I Map Matters...about 2000 hydrographic practitioners in 70 countries and 300 corporate members (operative hydrographic organisations). Navy Officer Cmdr Hornsby is known for his energy

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Map Matters

Issue 1

Issue 23 January 2014

Inside this issue

Contents News ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

AOTM has new Chair ............................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Rupert Gerritsen RON The Dieppe Maps Seminar

Óc Eo, or Cattigara? 2014 Exhibition "Australian Encounters! Charting a Continent‟ Flinders 2014 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 A window on Australia ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

AOTM Division Monthly Meetings................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Members welcome .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Contacts ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

How to contact the AOTM Division ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11

Welcome to the Summer 2013-14 edition of Map Matters, the newsletter of the Australia on the Map Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society.

Dear Readers, This issue is late for many reasons, seasonal holidays is one, computer problems (and getting a replacement) is another, but the main one is that we have lost our most prolific contributor and inspirational source, AOTM Chair Rupert Gerritsen. As many of you may know, Rupert died in November after a short illness. Some of you may have attended his funeral which I missed because I was visiting Western Australia to attend a conference, visit family and attend some events at the Duyfken.

I hope you will find this edition of Map Matters is living up to your expectations, in spite of the absence of articles from Rupert’s hand. We have, fortunately, a few other prolific and very knowledgeable members, and I thank them for their valuable contributions. Please note that we are always open to material from new contributors. If you have any contributions or suggestions for Map Matters, you can email them to me at: [email protected], or post them to me at: PO Box 1696, Tuggeranong, ACT 2901 Marianne Pietersen Editor

News

AOTM has new Chair: Paul Hornsby RAN.

At our meeting on 6 December 2013 the 'Australia on the Map' Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society elected a new Chair. Let me introduce Paul Hornsby, perhaps useful for some of our more recent AOTM members. His is a most recognised name in the AHS, as he was its President from 1999 to 2009, after which he was posted overseas for some time. It was Paul's committee, which recognised that the focus on the maritime contact history of Australia of ''AOTM 1606-2006'' was actually about the Australian history of Hydrography. AHS then successfully invited AOTM to become part of AHS in 2007. A cultural aspect that connects with the wider community was thereby added to the AHS, until then basically a technical organisation. Paul was also the first President of the International Federation of Hydrographic Societies. The IFHS represents

about 2000 hydrographic practitioners in 70 countries and 300 corporate members (operative hydrographic organisations). Navy Officer Cmdr Hornsby is known for his energy and can-do attitude. We feel Paul will fit well into AOTM as few of us active members are Hydrographers and neither is he. The interest in the field and the awareness of its importance however, are intense. We are impressed with Paul's experience, count ourselves lucky to have him as our chair and we are confident he will help hold AOTM together and steer it to new achievements. Welcome aboard. Peter Reynders

Rupert Gerritsen R.O.N, 1953-2013

Rupert was born in 1953 in Geraldton, WA, where he also grew up. He was the youngest in a family of Dutch migrants. Rupert spent his university years in radical student politics, including seriously agitating against the Vietnam War. He overcame this somewhat anti-establishment start in life and became a respected professional in community mental health and youth work in WA and, later in the ACT. He worked here as a manager of the Mental Health Foundation in Canberra for approximately fifteen years, until he retired about two years before his death. Rupert was what is often called a “renaissance man”, he was multi-talented and interested in many disciplines. At university he studied a bit of this and a bit of that, and became knowledgeable in many disciplines, both in sciences and humanities, but he confessed he never graduated. Growing up on the WA Batavia Coast, combined with his Dutch ancestry, Rupert was intrigued by the history of the mostly Dutch shipwrecks and the stories about survivors, so eventually he started researching them. In doing so he became an authority on Australia’s European maritime contact history from 1606 until the early years of British colonisation. He also researched indigenous Australian prehistory and published a number of books and many papers in these and related fields. He further published many short popularised stories about various seventeenth-century maritime events on the coast of New Holland involving Dutch ships. Rupert was a Petherick Reader in the National Library of Australia, spending much of his time there pursuing his research. He enjoyed the respect of library staff and other researchers.

Rupert Gerritsen on his 60th birthday, April 2013

In 2002 Rupert, together with Peter Reynders, co-founded an organisation called “Australia on the Map 1606-2006” (AOTM), to promote the organisation of events that commemorate the first recorded European contact with Australia in 1606. This first contact took place at Cape York when a Dutch ship, the Duyfken, landed near present day Mapoon, Qld. AOTM’s goal was to have Australia’s early recorded history better known. Rupert was extremely successful in his role as Secretary of the National Steering Committee of AOTM.

He helped set up AOTM committees in all states and territories to prepare for the 2006 commemorations. Over 150 events took place around the nation. The culmination was a commemorative voyage along the West, South and East coasts of Australia and Tasmania by a Fremantle-built replica of the Duyfken, the original of which, under VOC Captain Willem Janszoon, made the first known sighting of, and landing in Australia by Europeans.

In 2007, as a result of his efforts, Rupert was appointed a Knight in the Netherlands’ Order of Orange-Nassau for his services to Dutch-Australian relations. After 2006, the Australasian Hydrographic Society invited AOTM to become its history and heritage division. Rupert took on the role of Chair of this division, which he remained till his death. In this function he continued to help organise further commemorative events all over Australia. One of these was a full day symposium at the National Library of Australia in 2011, on the occasion of the bicentenary of publication of the Freycinet map. This is the first published full map showing the complete Australian coast. Rupert succeeded in helping bring the only living descendant of the De Freycinet family to Australia to present a paper at the symposium. In 2012 Rupert won the Australian & New Zealand Map Society Dorothy Prescott prize for best paper at their conference in Brisbane, for a presentation later published in The Globe as “Getting the Strait Facts Straight”. Over the year before his death Rupert was working on a paper about a previously unrecognised voyage to Australia in 1659, by the Dutch ship the Immenhorn, and on a book covering details of all the early European voyages to Australia. His last month in hospital, he was still editing a translation from French of a Mauritian book on the early history of Mauritius and the VOC. He was able to complete this edit to his satisfaction. Rupert Gerritsen passed away on 3 November 2013 in Canberra. We do miss him.

Marianne Pietersen

A listing of publications by Rupert is available on his website,

http://rupertgerritsen.tripod.com

The Dieppe Maps Seminar, National Library of Australia,

10 November 2013

On 10 November 2013 the National Library of Australia held a ‘Discovery Day’, a program of lectures and presentations on the development of their exhibition of maps entitled ‘Australia on the Map: Terra Australis to Australia’ and on a selection of the exhibited maps. The last session of the day was set aside for a seminar on the mid sixteenth century Dieppe maps or, more to the point, on the nature of Java la Grande, the continental land mass that is depicted on them South of Java. Two of the most famous of them are on show: the atlas of Jean Rotz (often called the Boke of Idrography) dated 1542, and the anonymous Harleian mappemonde made c. 1547, both from the collection of the British Library.

The Library invited five speakers each to speak for fifteen minutes. Three of the

speakers were probably already well-known to the audience through their contributions to the literature on the subject---Peter Trickett, author of a book entitled Beyond Capricorn: how Portuguese adventurers discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook (2007); W.A.R. (Bill) Richardson, author of a book Was Australia charted before 1606? the Jave la Grande inscriptions (2006) and numerous journal articles on the subject; and Robert J. King, author of several journal articles on the subject. The two other speakers were: John Molony, emeritus professor of Australian History at the Australian National University and leader of the East Coast Project set up by the Emeritus Faculty to inquire into European contact with the East coast in the period up to and including 1770; and Allen Mawer, author of a book Incognita: the invention and discovery of Terra Australis, which was due to be published the very next day.

For the benefit of readers coming late to this subject, the Dieppe maps of interest here are the group of a dozen or so manuscript mappemondes (world maps) and atlases that show Java la Grande. The location of this land mass and, to some extent, the shape of its coastlines have led many to believe that it is a depiction of Australia. In that case, they deduced, Australia must have been discovered by European mariners (probably Portuguese) in the early sixteenth century, long before the earliest recorded European sighting of it— the sighting of the western side of the Cape York Peninsula by Willem Janszoon in the Duyfken in 1606. However, its un-Australian features have led others to believe that its coastlines either belong to already-discovered lands or are wholly imaginary.

Double hemisphere world map in the atlas of Jean Rotz, 1542 Original in the British Library, London

What follows is an account of one listener's understanding of the essence of the

arguments presented on the day, in the order of the speaker’s appearance. It is not intended to be a critical evaluation of any of them.

Peter Trickett claimed that Java la Grande on the Dieppe maps is a depiction of

Australia and that Australia was discovered in the early sixteenth century by a fleet of four ships led by Cristóvão de Mendonça on two separate expeditions from Malacca, one South along Australia's West coast and another eastward through Torres Strait and South along the East coast. He told the audience of his receipt of new information that the commander of the second ship of the fleet was a French pilot named Pedro Eanes Frances whose participation, in his opinion, explains the presence of French language place names on Java la Grande in the Vallard atlas (1547). Trickett claimed that the western coastline of Java la Grande depicts Australia’s West coast from about Darwin South to Cape Leeuwin, and that the eastern coastline depicts Australia’s East and South-East coasts from north Queensland to Kangaroo Island. His case relied partly on his improving the visual resemblance of Java la Grande to Australia, achieved by rotating parts of both coastlines (i.e. much of the western coastline and the great eastern promontory), partly on asserting that particular features of Java la Grande correspond with particular Australian landmarks, and partly on a claim that its place names ‘very often turn out to be highly descriptive of the actual places they denote.’ He accounted for the absence of most of the Pilbara coast (from Broome to Barrow Island) from Java la Grande with the speculation that, ‘Maybe the expedition didn’t chart this coast at all or maybe the chart was so featureless the Vallard cartographer discarded it.’ His only example of a name on the Dieppe maps being descriptive of an Australian place is even more speculative: he associated the feature named bassa Roqua and Abrolho in the Dieppe maps with the Houtman Abrolhos off Geraldton, and deduced that their discoverer Frederick de Houtman (1619) called them abrolhos ‘because he’d already seen a Portuguese chart with Abrolhos marked on it.’

John Molony argued only that, whatever Java la Grande might be, the nomenclature

of the eastern coastline of Java la Grande indicates that it is a real coastline and one that must have been drawn from a Portuguese source. He identified nine places, all in the Vallard atlas, that are named after saints that were revered by the Portuguese at home and especially by the Portuguese in their possessions in India and in the East Indies. He drew

attention to these names and their saints: Rio S fransois (Francis of Assisi); S nicollas (St Nicholas of Bari); Rio andria (St Andrew brother of Peter); Rio S: thomer (St Thomas the Apostle); Rio S caterine (St Catherine of Alexandria); Rio S ambrozio (St Ambrose); Rio S Iacque (St James brother of John); P S: antonio (St Anthony of Padua); Rio anna (Anne grandmother of the Christ). In his opinion, ‘No Portuguese mariner would have used the names of saints indiscriminately. To have done so on a chart they knew to be erroneous much less a false one would deny their highest traditions and verge on desecration.’

Bill Richardson's presentation dealt only with the East coast of Java la Grande,

perhaps because of the time limit. In his opinion the eastern coastline of Java la Grande is a grossly distorted representation (a sketch map) of the coast of Indo-China and of islands in the South China Sea. The starting point of his argument was that Java la Grande's great eastern promontory does not correspond with any feature of Australia's coast but it is, in his opinion, ‘remarkably similar’ to the delta of the Mekong River, now part of Vietnam. He pointed to two groups of islands drawn East of Java la Grande in the South-West Pacific, one bearing the names Magna (and manna) and Sal (and saill, sel, sell) which he identified with the Con Son Islands off the East coast of the Mekong Delta, and the other group having the name Aliofer (and aljofar, aljofer, doalfer) with Hainan Island in China. He argued that this latter identification is bolstered by the same name Hainan (in a corrupted spelling) being inscribed next to an island at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. Richardson’s arguments were often defensive. He complained for instance that Australia-advocates have indulged in ’speculative alteration of both coastal outlines,’ although his own identifications depend on rather more extensive speculative alterations to coastlines, to the sizes and locations of islands, and to place names.

Anonymous Harleian mappemonde c.1547. Original in the British Library

Robert King, alone among the speakers, folded his arguments and non-map

evidence into a brochure that the audience could pick up at the door. His presentation was focused on images of the relevant maps. He argued that the resemblance of Java la Grande to Australia is superficial and that ‘Jave la Grande can be accounted for by developments in cosmographic theory without the necessity of positing unrecorded voyages of discovery by Portuguese or other early 16th century voyagers.’ In other words Java la Grande is imaginary. He traced Java la Grande to a mistake in the 1532 edition of Marco Polo's Travels, a mistake that caused Locach (Cambodia) and Java Minor (Sumatra) to be displaced to the South of Java. The mistake was seemingly validated by the account of the Italian traveller Ludovico di Varthema, who visited the East Indies in 1505 and reported having been told of a great land far to the South of Java. King speculated that the cartographers of Dieppe could also have identified Regio Patalis, a continental sized promontory of a fictitious antarctic continent invented by Johann Schöner for his globe gores of 1523/24, with Ludovico's southern land through the confusion of patalis, an adjectival form of the Latin verb patere (to extend), with patalis, a genetival form of Patala, the name of an ancient city on the delta of the Indus River. King believes that the cartographers of Dieppe transformed this earlier Regio Patalis into Java la Grande. His speculation seems to rely on just two items of evidence : one is simply that Regio Patalis is

a promontory of an imaginary antarctic continent just as Java la Grande is on some, but not all, of the Dieppe maps; and the other is that the word patallis (sic) is inscribed on the far southwestern corner of terra Iaua (Java la Grande) in the Vallard atlas. King remarked that the presence of the second item, ‘indicates to me at least that this mapmaker was conscious that his Terra Java was actually derived from Regio Patalis.’

Allen Mawer also stated his belief that Java la Grande is imaginary but offered what

he described as ‘an alternative hypothesis, namely that they [the maps] are the initially sound record of the documented but dubious voyage.’ By that he meant that the origin of Java la Grande is to be found in the texts of Jean Alfonse, also known as Jean Fonteneau de Saintonge, author of Les voyages avantureaux (first published in 1559 but believed to have been written two decades earlier) and La cosmographie (a manuscript completed in 1544 but not published until 1904), in which Alfonse claimed to have visited Java la Grande. Mawer argued that an account by Alfonse was the source of ‘the first known Dieppe map drawn by Frenchman Jean Mallard (1538-39)’ and that some of the later Dieppe cartographers amended the Northwestern corner of Java la Grande by adding a channel or strait between the island of Java and the continental Java la Grande to let Magellan's ship Victoria head home South of Java. He offered as evidence Johann Schöner’s globe gores of 1523/24 that show the ship’s track running along a strait between the southern side of an unnamed island and an adjacent large island named Java. Indeed a track north of Java is the only one possible in Mallard's sketch map. The other evidence offered in support of the imaginary nature of Java la Grande was the testimony of Guillaume Le Testu, another Dieppe cartographer, author of an atlas of 1556. Mawer described his frequent statements that La Terre Australle (the southern land) was drawn from imagination as ‘probably the most dramatic disclaimer of the age of discovery.’

Composite of three charts showing 'Terra Java' (Java la Grande) in the atlas of Nicollas Vallard, 1547. Original in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

There was no summing up to help the audience understand what had just been heard. Perhaps most of the audience departed bemused by the experience. Bearing in mind the time limit several speakers urged the audience to read their published work on the subject and to look out for future publications. A reading list of recent publications is appended here. The Dieppe Maps Seminar is now available as podcast on the website of the National Library of Australia http://www.nla.gov.au/podcasts/exhibitions.html under the heading Mapping Our World - Discovery Day.

What seemed remarkable to this listener, is not so much the beliefs of the speakers but the objectives of their researches. The objective of three of the speakers (Trickett, Molony, and Richardson) was to identify the coastlines of Java la Grande. That of the remaining two speakers (King and Mawer) was to understand Java la Grande by examining the cosmographical (i.e. historical) context of the Dieppe maps. Curiously, the speakers in the first group seemed to be uninterested in cosmography and the speakers in the second group seemed to be uninterested in the source of the coastlines that the cartographers of Dieppe used to delineate Java la Grande. There seems to be no reason at this stage to assume that either approach, alone, can solve the mystery of Java la Grande. Andrew Eliason

Selected Reading

Eliason, Andrew (2010). ‘Place name evidence for eastern Sumatra in western Java la Grande,’ in The Globe,

no. 66 (2010), pp. 1-26

— (2012). ‘The meaning and identity of Ille Nege on the western coastline of Java la Grande in the atlas of

Jean Rotz, 1542,’ in The Globe, no. 70 (2012), pp. 19-29

— (2009). ‘The Jagiellonian Globe: a key to the puzzle of Jave la Grande,’ in The Globe, no. 62 (2009), pp. 1-

50

— (2011). ‘Regio Patalis: Australia on the map in 1531? (Early South Sea voyages or merely cartographic

evolution),’ in The Portolan, no. 82 (Winter 2011), pp. 8-17

— (2013). ‘Havre de Sylla on Jave la Grande,’ in Terrae Incognitae, vol. 45, no. 1 (April 2013), pp. 30-31

Mawer, G. A. (2013). Incognita: the invention and discovery of Terra Australis. Australian Scholarly Publishing: North Melbourne

Trickett, Peter (2007). Beyond Capricorn: how Portuguese adventurers secretly discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook, East Street Publications: Adelaide

Richardson, W.A.R. (Bill) (2006). Was Australia charted before 1606? the Jave la Grande inscriptions, National Library of Australia: Canberra

Óc Eo, or Cattigara?

Driving over the flat landscape of endless paddy fields from Long Xuyen, the capital the Mekong delta province of An Giang, Vietnam, one suddenly comes upon Mount Ba Thê rising with startling steepness high over the town of Óc Eo. The mountain and the fields surrounding the town have yielded a treasure trove of finds to archaeologists since the 1940s. Louis Malleret of the École Française de l'Extrême Orient, alerted by finds of gold and other ancient objects by the people of Óc Eo, commenced excavations under extremely difficult wartime conditions in 1942. The war soon forced an end to his field work, but he wrote up his findings in four volumes published in Paris, 1959-1963.

Oc Eo Culture Archeology Museum, Ba The

War prevented any further field work until 1975, but since then Vietnamese, and more recently foreign, archaeologists have undertaken extensive field work in the area. Their findings have shed light on the first Indianized civilization of Southeast Asia, known by its ancient Chinese name of Funan. Its indigenous name is not known, but ancient Indian literature referred to the region as Suvarnabhumi, the Land of Gold. Some inscriptions in Sanskrit on stone and gold have been recovered, but none from this period in the indigenous language, which was probably Khmer. Óc Eo is a Vietnamized form of the Khmer, Or Gaio, the Crystal Canal. Archaeological work across southern Vietnam and Cambodia has revealed numerous remains and relics of the Funan period, but it is clear that Óc Eo was the main commercial centre and port. Óc Eo was much closer to the Gulf of Thailand at that time, Mount Ba Thê was perhaps an island, but siltation of the Mekong delta has resulted in it now being about 30 kilometres from the coast at Hà Tiên. Field work is continuing on the ancient citadel of Óc Eo, but finds since the 1940s have already revealed evidence of a seaborne trade westward with India, Persia and as far as the Roman Empire. Chinese annals record ships entering the Mekong delta from the north and sailing across it to Funan.

Cattigara in the Sinus Magnus, Ptolemy’s Geographia The only record of contact with Funan in Graeco-Roman literature is possibly Claudius Ptolemy's account of a voyage by a certain merchant, Alexander, to a port called Cattigara situated at the confines of the known world on a large river in a marshy land on the eastern

shore of the Magnus Sinus (Great Gulf – the Gulf of Siam).

After Ptolemy's Geography was recovered and published in Latin translation in 15th century Europe, Cattigara served as a beacon for the navigators of the Age of Discovery. Columbus, Vespucci, Magellan and other heroes of this age all sought it. In vain, for the Mekong delta ceased to be a major centre of international trade after the fourth century.

Roman Oil Lamp Found at Oc Eo Robert King with Archeologists at Oc Eo

Cattigara ended up on 16th century maps in locations as widely separated as Peru, Northeast Asia and the Terra Australis. The Portuguese historian of the Indies, João de Barros, expressed the conclusion reached by his countrymen regarding Ptolemy's Cattigara, that it was "rather something imagined as a celestial point for mathematical computation than truly for its situation on the terrestrial globe, since we see that our ships sail beyond this Cattigara and the coast of Asia, which he imagines or believes to be there". But the findings of the archaeologists at Óc Eo and related sites have revealed that there was a core of truth to Ptolemy's Cattigara. And who knows what remains to be revealed as their work progresses?

Robert J. King

2014 Exhibition „Australian Encounters! Charting a Continent‟ at

the Captain Cook Memorial Museum, Whitby, N Yorkshire, UK

From the CCMM Supporters Newsletter

A special exhibition for 2014 focuses on Australia, a large subject, but a timely one too, as 2014 marks the bicentenary of the death of Matthew Flinders, together with the publication of his chart of the whole continent in his Voyage to Terra Australis. Flinders had been trained by William Bligh, who in turn had learnt much of his cartography from Cook during the Third Voyage. The exhibition will cover not only Cook and the Endeavour voyage up the unknown east coast, but will put this in the context of the founding of the colony at Sydney and the continued exploration of the continent’s coastline by what has sometimes been called the Cook school of navigators. Exhibits include a portable writing desk made by a convict from wood near Botany Bay on the orders of Ferdinand Bauer, the official artist on Flinders’ circumnavigation, loaned by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, together with early Aboriginal artefacts and examples of the birds and animals which so astonished and intrigued the travellers. Submitted by Trevor Lipscombe

Flinders 2014

The year 2014 marks the 200th anniversary of the publication of Matthew Flinders’ map, General Chart of Terra Australis, and his book Voyage to Terra Australis, as well as his untimely death. In an effort to inform you of commemorative activities I searched the internet. The Mapping Our World exhibition at the NLA in Canberra was in part conceived to

commemorate Flinders. The associated seminar titled The 1814 Flinders Map Bicentenary was on Tuesday, 18 February, 2014. A poster of Matthew Flinders' General Chart of Terra Australis has been developed for the Australian Map History Network of thirteen maritime organisations, including AOTM. Some thousand of hard copies of this poster have been provided to Australian History and Geography teachers. The Matthew Flinders Society (MFS) are planning a trip around Sydney visiting Flinders memorials. NSW State Library has a number of rare Flinders items and there will be a small event of some sort in 2014. The Hakluyt Society intends to publish and launch a copy of Flinders original journal on November 17, 2014, to be accompanied by a lecture. Flinders University is establishing a Flinders Memorial Garden and setting up a scholarly website. The Matthew Flinders Society website is expected to list all events, but to date this website seems to still be under construction.

Monuments to Flinders

Matthew Flinders, navigator, cartographer and scientist was also the biographer of a cat called Trim. Flinders was buried at what was then St James’s Chapel, Hampstead Road, which now lies beneath Euston Station (London), something little known in the UK.

A maquette of the Mathew Flinders statue by sculptor Mark Richards to be installed at London’s Euston Station, (Valentine Low, London Times, 5/8/13)

At the instigation of his descendants a statue of Flinders and his cat is finally to be erected at Euston on the 200th anniversary of his death in 2014. A monument to Flinders was erected in 1942 in the centre of Mauritius where he spent much of his six and a half years in captivity. Marianne Pietersen

A window on Australia

Here is another photo taken in November 2012 at the State Library of South Australia. This map ‘Hemisphere Oriental’, was photographed behind glass. It features French names such as Mer du Sud for the Pacific Ocean and Mer des Indes for the Indian Ocean. It also features ‘Terres Australes ou Antarctiques’ as designation for the Antarctic region. Tasmania is ‘Terre de Diemen’ and is shown as attached to ‘Nouvelle Hollande’, as Australia is still labelled in this map. The area beyond the polar circle is marked as ‘Soupçonnees’, ie suspected. The authors of this map are listed as French geographers Guillaume De L’Isle and Phillipe Buache. The map was created in Paris for the French king and mentions it relied also on data from Captain Cook. It is dated 1782, which means it must have been added to and published by others, given its creators died in 1726 and 1773 respectively. Perhaps this was done by the Dutch cartographer Jan Barend Elwe who is known to have reissued maps by Delisle in the late 18th-century.

Hemisphere Oriental at the S.A. State Library

Marianne Pietersen

AOTM Division Monthly Meetings

Members welcome

Meetings of the Australia on the Map Division Council are open to all AOTM members who can and would like to attend. Meetings are held on the first Thursday of the month, at 2.00pm in the Brindabella Room on the 4th floor of the National Library of Australia in Canberra.

Contacts

How to contact the AOTM Division

more information at the AOTM website, www.australia onthemap.org.au

Australia on the Map Division, Australasian Hydrographic Society

Chair: Paul Hornsby, [email protected]

Secretary: Peter Reynders, [email protected] Map Matters Editor: Marianne Pietersen, [email protected]

©2014 Australia on the Map Division, Australasian Hydrographic Society.