Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

ByMr ASHOK DHAKA BISHNOI

Director, JINC

Thyroid Gland (2)

Endocrine-Glands.ppt 2

Position:- Situated in the neck in front of the larynx & trachea at the level of 5th ,6th & 7th cervical & 1st thoracic vertebrae.

Weight it is about:- 25 gm

Shape:- Butterfly in shape

Introduction:-

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It consisting of two lobes one on either side of thyroid cartilage

The lobe are cone shaped

About 5cm long

3 cm wide

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Secretion of hormone:-

1. T3 (Tri-iodothyronine)--- thyrotoxicosis

2. T4 (Thyroid)Function:-

◦ Increases BMR & produce energy◦ It help in metabolism of protein ,fat & CHO

3. CalcitoninFunction:-

◦ Reduce blood calcium level◦ It reduce reabsorbtion of calcium level from bone

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“”It is due to hyper secretion of T3 & T4 hormone characterized by increase BMR””

Hyperthyroidism/overactive thyroid:-

Graves' disease. is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an immune system disorder. The body produces antibodies that cause the thyroid to make and release too much thyroid hormone.

Thyroid tumor. A noncancerous thyroid tumor may make and secrete increased amounts of thyroid hormones.

Toxic multinodular goiter. The thyroid gland is enlarged with many noncancerous thyroid tumors. They secrete increased amounts of thyroid hormone.

Note:- very rare situations, excess thyroid hormone can come from a source outside the thyroid. For example, abnormal tissue growth in the ovary can secrete thyroid hormone

Etiology:-

Nervousness Insomnia Dramatic emotional swings Sweating Tremors Increased heart rate Frequent bowel movements Unexplained weight loss, often despite an increased appetite Feeling warm or hot all the time Muscle weakness Shortness of breath and heart palpitations Hair loss Heat intolerance Reduction in menstrual flow Exophthalmos

C/F:-

History, PE T3 & T4 Level Blood tests to check levels of certain

antibodies An ultrasound of the thyroid A thyroid scan

D/E:-

Clinical Exam. of Thyroid

Have patient seated on a stool / chair

Inspect neck before & after swallowing

Examine with neck in relaxed position

Palpate from behind the patient Remember the rule of finger tips Use the tips of fingers for

palpation Palpate firmly down to trachea

Where to look for Thyroid ?

Clinical Anatomy of Thyroid

Clinical Exam of Thyroid

Thyromegaly

M/M:-

Anti Thyroid Drugs Eg.Methimazole, Carbimazole

S/M: Thyroidectomy – Subtotal or Total

Diet:-High calories diet

Management:-