I The Failed States Index 2007 : ,~vnlcnrs I>I I \ I(le I The world's weakest states aren't just a danger to themselves. They I can threaten the progress and stability of countries half a world away. In the third annual Failed States Index, Foreign Policy and The Fund for Peace rank the countries where the risk of failure is running high. t I\ :III a:~,~~l't~*~l :1\111111 ot ,lit III~~~CI~II .isc I~I;II ~I\I;IIICL* 110 IOIIC~I II~,~IICI h \c~lL)i \,\I\ L..!( !i:ip~ t,; l ki< :,! k~l IL.L r~l;ll-- Few encouraging signs emerged in 2006 to bet, trn rhc: ~tlht'~ \i~ic' ~ i - tht pl;111~.t. :\I~.II-L,~~~L ri~ich thr~I suggest the world is on a path to greater
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I The Failed States Index 2007 : ,~vnlcnrs
I>I I \ I(le I The world's weakest states aren't just a danger to themselves. They
I can threaten the progress and stability of countries half a world away. In the third annual Failed States Index, Foreign Policy and The Fund for Peace rank the countries where the risk of failure is running high.
t I \ :III a : ~ , ~ ~ l ' t ~ * ~ l :1\111111 ot ,lit I I I ~ ~ ~ C I ~ I I .isc I~I;II ~I\I;IIICL* 1 1 0
IOIIC~I I I ~ , ~ I I C I h \c~ lL) i \ , \ I \ L..!( !i : ip~ t,;lll ki< :,! k ~ l IL.L r~l;ll-- Few encouraging signs emerged in 2006 to bet, trn rhc: ~ t l h t ' ~ \ i ~ i c ' ~ i - t h t pl;111~.t. : \ I~. I I -L,~~~L r i ~ i c h thr~I suggest the world is on a path to greater
A N m L EDITIONS - The Ran kings Ti- J-ljr: rolunf?s 11 gh1rgt:l ttre 12 polr:rcal, econamlc, ml~ltary, and soc~al ~ndicators of instabil ty Fo: each bndlcztor T!le h~ghest siore {greater ~nstabnl~ty) IS in bold; the lowest score (less ~nstabllity) 1s In bold and italic.
Sri Lanka Republic 01 the Conge Liberia Lebanon Malawi Solomon Islands
Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007
The Ran ki ngs (continued) lrghest scr~rp
9 7 9.8
9.8 10.0
10.0 10.0
9.0 7.0
9.7 9.0
9.2 9 8
8 6 9 6 8.5 100
9 0 8.5
9.3 9.0 I! 3 9.6
9.5 8 5
7.9 7 9
8 2 4.0
7 8 7.4
9.5 5.9 9.5 5 7
8.9 6 7
7.5 9.0
8.8 8.8
8.5 7.2 9.2 7.0
7 7 7.0
9 0 7.2
9.2 6.1
7 2 7.4 9 1 9.0
3.8 9.0
7.5 7.4
3.8 9 0 (continued)
Rank
31
32
33
33
35
36
36 38
39
3G 4 1
41
43
34
45
46
47
48
48
50 51 51
53
54
55 56
57
58
59
60
Total
91 -3 91.2
89 7
89 7
89.1
89 2
89.2 88.8
88 7
88.6 88.2
88.2
87.5
87.2
86 7
86.6
86.4
85 7
85.7
85.5
85 2 85.1
84.9
84.5
84 4
83.2
82.8
82 3
82.0
81.4 -.
lndicators of Instability . . --
Country
Kenya
N!ger
Colombia
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Egypt Rwanda Guinea- B~ssau Tajik~stan
Syrra Eqlratonal Guinea Kirgizstan
Turkmenistan
Laos
Mauritania
Togo
Bhutan
Cambodia
Moldova
Eritrea
Belarus Pap~ra New Gurnea Angola
Bosnia
l ndonesia
Ph;llpp~nes
Georgia
Bolivia
Guatemala
ANNUAL EDITIONS
Failing the Faithful
Ttlc wr~rld's weakezt sldks arc 2lsO the most rel~g~ouslv ' lnldernnt Counlr~es w ~ l h a pool freedom 3f r t i l ~ g i ~ n
score j r e often most likely to meet their maker Fre?dnom of worsh~p may be a cornerstone of
di.mordncv, k r t 11 r a y als3 be a key trd~catar of stabl- I
~:y Vulnerable states d~splay a greatEr degree of rell- u!nrJ> ~r~toler anre ar cording to scol es calculaled by Ihe H u d s o ~ Irlstitut~'s Center fol- Religivus Freedom Per- scr;~lt~on ot te l~g~ous m~tmritres irl Bangladesn, Burna.
' Iran, and Uzbekistan has depr~verl millions of f a ~ t h f ~ l of t i e freedom t3 follow the~r bel~efs. But religious repres-
! sl(Jn IS often notk\nq more than a thrnly ve\led attempt lu r r l u ~ ~ l e tne country s CIVII society. In Zimbabwe, relr-
i g)ous readers were targeie3 recenlly as some ~f the last rPmarnl?g outspoken volccs of oppos~tiuri Irl tlie country. ' P.nd In Belar1.s President Aleksandr Lukashenko has severel./ c c r r t ~ l l ~ d reliqiovs freeaom rn ordm to quash
I 17~0vern~nts he deems bearers o: foreign political in'lu- PYF: \ ( seems t ! ~ leaders mot many failing slates d~str.lst
I a?y hl~l lhe~ power th i t may be greater Van their own
i 'I'he Best and the Worst
This year, several vulnerable states took a step back from the brink. Nu yuestlon. 2J0b was a l o ~ s y year for lraq " I: was an odd statement to czme from a .r~rrnally upteat U.S President Gnnrge n. Bush. but fcw would d~sagree. An ever worsen- ~ n d sp~ral of vlolence in lraq and bloody conthcts !n Afghan\- stan. East T~mor, ard Sonalia ensured that 2006 could iirderstandably go down In the hislory bo~ks as a lousj year for many count-ies, not least Iraq.
But ~ m r d these pour perlorniers, a few br~ght spots emerged. Several falling states made impressive galns. ullen l h a ~ k s to h~s to~ tc turnsat the ballot box. Thc f~rclt direct ~1ill;tir;los war-e leld In December In Indofles~a's Aceh Prov- Ince, hust lu a three-decade-long separa!lst war lhat ended In .i 1ru~:c 2035. Fwrner rebel leader lrwandi Yusut, who escaped from ,all aRer his prison was destroyed by the L)e:emb€r ?DOJ tsunarnr was c l c ~ l e d governur, sidelining former elrtes who had long monop3lized power And in the Democra:~c Republ~c of the Ccrnqo, the f~rst multiparty ~ l e c - tlons rn more than 40 years hzlperl Improve the state's eglt\- macy In t?e eyes of ~ ts lmpoverlshed populace, tn0ug-1 the corintry rcma\nz vu \ne rab \~ tu l~i l l i l ln vlolfmce
Bul Llberla wlns the honcr of the years tnost ImproverA. gnjirny SIT polnls over last vcar's trdnx S C ~ P . Tnere, tso, a November 2005 election. helrc af:er more than 2 decade of CI'JI' war, can be cred l t~d w~th brlng~ng much-needed stEbility f!, t,ic c o ~ n t r y and layilly the gror~rld for last year's notable proQress. Although 14.000 U.N, peacekeepers remain in L ~ h c r ~ a its ecrsnrlrnv !s j u ~ w ! n g a1 7 percent, rnhit\a:. have been demobllitsd. and President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf ha?. Ir.4 efforts to iombal enoernic corruption, inzludlng t h ~ arrest3 i ~ t i - ~ ~ ~ y t ~ - r d r ~ k ~ n g gcvernment 3fflrlafs for graft. - - - -- .- - - - - - -
Llber a's ne~ghbor In th? rankings, ilowevt?r 1oc.k thrs year s larqest t .~mble Lebanon dr3pperl n ~ a r \ v 1 2 points In the rndex, grvlng ~t a total score i ~ s t a ha~r shy of L l k r ~ a ' s TI-E! war n Lebanon idst year reversed much uf Ihe progress made s ~ r l ~ t : t t ~ e end of ~ t s cwn clvrl war In 19CO. I s r ~ e l ~ arr strikes drove m3re than 700 000 Lebanese from the11 homes an3 did an ~q t~ rna ted 52 8 blll~on \r darnage to the c t ~ ~ n l r y - s infrastructure. A political crrsis has the current government deadlocked and the zounlry's scunomy reniAlns weah I i
shows that two state? wrth s~m~fn r rat~ngs can be on ~ast ly dltlerent Irajectorles, ane hbaded toward stab1 rty and one bscksl~dir~g toward fdilure.
Country - - - - -. . -. - -
Better
l ndclnesla
Dern Rep of the Congo Bosn~a
Worse
Lebancn Sonalia Eqt.idur 131 Gi~rnea Nrger
- . - - -. - . - . . . -
'As rlc,~st~ri'd I# - 1rlT1ex ~8:11tit;
Change. - .- - - --
Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007
I Ill ; I I~IIIC / Nature vs. Nurture It,i>.L, A g\-c
[':I \I j car,
r l r lc . ie lop- ! I ~ ; I I I ~ t > t i h~
J ~ : ~ ! I S ~ I C \
L I \ ~ , I - there! I'LII I (11-e for I
i .1l,It. giants, r l I I , O \ ~ out :I( 3 I ;\Adid x - c f i r 1~1i1st
~ ) r c crrg~ne !i p;tce. but :Is contin-
11) I~ ; IL the
- - -1 I I
k this n t s in 1
I gress eli air I 3mes my's ment lk. It astl y one 1 -
:~rur,. tlem 1 I
r ' i l I C Y I O ~ !
1 , , - I , ( 5 , , , ,
! t?r and dcter~ora-lor) Tiat muatis that In ;:oorl<; ped-rorm~ng s l ~ t e s un Ihc cdyc. ~r i c l~ ld~ng E:~t ly l~~at .~ l l . E J ~ P I . dt:d Iild~r-ae- 1 ';fa. 'he risks of flcodinq droilqclt. ..irlrl rl~furr;stat~tlr. h.jve llttle chance ot belt~q properly lnat,:lg~rl AnlJ t h ~ ' surjqclst:, I;tr:nn; I
are hretvlr~q or1 the tl!~rr7arl for Ihe bi!rld'.~ rno.it v i ~ l r \ ~ r ; j b i j
AS the world warms states at .~sh face severe threats to !heir gro~ndvrater. agrrcu!tute, and ecosystems facifirs thal can rapdly undo polltrcal and economic galns Thr.; year's Index iound a strong covrelallo? betW?@n stzbility and envrronmcntal sustainabiliiy. a country's aijrlity lo avrlrd envlrnnm~ntdl dlsas-
I Swrce. 2035 El~vironjnent Srlsta~nabil~ty lndcx. ~rnd~rccd by valur: and Columbgil Urllversrl~es L - - - - -- - - - . - -. - - -. - -. -. -. - . - - I
1 v e n n t I I c ~ ~ ~ i ~ I I l i ~ r s \ ~ a ' ~ 11i7Ic. L Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ I I I J 10 ~ I ( I L A \ ,LIL,II , I \ 11.11 t~:lI ! I I L , I \ I ~ > I ~ \U : I I . , 1 1 1 ~ 1
p i n g econom> 3rd il lull i I r t l c 1 in\vdli: 111 < I~KL\-III>;I 1 1 . i ) ~ 1.iollul11lic t l c h ~ r I \ L ~ l ~ b 111. 1 I L C r\\'r.! 0 1 - LL I I , , \ 1.111~ \ l14*11 l r l 111lt 1.)~. ladstabilizing effec~.;. d:qIiirc I'I,L.,~ c.ouc.(>r-rl~ .~holrr thc. L ( u r j ~ I-\ -. 1111di.l ~h.11 I r~:~tctI I 11,. 1, ' 1 1 . i n I L>I~.IILI)II I I,[ , 7 : ! ~ n - ! ~ \ ~ > , I ! : I ~ \ * ~ \ \ n , i k \ ~ <
h m t i c futur,.. IIL>,II I \ IIJ~O dCc,tdc< !II L.L ~ ~ I I ~ I I I I I L .~ ' td ( ~ r 1 1 [ I L , , I / IT. lgr.im<. 11111 !.chi)-
Thevastrnajcrit! rlf\hc.-\:\\:- l i-rd i n thr \\lilt.. h , r \ ~ , nt>i :rl .IIIOII ;.,I, > ~III~L.~,II?\~~\~L.~ ;ILI.L 11.. 111 ,IIIIL .I[ ,r~lt I \.'r IIIII,. ,II I l i [ l l l . c \
ANNUAL EDITIONS
. - -- -- -. - - - - - - - - - . -. - - - .-
Ideading the Way to the Bottom i
Many states must endure poverty, corruption, and natural disasters. But, for the weak, there is nothing
more costly than o strongman calling the shots. H~story IS full of brulal leaders who have plunged tthe~r lands Into poverty and war through greed, corruption, and
' ~:\olenze And though many events-natural d\sasiers, eco- nomlc shocks. an tif flux o' refugees from a nelghborrng country--can lead to state fa~lure, few are as decis~ve or as
i rAeadly as bad leadersh~p. ! Ths year's index reveals that whlle fail~ng states llke
Iraq and Snmalia may suffar from poor govcrnancc, they are k ~ p t company by a number of countries ruled by long- ) serving strongmen who hars presided over their nalions' collapse. Thrae of the five worst performing states-Chad. Sudar.. and Zimbabwe-have leaders who haw been In power for more than 15 years.
Bul the problem IS not restrrcted to sub-Saharan Africa. UzbeLlslan's President lsiam Karimov, ,#ho has collinued a brutal crackdown on dissent since the massacre of hundreds uf ur~a in~er i prutesters In May 2005, has been in power since 1991 Egyplian Pres~dent Hosni Mubarak, who has clung
to power for the past quartel ccritury. IS no& orchestratrng his own succession. :v~th h ~ s son as the he11 apparent And Yamen': Presidenl All Abduhah Saleh. ~ h o has ruled slnce 1 Y 18. was overwhelm~ngly reelected lo another seven-year term last September in an election roundly cilndernned by t h e npposil~on as Iraudulenl
Llkewlse, effect've leadersnip can pul! a state back from the hr~nk. lndonebia'> frrst (Jirectly elected pres~dent Sus~lo Bambany Yudhoyono, has helped steer the country. long marred 3y e~idemic corruption and devastated by the 2004 tsunami, toward greater stablllty srnce corning Into offlce t h r ~ ~ y ~ a ~ s ago H e has ~nrt~atcd ~c iorm of the countr-y s crooked security sector, negotiated a peace agree-mmt wlth rebels In Aceh Province, and made rnodeiate rrnprovernents In government servlces These ejlons haven't necessar~ly made him popular. But then. such leadership is exac'ly what more failing states leed: a head of state lyho chooses con- t~nued retorrns over h ~ s own power and rFcogn~tlon
c ~ O t ~ ~ \ 7 hlr~e r u\nrsr.~bi\~\jp.; rite lrnl!: h ~ - l l w d t u ~ n ~ t i e cl:>~.l, hitib t r r l t h ~ z counlry ' \ (Ieleloplnent. hut they revrrhcl.aretl i~zl.oxx thc rc.g~cbr~-into Irr-acl. .I(ird:~n. i ~ n d Syri,!. It thou\ :yairi th;11 a L 1)11tilrj ' k p r o b l ~ * ~ i ~ h art* 11cver > i i ~ p l y on7-I.
That c,c\r~cluhion becomc.s c.-pcci<~Il,v W(II.I~~<JIIIC \+.II~'II I~IC
\ \ c ' ~ L \[,LIP, i r l ~ L I C C ~ ~ I I I I 1iohce\5 nuclc;~r weapon\ T(lll.~y. t \ c ( l
u o i i n t r ~ r ~ i:111ol1~ thc ~ r ) r l d ' s 1.5 moct I u l n c r ~ l ~ l c , Nor:h Kore;~ :ird i':lh1\1,1n, ;Ire menihurs of rhu nuclear club Their protile\ L , t ! ~ ~ l d \~;ir~lK> IT ic%> > i ~ i j l \ , i ~ : - \ ' i ~ r fortii?r l;icr\ llit ~CI- j IY;I\ pr+- peer ot' tctlnornlu collapsu. folloucd by lnachilc hulti;;i~ f l iph~. kchilc t t ~ c latter preside\ over ;I Ii~wles\ frontier coutlrr! :un<l a
~ . i ~ ~ c . n ~ . h ; l ! i ~ ~ d I\lan~iat oppo\~tion whocr riunkh gnju. by ~ h c cia! Hut M h i l t tliexc \tat& Iallings may bc fsecli~cnt frddcl. fol'
hc.,irlllrl<~~ ;~rcrtlrj~l t l ~ c ivclrld. i t I\ ohviau\ thnr thcrc art. 1'c.w r;i\> , ~ r ~ \ u c ~ , s I(! thcrl trouh1t.h I n h~yh l igh t~ng which \late.; ;~rc at tIlc
+r-~.,ilc.t r.i\l, of t l j r I i~rc. i k v ~ 3 1 1 tjlily hope that rtlaru cffe~,tivc ;it~rl .l ~ l l g - l ~ l 11) ~ t j l ~ f l r l ) l l \ i*ll lclyc O\Cl. tl117L, i lk LVC <t>lllpiiI-? 11w 111tie\ !I,O~II !car' 10 ~ c ' i i t 111 111;lt it a!. po\iii i7e rer cm.si~lx r ~ f forhunt. c;iri 4)ccilr tor tic \< o r l d ' ~ IIIO\I \ u l r i t~- i i l~ le r1i11itwk JII~. in i l ~ e pro- L.L.\~. imljrrjvr. I hc \cci.l'l~! antl pr!>\perlty of r \ rryotlr.
Long Division Whaf holds back many most fragile regimes is
of the world's that they were
never truly in charge in the first place. IV hv11 ~t LY\IIIC\ to :~\w\\II I~ -[AIL. I,I~ILIIL*. \~\IIIL- L - ( I L I ~ I \ I I C ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ L * ~ ;t
\\ i th ,.plit pci ~ C > I I ~ I ] ~ ~ I L - > , I'ILII I , \ . \I;IIL,\ 1t1;1> IT? the ~IV~LII-c \ ~ ~ h i l ~ t y , pcauc.. x i d t . i r>~iot i~ ic ?I-iwth i r i sr!l:lc ;lr~-;i\. yrt IIO-<O
/tjnch 1 1 1 r~lht.r\. ;2 t l t ) / ~ . t i c o ~ ~ ~ l t l i t ' s ;Ilnl)rlg 1\11' t r l ) 1110k1 1 LI~IICI -
;,hlc L,o [~~: i~ t t ' . \ i r ~ ~ l ; ~ l \ [ i i~c\." X ~ C ; I \ thiit iirc c \ ~ ~ ~ r i t ~ : i I l y \clt- ~ i ybc i IIIII?. i111t c [ : i i l t ~~ -~ i by ~IIL* ~critr,tI ~ o v c r l : r l ~ t ~ ~ l .
11, 111~. r ~ l - I j l~ - r Sin ICI rc[,t~l~lic of C;cx!rgi;i. .ht t ~ o b~~~i iL: i \< . I >
l-cyii\r~\ 01 :\l?Ll~:~/i:i ;i11(1 Si9(1tt1 Chwti;~ hii\c bt~i l t ~ ~ ; i r ~ i l l ~ l ~O~,CI-I I-
Governments wilt often go to great lengths to regain breakaway regions, and their efforts can be tremendously costly.
Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007
I 'I'httre Goes the Neighborhood
? is nothing In same of the world's most dangerous regions, failure doesn't stop at the border's edge. It's contagious.
; orr,hestrat~ng It IS no c a ~ n ~ ~ d e n c e that rnar,y of the world's f a~ l~ng states tend to cluster together Porous borders, ci~ltural aff~nity. and wlde-
apparent. And spread i~nderdevelopment ollen bind populaiions. And when some live in a failing state, their woes can qu~ckly spill over :nto
las ruled slnl-e a nelghbor s backyard.
ler seven-year Nowhere 10 Run :ondernned by
The violence In Darfur has created the most ex!reme ripple I late back from etfect. The Sudanese government has been accused of I
backing rebel groups In both Chad and the Central Ahcan ?sid~nt Susllo country, long Republic, creating hundreds of thousands of additional refu-
:d by the 2004 gees. Vast camps throughout Ihe reylon are vulnerable to
Ing rnto off~ce the violent, maraud~ng milit~as that have terrar~zed Darfur for
the country's the past four years.
jree-ment w~th improvements i ' t necessar~ly !
s exactly what !
chooses con- n~i!t.ln.
.at lengths 1 d their ;tly.
7~ I < L I \ \ ~ ; I 11 X L , ~ , L I I - ~ ~ !
I~II\I '\ ILLII~\~>TII!. 10 1 nrrl l I,([< co i~ t~-o l \ 3 i L~ hl111 h : i \ ~ ~ \OCI~LI ,
States of Disorder Sornalia, hostage lo factional fighl~ng be-tween warlords for more than 15 vears, convulsed with vlolence !n 2006, when shot-lived stability lnstatled by the Union ot Islamic Courts was upended by the Invasion 01 Eth~opian troops in favor of an Inlerlm government. Over the years, refugees from the fight~ng have spilled into Ethiopia. Entrea, and Kenya, destabilizing a large portion of the Horn of Africa.
II\IUIL. b r l ' Hoyo~i ' r )m;~l~l;ind ~ l c~ l i u ( . J c t : l l l ~~ lg !\ 111111~ ~ h c t l i \ t : j t ~ * ,
h\ t l l I-~~:IIII W C . ~
Sowing Instability !
Fighl~ng by a resurgent Tallban In Afghanistan and In lt?e lawless Northwest Frontier Prov~nce of Paklstan has the potential to spread rristabil~ty across Central Asia. Paki-
'
stan and Uzbekistan have shown only marg!nal gains In their index scores during the past year and are at risk not only from sp~llover but from growing internal dissent. But '
it is Alghan~s!an's record poppy y~eld that has neighbor~ng
underground hero~n lactorles, cut swaths through the former states most concerned Drug trafhck~ng routes. fueled by
sowet republics 10 the corm bringing cr ime addctian. and i H I V ~ A I D ~ in their wake. I
,
[ ~ ~ c ~ : < l r l i ~ > l ~ co\t[).
. I - L ~ ~ ~ L ~ I - ~ L ~ I L I I]( 1rt11- I tnt>. h l~ l l 1 l i t l ~ dl\
I\ i IIg t t l o ~ l \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ,)I
cLl-nrnc.rlt c l l ' o ~ - t ~ 10
111 thr. i c ~ l i v e her- tlcnl]>r\ h! tlw Sri :. l ' ;~ ln~ l T l g c ~ \ l ; r \ t uot1llrl.g In rc.;jr.\.
I
law. . Article 2
The Failled States Index 20637
and
a of the :ected.
le's
The world's weakest states aren't just a danger to themselves. They lean threaten the progress and stability of countries half a world away. In the third annual Failed States Index, Foreign Policy and The Fund for Peace rank the countries where the risk of failure is running high.
t i s an itcccptcd axiom ol'the mcdern age that distance no lonzer mntterc. Sectarjan carnape can sway stock mar- kets o n the other 5ide of the planet. Anarchic cities that
hr)s[ open-a~r arnv bazaars irnpesrl rhe security of the world's Fuprpnwer. A hermit lendcr's erratic behavior not oniy make< lift rni~erable f o r the impperished millinn< he n~les hut al-o upend% the world's n~rclear nonprnliferation regime. The threats of wrnk states, i n orhcr word<, ripple Tar beyond their b r d e r ~ and endanscr the develuprnen~ and qecuric of nations thitt are M r polrtlcal and econolnic opposlter.
Few encouraging signs emerged In 20M to swgest the- world is on a path to greater F a c e and stahilify The year kssn wih viole~it protest< that erupted lroril 1ndnne5ia so Niyeria over the p~~blication of car tuwc depicting thc Pmphet Mohammed. February brought the destr~iction of Sarnarra's pdrlen-dornetl mosqzle, one of Shiite Islam'? holjcct shrines, unleashing acon- wlqiop of kiolcnce across Iraq that uontznues unaboteil. After Hezbol lah kidnapped m o I~raeli soldicrs last July, southern Cehanr~n wa\ bombarded for :i nlonth by air strike.+. sencling hundreds of rhournnds nf refugees fleeing inro nc~ghboring states. And in Ocfohrr. the reprcsslvc Nurtl~ Korean regme a v m d I ~ F way into fhe wnrld's nuclear club.
Whir make< these nlann~ng headlines a13 the more trnublinc v - 7 - . -- - . - -
is that rheir clriyin; lie in weak and ralllns srate.s. World leaden and-fkFTiead\ ofmilt i late~al fnsrfiGmUIjiely take to lec [ems to rclteralc thzir cornrni~menr ro pulling vulnernble state! bsck from thp brink. hut i t can k ddjRiicrilt to tranrlale damage control inlo viable. 1onf-tem~~1~!ti~n5~h~c?irr'e~~& - . - &&- ne&r;Aid js &en rn i< r~ ru . lcfr~rrn~ ar t many or tno few.
eSeclirivlr' needs o v e w h c l n ~ iritrr ilat ional peacekeepers. or chaos L
reigns in their ahsencc. I'he complex phenrjmcnon o f sratc failurt. may be rnuuh dis-
C I E F F ~ . bill it remain.; I i ttlc ~~r~rlcrqtocxi The roh2ems that plague #\ - hiling states arc yenern'lly all tna ~irnilaf himpant qrruptlurl,
a- -- - -preclacor)-<dites who hwe long mnrtc>p61i~ed powel: an abqenct.
o f lhe rulc of law. 'lnd <evert ethnic or religious dividons. Rr~t that does nor mran that the rrspnnfes to their pmhletn\ l h ~ u l d be cut from the qame clorh.
Few encouraging signs emerged in 2006 to suggest the world is an a path to greater peace and stability.
1;niling state\ arc n dlverw lot. l3urm;t and Ha~tr ;Ire two of . -- thz EZT'ccrmrpt ctruntne~ i n the wnrld. :~ccorrlin,c to Truaspnr- cncy Inrerna~ionnl, and ye1 Burma's repressive junta ~wrtecutec ethnic rninontiw arid \ i ~ k l t c ~ s i t > lmyuIa1ion to forced rrsettle- ment. whiite Haiti 15 wracked bv extreme pov~ny. lawlc~snzss. and urban violence. For a decade. Equatorial Guinea has poqted snme of the highest csonnmlc grrwrh in sub-Saharan Ahica,yet i t s riches have pxldctl the hank accn~bntc of afi e21tc bcw. Ant] 111 the Demrxratic Republic of thu C n n ~ o . the inahilit) of the eovrrnment to poricc IN twrden etfeu~i~ely or rnnnaFe tlr \.act n~ineral wealth has left thc country dependent pn f o r e ~ g l aid.
To provide a clearer picture of the world':: wc&usr stares. the Fund for PC.IW. an independent rc\e;lrch g r m t i o n , and
- . -- F(JRF~C;Y-.~Y p r e c ~ ~ - d i c l ~ i d annual Failed State3 End?~. - uilng 12 5=al, economic. political. and mil~tary ind~catc!rq. w e ~ a n h e ~ 177 %[ate3 in ordrr vf ' rhe i r~uf icrahi l i t~ to violent i nrernal cnnfiict :mcl qorictal deleriarat Ion. Tie iriclcx scclres are based un daf;l from lnore than TZ.mO publicly availebl~ qnnrccq
collcclcd from May to Decernbcr 2 0 0 f ~ . The 60 moxt vulnernble statcs are l is~cd I n the rankings. and fill! t.esultv <arc av:ltlablc at r ~wwForeignPo'olcycom und ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)
E? [he-se.c=oridyear tn a sow. Sudan tops fhc rank%?\ a? the .. . ,
rtatc rnoq!at risk af fiilirc. The pri~ni~r;uauce - - ot - it, ;i<tabflitv. violence in the county's western r;pG of D:irfur, i k ah well knOfn i t is tragk. At least 200.000 peoplc-ant1 p c s h a p ar ma-nj ax_400.00& have hccn killcd In the pa\t lour vcars by janl;wc$ rni1iti;lr armed hy ~ h c gorernmt*i~t. and 2 to 1 n ~ i l l ~ a n prSplF have fled rheir torched \illagcr for squalid camp< as ihe violence has spillcrl i i~tu he Cer~tral Africal~ Rcp~~hl ic and Chad. Thrce counlries were hardy pictirrrs of stah~l i~y prior to !he influx of rcfueees and sehelr across rhcir border?: tl~c Ccn- (ral African Rcpr~blic plays h07t To a ~nndern-day \lave tmtle.
ANNUAL EDITIONS
The Rankings . - - - * .-.. - - . . - - - - .
Tne column< hrchllght the 12 polrt~cal, econornle. mllrtary, arid soclal ndicatots of instablllty For each lnd~catar, the hlgiest scare (greater ~nstab~l~fly) IS In bold; ths lowest score (lesq instabildy) IS In bold and italic.