I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y Competividad Acuerdo nacional, CONCYTEC, PERÚCOMPITE, PROLÍDER, CEPAL, OEA Lima; April 9, 2008 The Finnish Case Dr. Heikki Kotilainen S&T Balance S T S&T Balance Background for CEPAL’s study on Public-Private Alliance for Export Development
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I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y Competividad Acuerdo nacional, CONCYTEC, PERÚCOMPITE, PROLÍDER, CEPAL, OEA Lima; April 9, 2008 The Finnish.
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I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y Competividad
Background for CEPAL’s study on Public-Private Alliance for Export Development
I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y
Competividad
The Finnish Case
Contents
1. Introduction, Finland as a country2. Innovation policy and respective organizations3. Funding principles4. Funding of innovation and national programs5. Conclusions
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S&T Balance
I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y
Competividad
The Finnish Case
1. Introduction, Finland as a country
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S&T Balance
Finland in Figures *Total Area: 338,000 sq km, this makesFinland the seventh largest country in EuropeNeighbouring Countries: Sweden, Norway,Russia, EstoniaCapital: HelsinkiMain Cities & Population: Helsinki(555,000), Espoo (213,000), Tampere(195,000), Vantaa (178,000), Turku (172,000) and Oulu (120,800). Approximately one million people live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Population: approx. 5,3 millionPopulation Density: 17 inhabitants per square kilometre, 62 % of the population lives in towns and cities. Currency: Euro. Until 2002 markka, also known as the Finnish mark (FIM).Languages: Finnish (93 %) and Swedish (6 %) are official languages. Sami (Lappish) is the mother tongue of about 1,700 people.Climate: The climate of Finland is marked by distinctive seasonal variations. Winters are cold and summers relatively warm.National Legislature: Finland has a unicameral parliament with 200 members.Finland in the International Community:Member of EU, UN, OECD and WTO, among others.Major Exports: Electronic and electrical products, pulp and paper, machinery and equipment, metal products, transport vehicles, timber and wood, chemicalsGDP: $176.4 billion (2006)GDP per capita (PPP): $33,700 (2006)GDP real growth rate: 5.5% (2006)GDP composition by sector (2006)
Agriculture: 2.7%Industry: 30.3%Services: 67%
Unemployment rate: 7% (2006)
ECLAC Finnish Report 2007
THE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN FINLAND
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1945
•LACK OF CONSUMER GOODS
•INDEPENDENT INDUSTRIES•DOMESTIC
MARKET
•RAW MATERIALS ASCOMPETITIVE FACTOR•GROWING NATIONAL
Trade in High-Tech products, 1991-2006* Export by Industry, 1996-2006*
The biggest surpluses in Finland’s foreign trade in high technology were recorded in trade with:Russia (+ EUR 1.2 billion)United Kingdom (+ EUR 600 million)Saudi Arabia & United Arab Emirates (both+ EUR 615 million) Italy (+ 520 EUR million). The balance was the most negative for Finland in trade with China (- EUR 1.5 billion).
High technology products accounted for 21.3 per cent of all Finnish exports in 2006
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2003,3/4 based on quantitive material, 1/4 on query
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
I Foro de Ciencia, Tecnologia, Innovación y
Competividad
The Finnish Case
2. Innovation policy and respective organizations
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S&T Balance
Future orientation
”Prepare answers to questions, which will be asked after 5 years”
Motto:
Future orientation
The Innovation Policy of Finland• Education, science, technology and know-how have been
a conscious focus of the industrial policy and the foundation of the Finnish economy and society for a very long time.
• The results of the policy can be seen today: the transformation from a low-tech country to a knowledge based society.
• Investments in innovations are important, but as important are a consistent long term focus on national facilitating conditions, as well as operational measures to build up a well-committed, co-operative, well balanced, confidential and dynamic innovation environment.
• Regional development is a special challenge, because the birth of innovations is very centralized.
• Small countries, like Finland too, have a lot of challenges in the future.
Administration•social needs•white spots on technology map•emerging technologies•globalisation challenges•emerging legislation
Industry•globalisation challenges•technology needs•clustering needs•new business models
Research•utilizing the strengths of research•improving the weaknesses of research•improving the industry cooperation•facilitating the technology transfer•improving the infrastructure of research
•To promote the industrial competitiveness to keep up with the global market change•To give input to the industrial innovation process•To create new knowledge to fulfil the needs of research, Industry and society•To create the critical mass and centres of excellence in important technological areas•To enhance the co-operation between industry and universities and research institution•To promote international co-operation•To support research education and to educate internationally oriented research managers•To enhance the research and high-tech image of the country