. t ,-; l '. - ·

18 Mo'· t n- c \j nt ly i,b: ·. Dulle s t .1: ~l- ~Y'E: s hould be or :., r.i sed ··· n ,. : e · 1· nn-1· ,~,- of v,ior ld r-;over nme n, ) ,nl<)+ 1· t '// OU.ld St ·=:IIJ ' r • true , ..,s 'l 1-- u o .. D ·,r•c E - , , , ].; i t

i .nte;n;:- -i;i on;: l fe di2 n ti ~n_ 1o_r st~te: s, v1o ul:l me r e l y . undE:~ t .;-:e ,-,c_• u f f · J er •, t i on, f or t he , TI1t;Dlbtl , c l s (l .. ~ tr,c: •" "(E- CU.tlVE: 01 ,_. n _.., 0 -1:cc_, :,-.., , -•n,. ·, ud. :m0:1ts ·, nd l)rOJ?O ~ . - . 1-~- t t·1-,r.. - ·f ,.i l w·e of -- ny m~rnb e r . , , v~• u '- J ~ , - • ' TilClfl t ""(; I •'-' - -- - , • ~

hl- ·h· mor"' l " Ut hor1ty, r~co '--' __, : t ., c l -- '• r r e s uo ns i bill t ·: OE: 1 or e: ' . l d l '"' c ·· upon l - c:: - ' 1::i 1 -t o -10110·,r-,; t hen1 wo u .P - t - . t1' v,·, or : r :nl wl1ic l1 ifi(j lJ (J. Je

mh ' s so-c c, llE'd , ~x o:: CU - I _ ) l - 1 , t he v. orl d '. i l .. · r snn,,liti6 S who rw ul d u 6 r-m c:1!111-:'> . m2de up of , outst'·ndinb pt: . . - l f .,, 0~· hurn '"' n; t v " S ·1 v1bo l 1.;

I - . ... 1· the r,e "'·CC; ·.nd ',1/•_J or-- ,. ·- - ., l e C I p1ed5ed ..,o p pee t:: - .,,. · t. c"l "· r n ~·tio n r-··c c:: o r c •:.:, S ' · t h - 11 " nt" ··e oi -- ny .nr i " ' - •· · · .. , i n <! bove . e .1, v .. •:- t, - "' . -· -;.J c i tu"ti o11 co n :3t ·: :1t l ;...- i_m :• c [ 1 ,: Vl'-:: , would ' kee ~ ~hc: 1 ~1°~~)~0

~ ~1~i;ic n.cy , ;-ny co nd i ti o n s tlt-2 .::: on-or d,or to d1:::t1::c ~, - .. . · :. .-. , 1-,.~ n ec c: :,f th,; ·:rnr l d. '. I t t inu'.' ncc of whi ch m1;) 1t ,~nd:m1-; - I t.:- ~c - - .:o - ti O'1S ~-n d ·:•ou1d v: ould , n nort to tn'° memb1::r s on " n:y s ,.lC:'.1 cc,nu. i :· . 1 1 - t l to '.lronose mec1sur6S wl1icl1 in its jud ,,lik:l.,. _"l(l l'] 'l b·: Ge c u __ '~.: _ , ; r evc nt s uch co nditions ripenin~ j_nt0 1n t ~l~n.:-t. 1on::: l VJ.oL nc e •

19 . -This conct':ption , of t:' k i n ,:. "C ~Olm t , ,:;ome: ~l ,'\ ;·,; , _ of i : he:: r_;ener ::!l welfa r e ' , is the kc ;;no t e " l :; o of tl1•~ c ,·,ns tr;~c ; i yc su,·r E;s tion with which Dunn c oncl 'vl c s hj_ ~ ,3t ud.y . ' ,:, Ill ' 11 unoffici ::i l st c:: ndinc. committe,:, s 1 , he :: - . . : , mi ·ht b e ::_;'._, i ; up i n 0, ch co untry 1 for t11Eo pre lh:in2r :y c onsid1.; r ·· ': :i. o n of :-ir OJ_..J CJ:-..; ~ l s of c:r,-·nt:E:: j_ n the st~i-t;,.1::, quo, . Vii t bout publi c i +, _,r , " nd wj t;h ·:. SJJccic l proce dure 1 r•~; unof ficio l :' n •i i L " rJY:r ' l ·· s po::.s :i_t,l c· 1

c: nd ::-: c tinb 'in n pu:r •j ly c.dvi sor y c :-:p." CJ. r:, 1 - -'; h eY V.' Oul d ' ,_xp l on. t he proposols from 8 11 possible znr l es , inc l udin · t·o t i1 powi:: :r . r ~1-~tionships ;i nd t he ;;enernl we l f 'Gr ~ 1 , ~· nd 1 in ' l(s· r e com1: •t nd ::- t i ons priv::: t 8 l y to their r e spective e; ove rnmc nt :; 1 • Th" ~: \·10 1..1 L ~ lv··· v•~ t ~-i -:: r i :-;ht , t o communic~t e direptly vii th tht: c ommi t t ,.t·S i11 · t hG oth<= r countrivs concerne d,1 and t0 , see k .C. f."Te i::rr: t; nt, i r . r ossib l o , on s omtj common rr;:commendation 1 • The liersonn.:. l of thc.: 21.; c c11~111 i t t •~ -::: should be 'people of s ome eminence in tric:ir c ommw1i t j ,, ,; 1 ,

pn:fer 11b ly not diplomo..tisto by "profo ~_;s ion, r'. n .1 sh ould -10 t bL the h~lde rs of :e..ny public off;l.ce . .. p J. ,.;. n of th i ,; ~ 01 ·t ,1,J :tl d , prov1d ~ 2. n opportunity for inv~sti(;:-:: tion r: nu th1.- c on s_i.:1cr tion of possible solutions i _n o Cfl l-tne r , atmosphL.r•: ·~ h" n tb;:,.t wl1i e; h l'"t',? U~U,'.l l~y.preva iled in su~h-cases in th~· post,, " nc, woul d 1 -r t: ·- t l y f :1cill t ,Jt e the mersh2.ll1ng of support f'or s oluti. ons f . v ou.c~,bll: t o ~he Ge ner ." l we lf'nr~ :-~nd .:: lso thsi u.ni -f~rin - of oppo ;:; i -t;i c'\l:. :;o prOJ tct s th8t threaten the peace, · ·

th 20 • C.-:irr, on the other hnnd l :'.'.y "" str - , ... ·,n t · . - n' l · --. • "' , e process of p020e ful Ch" - . , ...,_ - .- , ·- . - . v • ,

..: mploye:rs a nd em i~ ':",n 8l:: 1n th~ mutu': l 1·.: 1 -· t ; ;_,1:. :: o ~-c ::i n he f.l d - . P- yed. \ih~ther thH : n-~·l o ..: v is .i.'t _.,-. . .. i:

1 '· mns h"rdlv he t tl ·~- · · ' , se - 6 (1 1 E; xcept t. .~r t h -'--.: _ -t;

r

. . .

I - 6 -

1- .3 .p·r." ._,., t ' thiS

' th "' ' i C l" i t i, ' 1 "T. - 0 1:: S ()fr\, co nf idun c u I.:: <- C t " t ..., 1 o~ "r . -

BUt he r ccord ~d~:~~~ ~c which .: ffo r ds -',DY ?ro~P~ hO"d~ v e r irup-r __ '_' ~,

onlyt . ll inisel11Uoe fnt of "n v i nt E. rn " tion ::- 1 procc d1.·nur1· vn'· b ""twec n c.:rnpl o ,,r.; r -

"' s " :: · · t } " hrr ~ t: . , , , ~ n of p~ " c wful olr n ,, t: ' . ,_. n a , i n ·\ hs of th .. p -i i-t 1c s r ---

"nd &mploy ud , th" r ~lrt1vo ~trun ,

,._,var - pr1.::s0nt infl uc nc .... . h . ,.. s of wh:-- t, Dunn c..., lls t. u .

21. In int .: rn --:t ion·' l c01:if....x-;: n ~--- C"' ' s much th t s " mc -~s in

.. . , t "' thl.:! s i tu--: t1.on is , 11c..., .f '· ..., r.:rouo of s t :- t --s

' b:-1r t:.-,1n1nb YP , _ tl th i rd ,y rt, b(;j l.Dt~ · , • -~nd

c ,,ncili," ti on, 7xc t: pt tl1"~: ' _1~ l tii:>ii~it .Y of int ..... r .... s t s .

i ns •· .._ --: d. of --: s tn, ·ll, m" d1 to1 mu . t " u l y n o solut i on is

-,~ . ;S"ill"t.S i s intro duc ~d , I-kn.: ".:"ll1 pr ..... s ~ -- of th " p"rti .:- S c on-

t '- b t,.. o lunt" r Y ~ r e:• m..., 11 " " d · ~rri v__, d "t " xo .... pt -:, ,1 .., v · . · '.· ... t " nd pow.:: rs '"l T O 1.s-

. whic l1 t l· 1.nt" r1,s s • c., r n ,:.; d . T l1L rr,"nn . r i n_ . .. .."' " -- v· 11 h owe v i.: r, h ~v (;: ~

t r ibut8d '"\mo n G t h " p"rt 1c1v.t1.ni:-; ,:., t t~~ :n. i f ' e n o u ·h of the l r- r t-:;Gr

Profo und inf l ue nc t: on t he: out com'-' : 1 1 us 1 t1.· on t-~h, r E: will be · - - t on ,., p"rt :icu -" r so u -

powers e r e 1.n .:!, :ri..!L-t,7 c n . · · ,., 0 : " - lie d to

ov0r whE.l mi11t.; f ore ,.; b .:: hi nd it " 11? ~:~d~s sh~\, _c - .n Th~·Pf ction is still

c ompe l ~c c ,._-pt2nc 0 o f th" rc:: c onir,1o . .; nQt. ~ -- .n , -~ • ..,

r c::;:~rdcd ~s vol unt ":ry ,-, nd the c l1::- n c L: -' P6 c, ... f ul •

v. Pc::-.c vful Ch:,n :;c in t l10 .f\.rs pe~Jiv1..; :->f His t ory

22 . 1rt is' wrok Cruttwc ll, ' only by s tu.dyin;; " nd r e e lizing

how much w,-,s done \ y :::: v 1.:, r , inform~l "-Dd i tnp t:. r fE: ~"':i ~yste m of

c olle ctive ~ction in one continent b a f oru th~ ~~ r th~t it is

possible to forcsl:c wl1, · t rni ;:;ht b ,:. d 0n e i n tli.:. futurs:, b;i· -: L c -:bu e

of N~tions s ccur01 :y ··68 s e d on th" f ound ": ci on s of univ· ,-:. r s:. lity "l nd

i mp~rti~lity . Doubtl8 SS the ~rr ". n ~~ ~nt s n"d ..... w~r ~ of t 0 n bn s e d

r:-:tl1c r on 12 xpt3di e ncy th2n on j1,1stic .::, , -.nd invo l Yc: d t h- e x 1.. rcis;; of

coercion more or l ~ss v e ile d . Y'-' t i t is o ov ious l '-.' ".lr ._, f l, r :-- "b l ..:

th:; t pr0ssur~ 1

if it must c ome , shoul d ·o ._, c oiL Gti~.- --- · r-:- t h., r th" n

indi vidtl.:'.l in its ori :;; in 1 • Th e. rrr1.- " "t Poi. rs , 1:Li. l cc b:.' n o re "" ~ns

;;, disinter1.:;st-= d or imp,".rti .:: l body, · irr.-.d , h'-- s- y s , -~t pr : s _r v in,· the

pt:::::c c of :Curop0 by mo:..thods which w( :r· ... f ·' r f r or:i b =i n ezclusiv...: l y

cynic~l. It Wr'.S clGfl r to him th"t t h e 2()t l1 CL11t ur:i· ] OSS8 SSc d,

ove r the 19th, <' 0r 0c1 t -~dv ::: n t -: ~:0 in rr Yin.· - colL c tiv ~ or .:: -i n­

isntion•which cont:'l ins t h ... ur or-; i s,., of L, i n : conv .: t c d into ._ :_ n

instrume nt of inte rnetion:--.1 · conci li " ti on -,nd r .., visi on !!!ore

pe rma nent, moro irnpr-! rti. ~l, -.no ir: o.:. ... uni v '-- r s" l -ch-n t r," old Con1,; ._,rt

of Europe, • ,

. 23. r. we :1 1rn.·0 ss of t h e o l d Con -::: c rt, vL .. ·:v ..., d ::- s '"! wor kin b s ub -

st1tut£; for .-:n intc rnCT tion-1 h ., ·i s l ""'CU::",.; , 1·, " s t ll" t it did 11ot

c-lwnys •work'. For ,m ..:- f f i ciL,nt c:i.- . .. , n of ins t i tut i o11 ··1

peEioe;ful ohcn i=e the pr.:.:? ctic~ \l':-'.'s not s u.:f f i cic. n t l ~· r l? _ u l :: ri s "- j,

'orsan-i_zed'. ,-,rticlo 15 of tr., \.' c,,· c.11 ·nt ··Je nt , "t l e: Pst on

pa_p~r, ~ - cert~in dist r'. nc .: tow "1·ct:: s·.1:)p l _; in th ... d..::!"c c t . tfot h in..;

preclude'd, in the 8 ppropr1~·t .... c,- :, .... , t l K r ..... c ot~ll'~L ndinc-: , b,v th::

Counoi·l or ~•~Hsembly, of t 0rritor i~.1 or r) tr1...r ,·1 t ~1 clr n ·_s , I t s

Op~rati on .w~s, indl.'.;e d, limit L: d i n s'"' ' ' "l ' l ·•--~,":=•, ""' !1 .5. in - 11•1orld

wh1oh rospected·· the Kcllo f.:t p ;-, 0t , it s 1. ..... '" s "S if r ss i v ...: r e: sis t" nc~

to the rec ommenda tions in qu'"st ion mi _:hi., h ::v0 b0 ,rn off ... r e d wi th

1m.pun1 ty . On this it mny bL r ,:.r-.:~ r k.:. d. t lrt i n '.' wor l d ·.vhi c h

s uffi ciently respoct2d the Xe. llo : p -ic t n'" i th,.. 1-· coll c e t i v ...

saeur~t;Y n or 'pel'oetul ct:--:n _. t. wonl t~, s o :.•- ,r r s :,1..~ c c - k,:..,pin -· ~s

concerned> ., 'be ncEi ded.

24. The ro rt of p 0:: c .... fu l c:.rn.:~ ·,,hi c h , -:; o tiL :n ·.., ·-d::c..: --=-

Czochoslovokia , w~s 1 ni3 r,ot i ·' t Ld ' " t : iu: ich in l .? .5 6 : •. i _-:-r:., i--::

seems > equally h~ve been o:! i'f.:. ct c:. d , _r nd :i..l~ S0::C8 '.'. :: · -: - :: , <::r :--::

~'1nnor, under the provisions of ,.rt1clc. l . :- r.--• n-- : ·: :. · --: ~=-~-- 2

(

- 7 -

l· i U\J t 1, -- h, tn ir. 1, , t ,.1 n .. > ::~::r -=:· 1i· , ,. L • 1 1.:-1 l'- · , t ·t, ;.n·o'~r, in re n t; y . · r :· L',., tn ;. ·, t .). , 1 rit r:,f · 1 - .1:- r ic1 t. J." -

l'\' ti Ol, l L:;::. v•. t.,.; :, fJJ' OC .rl1.J.Y 1,., uf f} _ · r L,l s h ,., n ,_ 1 • ' It ""' ·; wt · n ,., d i 1v ir,, •-X"ripL . ; b uL th_ r · 3ori 1 r;:r tt,.,t r1:- •. Jl 'i lJ . ,Ju..;t · s co l l ~c tiv•. s,.,c uritJ r quir •_ G t o b·- :: urr,ort ,_cl b, · r• ··,:, -~ Jl c:L'n so p-., · CLf ul ch ·· n , L. , i f n ot to l"L. ::hc.r: l'.:in · i; c; n" r, r,f ·oc,rl :iill , m·· y n1. E- d t o b._, .., up port,., d \1y co lh.ctiv _ .;, c1.,;.i.•j t :1 . J 'J'I-, - 1 ~ ,.,:; no doutt h., r.: ·-- n y to who !Y! such ' ·n ol rJ - ·t r:;hiu n,., ,J · 1 p,., ti ., nt u trct ~:·J.s t; ·pp, ·- y d i s h onour·bl, , , 1.:v L: n if iL d id ll.,__ l p t o r,:r .-., :Lrv" p·,· c; ., . Eu t ·•n •10 1.S no t r ~11:-r rvo i d r 1..spon::; H .lli t,/ f 1) :1· t i ,•- ,.,·;. ·pt:~ r_,• or, ., 1 3 11· , by , s i mpJ. ._, \'. ; ::;hin of r · n,l ;; . JJl• 1,on-i.r:: i n,J i . ·n:- t; i m 13 no . ~·1 , c t 1.v,., 3Ub3 Lit ...1.t, ..: f or y ._ .,r, lu'L, .. c. i pl o1 1·r~y . ]'11: !J.,' , j l) ( '•, i.n •;1 hi " r, 1.;q_Ui t:-, r. 1· - n:/ oth,.r nc;bl,~ C'! IJ ::; ,_ 1,1- .1r h· 1/ ,., t o b , ·n ·1i·, _rJ, ,·-: - rr.oi.,r·n v~ r ic: i :y o f d" n"'.-....: l d , viill i n p-•rt J c; JJL: nd on tr11.. 1/'. l ' n r~·- of d'f 1.. ct i v ,., p ow 1... r '".s b·. t v1, ., n i.h ,. ' r:o ll,. c t i vi :, t ' ·•n:J t h .._ ' ..: X')'' nG ionis t' s t --·t,., s . (;iv._n ·t;hL. r -.. qu.i.:J .i.t ,_ :;t · nrl ·· r d 0f -.ihJ3 i c • l , -1nd· ~or~1 , ,rL.:'rTl.- d n l..::;:; , ' lVl tliL w jllin, Tt.'.:lS t0 l,J' }: •. '. rc; , ·if i c . s f or ~. pri nc ipl,; , t l, .J propo: ::·1 :,; nf L. V-., ll th . :. ,o " t cly n·:n1i c; 1 d v :::t·tor ' coul d \i-,v-., b ... s.. n t r ,. :• t "' 0. inoro s t r i c.: tl :/ on 1,h1... Lr , :,. J11., F 1 rr1. i"l ts .

2'1 , Thi s do1., s not how• ;V• . .,Y •-Zh· ·u.:3t th• ., s 1Jb j c e: t . ::, 0 r; ,; r". ' ,Y f c· : l t rn t , i n th,., f:' C L. c,1' t h,. c.li. !'f\. :r,, 1:C L.'.,; of rnotifl.. ~l l ·l o ..ttlo0k ~s "r.ion : t h ,., s t '\ t ,., ::; !:,"' n inv0l v .... ':l. - :- ~nck:r Ln , , 11 tu~ 1 c;onfJd: n -. ,., i rn")os s i \.J l L - it .i.., u::; 1., l 0 .::; , p._, rh:·,ps v1ur :... . t h-- n t..:.: ,_ l ,_ ::;::; , +,o s _t <• upl r:1· .::hi.m,r · to •i , .. :11 wi t h i , p0rt ' ,nt j:; ,; \,.,;:.; of :, r, l i..r;:i ··r,rl tr: · t th :.. y woul d b ,., st L,1,., cJ,_'1 lt v:ith ··~ occ•.:; ion rrL·c::: b :{ · ·11 hoc 'L"' ll r.; n ts . l t i s 'lS kLd v;hL.ths.. r ti,. __ ·,., j;,; : n v ,,r1v · ·nt · · . ., ;; ,:, IJ • . ' ·:... r1- i u:.e ::;.,':.1:li n ,· u p r,1'.:' chine r ,\' to r,e:: us1.;rJ f or ·r,.; 1,- i :::,t,_r in; · ;,<,J.i ;; i c'l 3•.l.L.< .., .. s, . . :; o r V•1 n c d ,, throu,_:h th,; prt;ssw·8 of :·,upL: rio:r r, ov:• : :r . I · it '•!•. r~ lll •.::·c. l / · qui::s tion of :r.q; i ::;t-.: rin,_: , ' · :.. it .~e::CL. : \. .1,<"illl ' '., i c· l l y , r· ; 111 , . .; v1:1ich would in c i th<.: r c:vcnt l ) L: i CJ<: ntic · 1, t h i.~ r, , , .s t i•) n rn i ·n1., ., · _:)o rtinently put. Vlh8thicr e;or 1·._ct.l ,; •JY' r1r, -';, \1c,r! ;.., •r ; Y , tL ·· j voc:- t t.S or ins Li t utioJr li~iccJ proc;,; d 1 1, ·1. : :·•JJT,,: t '.Yt , •n i"t h r ,

sys t em ·tisL:d me thod of rr. ~r ::;h' llin, ·. , r.•1 , v · 1 1.1 · i:;i n · t h-., f or e.,: : for or :-,g3ins t r, propose d ,"YT'·n ,:u 1,,__- n t, th : !'· :,11t .: ·, :01.:l·t ... , ::. th r, ,·:. , thi::y hop(.; , l ess 'di shonour"bh : 1 t h n tl, 11 :; , t, •,._. c.il.' t· i n - u. t ,:• · n :-,cJ hoc pro cr:: dur e f r om which hi h - m i. :rv},_, , n· ·~ 1,r' ls s <Jul rJ. IT! J r c r e.: dily be c;. c; lud1:::d . It is nto:t"<_•,v1- !. , :c·c iu , ,; t r, r r:·ot" n th.., t · n : 00c..,sion for ~ry tnb ye s is, unl •~scc: ·L t t ll :·: ( , ,y 7-- l ity , •-(). '1." l l :: r> n opportunity f or s~1,yinr : no. It j ;:; t " ' l i, htL · ··::., _ .,n:o.::,l -J;h·• t t hos o:: wr10 wo uld ,., ivr:: w.rir·t h': i: b~; l; n t ,. r n,,. ri , c1o"'k o· , r r.:.;tjt ut i() n · l r c s p.:.: c t : b ility to 'thE: r,:unicbs or th. f'L1 t ·n ·, ! dr, .:o ._ .. _ r: ' • 1 ~ ti1-.,: ' \f\l fJUl J ,ri.::;h to se c more , rnthe::r l; h"n i' .,·,c..·c ; uni <:: )::-; . ct 1 ~

, s s 1.i.m0,1,_wi thout V•J:-i rrmt, th:·t th.; r r,J , u t' i,1 1i:: ·i', c:trt ~ i n ~r. :i.ns t1tutJ.J)nr liS(1 d 1 Munich' t<Jould of n.r·., ::;:,j ·;_'. lie. li ni. 0;,__d to E: ndr;r;; i n i~ •. V(~T .J' derrnnd put fo r w.:-- rd ,.,., .i ·t 1, :; 11• 1·t r·i l; n1, (1, tLr 11,in,;it ion by th-; s tron ,~ . It rnr::y o(. ·sur mi s.__<l LiL· 1, 1, ,k 1· ,_··· l •J L.1-·~ t,io r, to t ;·1• r,r opo:;,: l for institution··lis:·tion :-; pri n,.::, tcr,r· ·· ~· r, ~ i1 ,. nl~ l r:k si r e t o k r: ,. p int ,; rn:-:tion·i lsiw unspott t!d t r roJ ;1 t. l :,. v,1,r l •l . ·:.- 1;j on "' l "tn s titutj_ons do h~ ve: to function in :,; n rn•. · ·0rt nf .i. n1, i 1:, ••:·:: •::iti1 L:"1-: t·c t s of lifF.;, It m; 0 d s ·to bt=: ux• il· .. i nc.c l di . ctlnlcm~t ie: 2.· _·,liii s should tl:: 1,:: ft to produce, th0ir 1,;r l rn ,. !'f1. •~· L·· un i;1r lu_ n(~,.t.l r:; · Tl.'' institutionrl miti~~tion.

Vl. 'rl'1e Pr::ictic r. l t, spoct of the: J¼:• tt ·. r

2n ~ Notwithstr.ndin,:_; Lord Loth:L· :n' ,~ .r m'irr.i "(_', fl(; ' O\•U L•. 1 r ', . ,,, ,

th,r,~ 1s 1 in th-.: 1;ccounti; of' W.b " t h' :p;1 . r1• ,, i. 11 l 'J l , , ·. ·· 1H--:} ~-:r ~u,.:,;~s t th.-: t the s t .".t c sm1:::n of 'tb'•t t ir,11; •·:. L·· · l •Yi: -·. ' : ._ :1 ,' r f l"'xi~ili ty .1n tht:ir frr:>.mework of pu .~c :_. . : , .. 1, k .i: ·:· 1, . •i · •· •, r: on this subJect be put down to politic· J ,_. •, , I tc11\ '°'J . L · ·•· .!. ; · :tiinking , thor c h::s, by no·N , b1,e: n so rr -..lCh ~- ;.1 • •,• .tt, :.--..

~:roidr r.cc: on ;• nothar such occos1on coui.J r. i' ~1·. l. , :Y so~._ s ort of oons p1r:1c:r of offici :-. 1 s i L r.,..: . ·,: vniti n0,. bl: ... xp~:oted to pnss unnotL: d by , .!'. . .r.;-•·J: .

I - 8 -

. __ t~" - 1n Tt-..., rt'"• in ..,y . 1. 1.. , • " .....

·:,hile the r e is of c ours ~ n~ 1.,1.., ,. Gov-2 r r.,m.:•n -: •··1

-:--1

... : 2'7 , . ... .... ~ n..-. --0 t12t1ons, .ny . 11, i r in-ccr-

contex~ _ ofdthG c~~!~~ ~h;cDull~s v i ev1 t h:- t iwrf_ sfr:i~~litY'·; :-nj . it" ott:i.tu e , r e _ , 1 - h " TIY s e ns0 Q _ 1 · . · rt ~"

...,tion ".l ::- ff:=iirs ,sE: ek t o , .... oo is ~- .. ,hi ch should be e: li:nin-_ ~ ~ ~h'.:t 'n.:: ver ' •r.nd t f )n,v e r · ~r .3 words\ oss i bility c:-n ~,? ·d~) .., u,_ f r om the vo c 2.bcl£1YY of s tc:. t c sml:. n, . the o~temr.>l'" tin5 p.'." rtici '? t.1on cxo7udcd thc:.t t he Unite d _StP.t c~ , i i:i _~t t .... k! ~p f orm:- llY the i n iome i a ss?ci ~tion of St~t ~ s ' 8 ~ ~ b W~~~ t h e Unite d St~~s s to noi nt me.de , in July~ 'by !fir. ~ell , . it mi ·•ht )-; ,::c om-::;

pr~pcse j oinin,; ~ h~ . s t :11 6xist c ~~t~~~~u~; uporti ~S t h .: r ~ t e: nt ion ne cc.s s~YY for 3r:i.t _i n '-'~ ch~O.!l " , OV<- v,orth movin; its of .... rticl c 19 fo~ w.r1r1, ,. ~ t m:i.~ . ,t -' u~ -~r m"'kinb spe cific pro}i)os~ l s supprs;;:ssion ?. S d1.l ~p1. ds·t c: d c ~m?uf_l t ~ 'full~r use ot othLr ,.rti-:-lc s for ;;i vin b it r eal 1. ty , su..;r.;- ::,·nnb .:i 8 "'dv oc" tj n ,.. some :--.ddi tionc. l

l f e"'eful ch2 n 1.., £' D<..1., • '- · 0 h 1 i·n -..., 5 chonne so P ,.u . · . ·- ~ ...,d ..,nc · or ::; s 8 m,_cns of s c v - o

. ,.._ ther ,.., s "' s1:; r1.ous . . v ~. e ' . rncc~an1.srn , WJ. £ ·_ .... . t -· Pt i V e evt; nt of ~· t new 1(;<' ,-·u,:., t oe inf? t he issue . In "G'r,1.: - 1 . ~rn · e: "' t more de lic2. t c , f or, whi l e l t pl enne ~i the quE: ~t1.o.~ m1. bh~ b ? s of ;.rticle 19 be in;;; t ,::-1ke n ov€: r i s dif11.cult t o : :1.:i.b1.n~tt1:~ !LI~lly h .... rd t o c onceive the new 1 Cov-

. 1 .... s th~·y s "'nd 1 l.::, c: a u~. · · · " thus s1.mp Y " . "' ~-· ' thi . .,. i ,,. 11 on -t.;he point . Brit: 1.n m~.y e na~ i :-.s 1.ncl ~d1~g n o . no decide whe thcc r to dis-c ount t he in a 1.thc r eve n~: ~rbi~1.r~ t:o r ccord it ~ b2r e court~ s y r e co ~nition , ur5e ncy of t he pro "'trm:i.?bu~i ~n to its roan, e ffectiv e tr0s.t ment. or t o off zr some con

28 Th:- t intcrnction.~ l orde r c e.nnot be st-~tic o nd thn t the n::

h ld. bJ "' 1 •-" l or constitution~l m~thod whGr eb y l ~w c ~~_ be

s ou o:: c..; \;.be.. · · t · 1OO K1.n.:r ~d st- d to ch:::n ·-c, s in c ircumst:>ncc. s , · 1.. s ".n -: x :i.om'1 1.c - 1:" · JU ? t.on to which 'i ssc.nt m~.7 b e C".ntic i p2.t cd 2v e n f rom soms;;: who proposi J. . . . ....t • · "' · t,.._ on.., h..., nd ;., ppreciritr; noither its possJ.blE:. :i.rnpl~? ~ ~on-:' on_ :ie. \,; ~ -~ _ n nor its ir.1precision on t he othcr. .1.n P .rt :i.cul r, 1. t ~ c 'l, es op~ . t ::~. que s tion wht:ther, c oliecti v e r .:, ~i st:::.nc "' t o -'.:' bbr e: s s :i. on b ~c om:n~ i ns ti tutiom: lize d the: 2 d.c pt:'\tion of t h-~ st"tus quo shoul J oe l c f ~ to .,:d hoc proce: ss~s, or should be i nsti tution'."lizeJ. "S 111.J ll.

29 . J..ny pro je ot of coll.::ctiv e s c curi t:' pr~ suppo s ,~ s t h c t the 'pecce-lovins' Powc:rs ere to r et~in t he rn:~c,;:,~ s -·r y lJY'3pond.::r~nce of E: ffective strensth, r.nd the constc ncy of purp oS•c! , t ) render nggrc:ssionbj' onE; or more of t h-3 1 dynr:mi c ' S t :: tes . .., ho pe hss c: nterprise . If J,merico. r e lapses into isol-:tionism t!'l.:.. sc h e m-:.

s cc:: ms in :=: ny cr; se only too c E:rta in to bn, "' 1-:: down . ":',i " t:.'t} on tht:; other ha nd f ull .n.rn<:: rio~n be cking, her L: l l o'.'V -vi c t ors c o u l d ";?Orh..., ·9s ~f:ford. to strike 8. liber 8l pose , if only in princ i p l e , on strP. t e;;ic :'!.lly non-e ssentia l points , Th.:: \ ·irtu..: i n h ~vin i; ..-..1~ demonds for ch, n5e remitted to 8n ins t itution~li~e n pr oces s or sifti ng would be tha t t he diplomctic support of t he 1 p 1e· "!C (o -lovint~ ' Gn ;: t Pov,ers mi5ht presum3bly be marsha lle d in r ,as i st'."'11Cc "GO c:11

~xccpt tne most innocuous proposals .

30 . ;, m:.\in obstocle t 'o th·e s'tudy of th'-' ?rinc i pl ~ 01 the in~ti tutiom:lized 'Munich, is , perha;ps, . r: f E:ilt.1re t o f c1rmul ". t c , 1:: nct to f a ce , the pra ctice.l r--.lte:cnatives. Giv e n , howl::v 0r, t h," t t~e=:G is bound to be cha ns c > if only bec2.u ~c: t h o;.• ' i d·.::?El l 1 of. c r1i:;1.dly cryste.llised disp<:;ns~tion--is assurnt::d to b e utor,ir:n, the quts t~on is whf:ther 1 third-pnrty 1 influenc~ should bo l e ft ~loof, r· nd, 1f not, under wh.:: t forms it~ pnrtici ? 1;tion shr:11 b_c pr ovi d1,; d ~or ~ rind whether it must be withheld until t hc r 0 is 1 ~ i:.1i s putc ·110.ic r: is like ly t ·o l e ~d to ~ rupture'. It is c lso for c onsi d• r:·tio n

~he: th'; r . publ~ci ty should alw2.ys be ,thoUtht of .::s tho must ;.io nc ~1:1e7:1~ instrun1~n~ of . pre ssure, . or whether, by ku .::p i n ..; ~onf1dt.::7:ti ,. l the de tailed course , of i:icgotic.tion, t hl, Gove rnr:J€;; m ; ... rom which some co:nc,ession m$-be'e.~ Glicit~d mi5 ht no·t , ,,· 1-- +'t f ne to choose whether its ._concu.rre ncf: sb~ll be pr,,se r.i:~; ,-- -

::t::,e,- lft -ter It Mi l

".nt

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r •

1 r--i

~

t

1

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I - 3 -

publicl y ) '"'S ,- rl i "D l or:ir i;ic succ _s s > -. r:irc n rn:i.. r.:c u s .;_st; 1_..r _, o:c,.. s ubmi s s i on t o fore,_ ~:1 '"' j 2crc.. . Sr:, l one-.: ..., s rrn::'.'." l d S'Jc i c.- i:;y n :rr i n s constitute d ~s i t i s , the fo r m~1 -s s _nt - ton~v~ r obt~ine d - of ~ s ov (.: r Gi t;n St ::·t €. •"'i ll cont i nu \; to fo rm ...,11 i nd is~;:: ns-:-•b l o e lc□c:nt in ~1ny I)YO C~ S S of pG ,..,,c c.. ful (_; hr'.n ~> . The .., t i Should n o doubt b 1..., t o s1.: c;:,U1.· E; th'"' t i t bt- r1...2 li l ;1 f ort hc crn i n -: v1hE: r c c:;r. pedi l: nt, " nd s ~f 1;; l y r ....:f us,_a. wL :. r1.- not c'"' l l 1.J l f or b .'' tt_ ~SS t-nti ~l int i..; r ~3 -c t; i ther of JUStic1;:. o.c of p·~r·c ,:: .

31 . I :f t h ;;!'."•:; j_ s :- t •..; □ -J t " tio n t o ho~):j , or be l i e V(;' , t h '"'t tb..-prob l ....: m of !)\.. °'.C;t.. fUl c h ..., n :-·(;) j1:1s i; bc cr·~Sc- - i t ':ir·s n o . known s olution, m::.y C\ f t -- r :::-.11 bC; l '"' r ,;<.: l :Y " e;him8r'"' , s o ""lt o the n; is '"' convE. r sc i d.e;':; t h-:-.t , si nc1v t ::-1 ,; pro bl 0m vvi d. .... n tl .y c :•·i st s , s ome s oluti on t o it must be dis0ov_,r: bl '3 i. n t h " "' n i . It h ~-3 n0-: y ,_·t t :,c n s o l v-d , end it oo.y b t inc.-; p" bl c: of so l L;.t io n . d\..~ -v -c cd.s ben..::r-: tion cr.n ~-t; l t: 2.st s e:G k to k'-'vP op1..; n th1.., r o"' •:.:. to i -c; s 1., Vc n tu'"' l so l ut i on in c ondi t ions not ye t for~s~ on .

32 • . :.s w0 s o bs 1_ rv~ d t y C . K . ;"' t st ,_ r, .:-' iv._ yc '' r s .::go , the d.emocr::1 tic St ::-; t ...: s 1 shoul d ch .; t 1.:r :-.. in-... -r: J-_--i r r- -c -c i t ui :..; tow~:c 1s pc:C'. ~e f ·o.l Chc; n sl.,; ' E.; V ,.; n if t h~.'' bL; li ..... V o,__; 't l-,'"'t r ~'.lCC-SSfu l is s ue is iI!lposs i bl c 1 •

l:2th P0 brur.: ry > :i. 942 ,

,, ,_, . . . . . . . .

Bollri.ol co: 1.~ .:,:, , 0 )~f o~~a . -