i “ I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle “Modelling and Analysis an Overcurrent Protection in Power System Network Using PSCAD” and found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)’ Signature : ……………………………………. Supervisor’s Name : Dr. Mohd Hendra Bin Hairi……… Date : 23/06/2016………………………..
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i
“ I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle “Modelling and Analysis an
Overcurrent Protection in Power System Network Using PSCAD” and found that it has
comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Electrical
Engineering (Industrial Power)’
Signature : …………………………………….
Supervisor’s Name : Dr. Mohd Hendra Bin Hairi………
Date : 23/06/2016………………………..
ii
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS AN OVERCURRENT PROTECTION IN A
POWER SYSTEM NETWROK USING PSCAD
MOHAMAD HISHAM BIN KHAIRUL MASRI
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
2016
iii
I declare that this report entitle “Modelling and Analysis an Overcurrent Protection in
Power System Network Using PSCAD” is the result of my own research except as cited in
the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently
submitted in candidature of any other degree.
Signature : …………………………………………
Name : Mohamd Hisham Bin Khairul Masri …
Date : 23/06/2016…………………………….
iv
To my beloved mother, father
and my family.
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
With the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful. The success and
the final outcome of the project requires a lot of assistance and guidance from many people.
Finally I am able to complete for my final year project entitled Modelling and Analysis an
Overcurrent Protection in Power System Network Using PSCAD. I would like to express
my gratitude to my respected supervisor Dr. Mohd Hendra Bin Hairi for his guidance,
encouragement and valuable time throughout completing this project.
I would also like to thank all my lecturers and faculty for all the experiences and
knowledge that I gained throughout my learning in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
(UTeM). Besides, all my friends whom involve directly or indirectly in this project.
Not to forget, my parents, Khairul Masri Bin Abas and Salmi Binti Megat Nadzir
who are very supportive. Their encouragement and motivation has been one of the keys that
strengthen me in enduring this period of project. Last but not least, I have to appreciate the
guidance given by all lecturers as well as panel especially to improve my report and project
to be better. It is hoped that this project thesis would give better understanding on the
protection scheme.
vi
ABSTRACT
Protection scheme is desperately needed in the power system network. Protection
system plays an important role in detecting the presence disorders and may prevent damage
caused interference. This can improve the reliability of the system to maintain continuity of
supply to the load. Overcurrent protection is among the important and earliest protection
scheme in power system. However the interruptions in power system can happen by fault
current. Besides, the improper setting or wrong selection and positioned of the power
protection devices is among the reason. Therefore, to maintain and improve the performance
of the protection system, this thesis presents a model of overcurrent protection scheme in
power system. This thesis describes research carried out to investigate the performance of
overcurrent relay on relay operation time (ROT) based on several cases. The model of
overcurrent protection system and analysis is developed by using PSCAD simulation
software. There are several requirement or conditions are set in order to understand and
analyze the reaction and performance of protection system model. The various type and
location of faults and relays is proposed in this project to see the changes in power system
protection performance. Besides, the implementation of different curve characteristic and
various standard also performed. Other than that, installation of distributed generator are also
determined because it will give a different impact and result to the power system protection
when faults are occur in the system. The result will be studied in order to understand the
performance of overcurrent relay in protection scheme.
vii
ABSTRAK
Skim perlindungan merupakan perkara yang sangat diperlukan didalam sesebuah
rangkaian sistem kuasa. Sistem perlindungan memainkan peranan yang penting dalam
mengesan kehadiran gangguan sekaligus mencegah kerosakan yang boleh berlaku akibat
daripada gangguan ini. Perkara ini juga dapat meningkatkan tahap keberkesanan sistem
dalam memastikan kesinambungan bekalan elektrik kepada beban secara terus.
Perlindungan arus lebih adalah antara skim perlindungan yang penting dan terawal
dibangunkan didalam sistem kuasa. Walaubagaimanapun, gangguan dalam sistem kuasa
boleh berlaku bila-bila masa seperti gangguan arus tinggi. Selain itu, penetapan, kedudukan
dan pilihan yang salah terhadap peranti perlindungan juga antara penyebabnya. Oleh hal
yang demikian, untuk meningkatkan prestasi sistem perlindungan, tesis ini telah pun
dijalankan dengan membina sebuah model skim perlindungan arus lebih. Projek ini
mengenai penyiasatan prestasi skim perlindungan arus lebih berdasarkan masa operasi relay
terhadap beberapa keadaan yang berbeza. Model skim perlindungan arus lebih dan analisa
terhadap model yang dibina dilakukan dengan menggunakan perisian PSCAD. Terdapat
beberapa pemboleh ubah yang ditetapkan dalam memahami dan mengkaji tindak balas dan
prestasi model yang dibina terhadap pemboleh ubah. Antara pemboleh ubah yang digunakan
adalah jenis dan lokasi relay yang digunakan dalam skim perlindungan dan juga jenis-jenis
gangguan yang dikenakan. Selain itu juga, jenis graf dan standard relay turut dikaji. Selain
itu, penambahan DG kedalam litar juga turut dikaji teutama ketika berlakunya gangguan
Keputusan kajian yang didapati daripada simulasi akan difahami dan dikaji berdasarkan
prestasi geganti arus dalam skim perlidungan yang dibina.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION i
PROJECT TITLE ii
DECLARATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
ABSTRAK vii
TABLE OF CONTENT viii-xi
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS xii
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv-xv
LIST OF APPENDIX xvi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scope of research 3
1.5 Thesis Outline. 3
ix
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Fault type and effects 5
2.3 Overcurrent 6
2.4 Overcurrent Protection 6
2.5 Principles of Relay Operation 7
2.6 Overcurrent Relay 8
2.7 Classification of Over-Current Relays. 9
2.7.1 Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay. 10
2.7.2 Definite Time Overcurrent Relay. 10
2.7.3 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Overcurrent Relay. 10
2.8 IDMT Electromechanical Relay. 11
2.8.1 Mathematical Express. 12
2.9 Distributed Generation. 14
2.9.1 Protection issues in presence of DG units. 14
2.10 PSCAD 15
2.11 Summary 16
3 METHODOLOGY 17
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Flow Chart of Methodology 17
3.2.1 Design the circuit model 19
3.2.2 Apply the IDMT overcurrent relay to the protection scheme. 19
3.2.3 Apply fault in the circuit model. 19
3.2.4 Compare the relay operation time (ROT) between IDMT relay
characteristic curves 19
x
3.2.5 Compare the ROT between IEC and IEEE curve standard 20
3.2.6 Compare the ROT before and after distributed generator (DG)
installation. 20
3.2.7 Data Analysis 20
3.3 Circuit Modelling 21
3.3.1 Circuit Components. 21
3.3.1.1 Three-Phase Voltage Source. 21
3.3.1.2 Transformer 22
3.3.1.3 Load 23
3.3.1.4 Measurement and Output Device. 24
3.3.1.5 Three phase fault logic. 25
3.3.1.6 Overcurrent relay. 25
3.3.2 Overcurrent relay modelling 26
3.3.2.1 Time-Dial Setting 27
3.3.2.2 Pickup-current setting. 27
3.3.3 Circuit Model. 29
3.3.4 Circuit analysis. 30
3.4 Summary 31
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION. 32
4.1 Introduction. 32
4.2 Network Model. 32
4.3 Result & Discussion. 33
4.3.1 Various Type of Fault. 33
4.3.1.1 Case 1: Fault at Phase A at Different Location. 34
4.3.1.2 Case 2: Fault at Phase B at Different Location. 35
4.3.1.3 Case 3: Fault at Phase C at Different Location. 36