IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN HEALTH SERVICES UNDER A SYSTEM OF HEALTH ACCOUNTS Working Party on International Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Statistics November 7-9, 2011, PARIS
Mar 27, 2015
IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN HEALTH SERVICES UNDER A SYSTEM OF HEALTH ACCOUNTS
Working Party on International Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Statistics
November 7-9, 2011, PARIS
BACKGROUND
Key definition of health expenditure in SHA:– Includes health care goods and services provided to
residents by non-resident providers– Excludes goods and services provided to non-
residents by resident providers
• Past experience – poorly reported, no explicit reporting of services provided to non-residents, insufficient guidelines, data sources
• Growing importance in recent years• Significant for some countries Need to better define, measure and
monitor2
CROSS-BORDER HEALTH CARE IN THE EU
EU Directive• Respect patients’ rights to seek healthcare
abroad while preserving rights for states to manage healthcare systems
• Reimbursed for treatment if entitled to in own country
• Prior authorisation only for ‘hospital’ care • Covers prescription and medical goods (excl. LTC
and organ transplants)• Information on safety, quality and tariffs• Monitoring (flows and financing) - EC
Regulation 1338/20083
OECD TRADE IN HEALTH PROJECT
• 2 year project supported by EU• First phase 2009/2010
– review of concepts and boundaries– links to existing frameworks (BPM6, MSITS, TSA)– country case studies (regulations, sources,
recommendations) – DEU, GRC, HUN, KOR, SVN, USA
• Second phase 2010/2011– Draft framework, definitions, guidelines.– Workshop and feasibility testing– Final report
• Parallel with SHA Revision (Chapter 12 on Int. Trade)
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BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Balance of Payments (BPM6/SNA08) as basis:
• Economic territory – national, supra-national, sub-national
• Residence and non-residence – households and providers - Residence vs. covered population
• Valuation– Consistent with SHA basic concepts (Follow SNA)– Exporting vs. importing countries valuation (in kind)
• Timing– Accrual basis– Reporting delays
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EXISTING CLASSIFICATIONS AND LINKS
• Mode of supply of trade in services (WTO/GATS)– (1) Cross-border supply , (2) consumption abroad, (3)
commercial presence (outside SHA), (4) foreign persons (partial SHA)
• MSITS/EBOPs classification:– International statistics responding to BoP and GATS– ‘Health-related travel’ and ‘Health services’ close to
SHA definitions
• Tourist Statistics/TSA– Consumption of visitors with ‘health/medical’ purpose– Provides some common concepts and definitions/
sources
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HEALTH SERVICES UNDER EBOPS 2010
4 Travel• 4.2 Personal• 4.2.1 Health-related• 4.2.2 Education-related• 4.2.3 Other• 11 Personal, cultural and recreational services• 11.2 Other personal, cultural and recreational
services• 11.2.1 Health servicesAlternative EBOPS groupings8 Health services = health services in travel + health services in
personal, cultural and recreational services
Plus: Other direct insuranceBusiness servicesOther personal, cultural and recreational services n.i.e.
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SHA CONCEPT OF TRADE
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Health careprovider in Country A
Resident in Country A
Health care provider in Country B
Import for ‘final use’ b y resident
Import for ‘ intermediate use’ by
resident provider
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS UNDER SHA
Health care goods and services classified according to health care functions
• Personal health care :– Medical goods
• internet pharmacies, mail order
– Tele-medicine, e-health, etc– Patient mobility : planned, unplanned care
(tourists, students, workers, etc)– Health professionals abroad
• Collective care :– Health care insurance– Outsourcing of governance, administration, etc
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BORDERLINE ISSUES
• Cosmetic surgery – for aesthetic purposes
• Well-being/Spas – health-related item• Illegal / unethical treatments• Transport and travel costs –
accompanying persons/agency costs• ‘Health-y’ goods• Health professionals (temporary)
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GUIDELINES FOR ESTIMATING TRADE
• Current reporting limited but improving• Common sources with BoP/SNA/TSA –
detail/ adjustments needed• Improvement of measurement of mutual
benefit• Inventory of current/potential sources• Weigh up investment in resources / new
sources with perceived value of trade in health
• Review in light of national and international obligations
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DATA SOURCES
• Business surveys - administrative/ad hoc• Government administrative data –
budgetary, social security funds, liaison offices
• Private insurance records• Household and tourist surveys• Associations and other bodies – insurance,
NGOs• Other sources - mirror statistics, non-
financial data, modelling.• Other BoP data sources – ITS, ITRS, etc
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REPORTING AND SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES
• Imports included - cross-classified by Function and Financing– non-resident providers of health goods and services
(HP.9)
• Supplementary tables– ‘Imports’ (HC.I.1-7) broken down by Financing scheme
(HF)– ‘Exports’ (HC.E.1-7) broken down by resident provider
• Memorandum items– TCAM, Spa/well-being (non-health), Non-health, etc
• Other country specific breakdowns– Mode of supply, trading partners, population groups,
patient numbers, etc
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SHA 2011: CHAPTER 12
• Background and Policy Relevance
• Basic concepts and definitions
• Classifications of trade (in health) and links to other statistical systems
• Imports and exports under SHA
• Data sources and Guidelines
• Reporting and Supplementary tables
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CURRENT REPORTING: IMPORTS
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1. Refers to balance-of-payments concept of health-related travel.
Source: OECD Health Data 2011 and OECD-Eurostat Trade in Services Database.
DenmarkIreland ¹Poland
Greece ¹
Sw eden
United Kingdom ¹United States ¹
Norw ayEstoniaFrance ¹
SloveniaMexico ¹
Canada ¹Czech RepublicSlovak Republic
AustriaKorea
Turkey ¹Hungary
LuxembourgIcelandPortugal
NetherlandsBelgium ¹Germany
Italy ¹
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.24
0.30
0.44
0.47
0.59
0.89
1.02
1.11
0.00.51.01.52.0% of total health expenditure
9.49
13.0
8.4
-14.0
-4.0
3.0
-5.4
-10.0
-4.4
23.6
2.0
58.1
-6.4
19.7
4.6
13.2
6.2
48.6
1.0
40.0
23.5
7.3
-3.9
1.7
5.5
12.2
-6.8
-20 0 20 40 60 80Annual grow th rate (%)
2009 2004-2009
CURRENT REPORTING: EXPORTS
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Source: OECD-Eurostat Trade in Services Database.
United KingdomNew Zealand
AustriaIceland
FranceKoreaIsrael
United StatesItaly
Canada
TurkeyBelgiumEstoniaMexico
SloveniaGreece
Luxembourg
Czech RepublicHungaryPoland
Note: Health-related travel exports occur w hen domestic providers supply medical services to non-residents travelling for medical reasons.
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.20
0.48
0.67
0.84
0.98
1.15
1.62
2.08
3.58
01234% of total health expenditure
-6.0
5.7
-1.7
2.4
5.2
0.7
6.9
-5.2
8.9
0.6
-7.7
-13.5
-1.3
9.9
-2.0
3.5
35.7
41.9
-3.6
27.8
-20 0 20 40 60Annual growth rate (%)
2009 2004-2009
For further information:
www.oecd.org/health/sha
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