7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
1/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
The aim of this presentation is to acquaint you allwith the hypersonic technology, its modernization,
the difficulties and challenges scientists are facingdeveloping this technology and its futureprospects
AIM
AIM
1
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
2/36
Part 1: Definition and Significance
Part 2: Historical Perspective
Part 3: High Speed Air Breathing EnginesPart 4: Features of Hypersonic FlowPart 5: Advancement in Hypersonic LiftingBodies and Wave-Riders Concept
Part 6: ApplicationsPart 7: Challenges
Part 8: Conclusion
SEQUENCE
2
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
3/36
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
4/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Definition:
Aircraft capable of flyingat speeds greater thanfive times the speed of
sound.
DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE
Part 1: Definition and Significance
4
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
5/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Significance:
Flight at hypersonicspeeds is required toefficiently reach space
and return from it
DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE
Part 1: Definition and Significance
5
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
6/36
PART 2
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE
6
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
7/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
In 1933, German rocketexpert Eugene Sangerpublished his concept for
an antipodal bomber
In February, 1949, theU.S. Army launched the V-2 WAC Corporal rocket
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE
Part 2: Historical Perspective
7
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
8/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
On April 12,1961, Sovietflight Major Yuri Gagarin
returned to Earth
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE
Part 2: Historical Perspective
8
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
9/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
X-15 Program:
X-15 flight testsrevealed a number of
interesting facts abouthypersonic flights
The third X-15 was lost
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE
Part 2: Historical Perspective
9
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
10/36
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
11/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Scramjet Engines:
The scramjet uses a
slightly modified BraytonCycle
The scramjet is about 7times more efficient than
the rocket at Mach 7 The scramjet overcomesheat load limit usingsupersonic combustion
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines
11
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
12/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSHIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines
12
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
13/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Combination cycleengine:
The dual-mode scramjet can
operate over the ramjet andscramjet speed range, fromabout Mach 3 to at least Mach15.
The resulting engine is calleda rocket-based combinedcycle engine.
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines
13
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
14/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSHIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines
14
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
15/36
15
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
16/36
PART 4
FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC
FLOW
16
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
17/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
The air flowing arounda vehicle moving athypersonic speeds has
several interestingfeatures
Sheer difficulty ofconducting flow
experiments underhypersonic conditions
FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW
Part 4:Features of Hypersonic Airflow
17
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
18/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSFEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW
Part 4: Features of Hypersonic Airflow
18
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
19/36
PART 5
19
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
20/36
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING
BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
The USAF and NASAhave studied hypersonic
lifting bodies for almost50 years now
The X-20 Dyna-Soar
The X-23 lifting body
X-24A and X-24B NASA/Boeing X-37
Boeing X-40
Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept
20
21
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
21/36
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING
BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
X-38 in 1990s
The NASA/Lockheed Martin
X-33 reusable launch vehicle.A smaller predecessor of theLockheed Venture Star
The Buran (Snowstorm)
Soviet space shuttle
Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept
21
22
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
22/36
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING
BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept
22
Wave-Rider Concept:
Aircraft configurations
optimized for aerodynamicflight at hypersonic speedsare generally thin and flat
Wave rider configurations
generally exhibit ruddersand elevator-aileroncombinations (elevons) asprimary control surfaces
23
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
23/36
PART 6
APPLICATIONS
23
24
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
24/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Numerous studiesperformed over past 50years show potential
benefits of higher speedflight systems
Hypersonic aircraft donot offer much promise to
weary airline passengersin the near future
APPLICATIONS
Part 6: Applications
24
25
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
25/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Military Applications:Military benefits ofhypersonic vehicles are
versatility, response time,survivability, and un fueledrange
APPLICATIONS
Part 6: Applications
25
26
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
26/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Space LaunchApplication:
Benefits of air-
breathing launchsystems are improvedsafety, missionflexibility, vehicledesign robustness andreduced operatingcosts
APPLICATIONS
Part 6: Applications
26
27
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
27/36
PART 7
CHALLENGES
27
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
28/36
29
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
29/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Design methods:Systems studies toidentify potential vehicle
configurationsDesign Optimization:Due to the relatively smallexcess thrust generated
by a scramjet, somemethod is needed toimprove performance andto define operability limits.
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY
Part 7: Challenges
29
30
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
30/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Experimental Facilities ,Measurements and TestMethodology:
Scramjet engine andhypersonic vehicledevelopment requires anintegral design and
systems engineeringapproach.
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY
Part 7: Challenges
30
31
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
31/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Flight Testing:
Flight testing remainsan important element in
hypersonic propulsionand vehicledevelopment
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY
Part 7: Challenges
31
32
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
32/36
PART 8
CONCLUSION
33
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
33/36
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
Technology advanceswithin the USA andaround the world prove
that efficient hypersonicflight is possible
The greatest benefitto mankind will be inspace accessapplications
CONCLUSION
Part 8: Summary and Conclusion
34
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
34/36
Now the general who wins a battle makes manycalculations in his temple where the battle is fought.
The general who loses a battle makes but few
calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations
lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how
much more no calculation at all!
It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who
is likely to win or lose.
SUN TZU ART OF WAR
35
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
35/36
Question & Answer
36
7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts
36/36
THANK YOU