I International Workshop RFID and IoT - Dia 20 - New Types of RFID Tags and Readers - Dr. Chris Diorio - Impinj

© 2010 1 | © 2013

Advances in UHF RFID June 2013

© 2010 2 | © 2013

2004: UHF Gen2 Ratified • Two readers using DRM

– Transmitting simultaneously – Inventorying simultaneously

• Tags moving fast

• Readers rejecting interference

• No missed tags or ghost reads

Wind

Tunnel

Presented at 2005 EPCglobal

US Conference

© 2010 3 | © 2013

2005: Walmart Pallet Tests Proved Gen2 • Speedway™ prototype on either

side of dock door

• AD-620 (Triflex™) tags on each of 40 boxes of Caress® soap

• Multiple interfering readers transmitting simultaneously

© 2010 4 | © 2013

2006: Impinj Introduces Near-Field UHF • UHF Gen2 works both near & far, on all types of items

– Allows a single infrastructure for pallets, cases, and items – The only frequency with this property

• Far field: 30cm to 15m range

• Near field: 0 to 60cm range – Reads on liquids and metals – The only difference is the antennas

© 2010 5 | © 2013

2007: UHF Gen2 Beat HF for Pharma • UHF outperformed HF at NACDS • UHF reliably wrote & read bottles at

2× speed of fastest pharma line • Impinj deploys UHF Gen2 on Purdue

Pharma production line

© 2010 6 | © 2013

2008: Gen2 Enhanced for Item Tagging • New Gen2 V1.2.0 adds UM indicator, XPC, BPL, and

recommissioning specifically for item tagging

• Impinj develops item solution for Metro Galeria Kaufhof

– 30,000 tagged items on the sales floor

© 2010 7 | © 2013

2009: Enabled Myriad Products • Hand-Held Readers

• Fixed Readers

• Cards & Modules

© 2010 8 | © 2013

But the Tag Volumes Went Nowhere…

500

1000

1500

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2000

2005 2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

100 250 300 350 400

Volu

me

(MU

)

3500

3000

2012 2013

End customers were piloting but not yet

deploying

© 2010 9 | © 2013

2010: Walmart Rolls-Out Apparel Tagging

© 2010 10 | © 2013

2011: Coke Rolls-Out Embedded RFID

© 2010 11 | © 2013

2012: STP Breaks Encoding Barrier • Platform for high-performance encoding & verification • Delivers highest encoding quality & reliability • Leverages Monza performance & capabilities • Encodes at speeds to 300k uph

STP + Monza breaks RFID encoding performance barrier

© 2010 12 | © 2013

2013: Retail Apparel Tagging Takes Off

Top 50 apparel retailer TAM = ~25Bn garments/year

• Rollout or deployed – American Apparel – Macy’s – Liverpool – Memove – Zara – JCP – Walmart – Marks & Spencer – Kohl’s

• Piloting – Sears – Chico’s – Saks – Lord & Taylor – Hudson Bay – C&A (EU, Brazil)

0.0

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thly

Tag

Con

sum

ptio

n (M

)

We are here @ 2Bn/yr

Monthly Tag Consumption by Top 50 Apparel Retailers

© 2010 13 | © 2013

Tag Volumes Grow as Customers Adopt

500

1000

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2000

2005 2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

100 250 300 350 400

1300

1950

Volu

me

(MU

)

3500

3000 2650

3300

2012 2013

2/3 of the 2013 volume Is for apparel tagging

© 2010 14 | © 2013

The Situation Today • Retail is adopting UHF RFID broadly

– American Apparel, Macy’s, Memove, Liverpool, Zara, JCP, Walmart, Marks & Spencer, Kohl’s, more

• Other UHF RFID applications are growing – Embedded RFID, asset tracking, laundry, border crossing,

customer experience, manufacturing, more

• Do we have the technology we need?

Identify an Item

Locate an Item

Authenticate an Item

© 2010 15 | © 2013

Locating an Item: xArray

6.35 cm 45.7 cm

2D-array RFID reader w/ POE & tilt sensor

Leverages Speedway Revolution I/F & tools

Tag direction & localization

150 m2 floor coverage at 4.5m height

Better than 1.5m spatial resolution

Unaffected by 1000’s of stray tags

© 2010 16 | © 2013

xArray Locationing

Side View View Looking Down

Colored balls represent tags

Locate Items in Real Time

© 2010 17 | © 2013

Gen2 Today Definition Select Select a population of tags

Inventory Inventory selected tags; get their EPCs Access Read/write/lock tag memory; kill the tag

New in UHF Gen2 V2 (aka G2) protocol In today’s UHF Gen2 protocol

G2 Enhancements Definition Anticounterfeiting Authenticate a tag as genuine

Security Modify tag information securely File Management Create files and assign access privileges

Untraceability Hide tag data to protect consumer privacy Loss Prevention Use a tag for EAS

Authenticating an Item: UHF Gen2 V2.0.0

© 2010 18 | © 2013

G2 for Cryptographic Authentication

• Reader reads static TID from tag memory

• Counterfeiter can clone tag by copying TID

Today’s Gen2 RFID Future G2 RFID

Read

TID

Challenge (RN)

Response

• Tag computes response from reader’s random challenge and tag’s secret key

• Counterfeiter cannot clone tag without knowing secret key

TID Key

© 2010 19 | © 2013

G2 for Cryptographic Security

Command Function Challenge Challenges multiple tags simultaneously

Authenticate Performs tag, reader, or mutual authentication AuthComm Authenticates a tag message with a MAC

SecureComm Encrypts a tag message KeyUpdate Updates a tag’s stored key

FilePrivilege Alters a reader’s privileges to a file TagPrivilege Alters a reader’s privileges to the tag

© 2010 20 | © 2013

G2 for File Management

Tag Memory

Key Concept: Partition User Memory into Files

Readers have per-file read, write, and lock privileges

G2 supports up to 1023 files, each of which can be up to

~2 Mbytes in size

© 2010 21 | © 2013

G2 for Consumer Privacy (Untraceability)

Hide none or all

Hide none, unique serialization, or all

Hide none, part , or all

Hide none, part , or all

Tag Memory Protected by range reduction,

access privileges, or both

Key Concept: Hide Portions of Tag Memory

© 2010 22 | © 2013

G2 for Loss Prevention

© 2010 23 | © 2013

G2 Status • GS1 EPCglobal has finished the protocol

– Has passed community review – In final stages of IP review – BoG ratification in 2013

• ISO is standardizing the crypto suites – 9 crypto suites submitted to date

• Present, ECC, AES(×2), Grain, CryptoGPS, XOR, ECDSA-ECDH – ISO will ratify the first crypto suites in 2014

© 2010 24 | © 2013

Item Authentication Long Read

Range

Files & File Management

File Privileges

Fast Inventory

• G2 provides authentication and much more • G2 is backward compatible with Gen2

Short Read Range

Cryptographic Security

Large Tag Populations

Loss Prevention

G2

Consumer Privacy

G2 will Supercharge UHF RFID

Identify an Item

Locate an Item

Authenticate an Item

G2 + xArray = the Future of UHF RFID

© 2010 25 | © 2013